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1.
转抗除草剂基因小麦植株的筛选方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了降低小麦转bar基因时产生较高比例的假阳性植株,采用测定T0代转基因植株叶片释放NH4 浓度和对T1代植株喷施Basta除草剂等辅助筛选方法,建立了简便有效的转bar基因小麦筛选体系。研究结果表明,2叶期和5叶期叶片释放的NH4 浓度与bar基因PCR检测结果呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.86和0.75。对391株T0代再生植株进行叶片释放NH4 浓度测定,筛选到34株转基因植株,其中27株为bar基因的PCR检测所证实。用100 mg/L Basta除草剂对381株T0代植株的后代(3 800余株)进行喷施筛选,根据后代抗性分离筛选到13株T0代阳性植株,与PCR检测结果吻合度达到100%。这两种方法可用于以bar基因为选择标记基因的转基因植株的筛选。 相似文献
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双T-DNA表达载体转化大豆的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用含有筛选标记基因和目的基因△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的双T-DNA共转化表达载体pLIN61,经农杆菌EHA101介导,采用子叶节转化法转化大豆,使用除草剂Glufosinate作为筛选剂,获得了一批携带有玻璃苣△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的转基因大豆,转化效率为2.0%,共转化频率及实际转化率分别为56.25%、1.12%.PCR检测和Southern杂交结果证明,玻璃苣D6D已经整合到大豆的基因组上.RT-PCR检测结果显示,玻璃苣△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因在转基因大豆的转录水平上得到了表达. 相似文献
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花粉管通道介导的抗除草剂基因(bar)对大豆的遗传转化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用花粉管通道介导法将含有bar基因的pPTN140质粒DNA导入8个黑龙江省大豆主栽品种（系）,导入1384朵花,共获得1164粒种子,经2次Basta除草剂筛选后共获得3个品种的除草剂抗性植株8株.对其进行PCR以及PCR-Southern杂交检测均为阳性结果,Southern杂交结果显示,8个除草剂抗性后代植株整合数目不同,其中2株整合单拷贝基因,另外6株分别整合3～8个拷贝的bar基因.对8个抗性植株的后代进行了除草剂抗性分析,D1-D3代均出现除草剂抗性植株,表明bar基因可以在转基因植株后代中遗传,抗性遗传分析结果表明不同株系间以及株系内除草剂抗性缺乏规律性,分离比率不符合孟德尔遗传规律.说明大豆花粉管通道法转化基因存在多拷贝共抑制现象.目前获得除草剂抗性稳定的D3代株系82个.试验说明利用花粉管通道技术进行大豆转化是可行的. 相似文献
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实验构建了2个大豆贮藏蛋白Gy1基因种子特异性表达载体,并将其分别转入玉米愈伤组织中。载体1以潮霉素为筛选标记,将Gy1基因片段插入到含有种子特异启动子的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-7αP上,得到种子特异性表达载体pCAMBIA1301-7αP-Gy1;载体2以BADH为筛选标记,将Gy1基因插入到带有耐盐基因BADH的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-BADH上,得到安全性无抗生素选择标记的种子特异性表达载体pCAMBI-A1301-sbeⅡb-Gy1。通过农杆菌介导法将其分别导入玉米自交系H99的愈伤组织中,共获得132株再生植株;经过PCR检测,初步证明获得了34株转基因阳性植株。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2017,(2)
利用无缝克隆技术把抗虫基因Cry8-like重组到pCAMBIA3301载体上,成功构建了含有抗草铵膦筛选标记的植物表达载体pCAMBIA3301-RSP-Cry8-like-nos。将该载体通过农杆菌介导法转入两个受体大豆品种吉农28和吉农42中,经PCR检测,吉农28和吉农42分别获得了17株和13株T_1阳性植株,36株和25株T_2阳性植株。T_2转基因植株Southern杂交结果显示,目的基因以单拷贝的形式整合到大豆基因组中。荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,Cry8-like在转基因植株幼根得到了表达,而非转化受体对照未检测到荧光信号。室内抗暗黑鳃金龟幼虫鉴定结果表明,转基因植株提高了抗暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的能力。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2015,(5)
为幼龄动物提供优质的大豆饲料,同时有效抑制α'亚基和β亚基基因表达量,根据dsRNAi原理,以α'亚基基因RNAi重组植物表达载体p CAMBIA3301-PFNZ-BADH为基础,构建以BADH安全标记为筛选标记的α'亚基和β亚基基因双价RNAi植物表达载体。用根癌农杆菌介导法转化大豆子叶节,并对再生植株进行分子生物学检测。结果表明:成功构建β-伴大豆球蛋白α'亚基和β亚基基因双价RNAi表达载体,并获得大豆转基因植株。T1转基因大豆植株经PCR检测得到11株阳性转化株,经Southern杂交检测证明构建的双价植物表达载体已经以1~2个拷贝整合到大豆基因组中,实时荧光定量PCR检测表明β-伴大豆球蛋白α'亚基和β亚基基因的表达被明显抑制。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2016,(6)
利用农杆菌介导法,以东北地区种植的9个大豆基因型和国外品种Williams82的子叶节为外植体,将抗虫基因cry1Iem转入栽培大豆品种中。共转化外植体1 459个,获得84棵再生植株。采用除草剂叶片涂抹法、PCR及Bar蛋白试纸条检测法对得到大豆再生植株进行鉴定,转cry1Iem基因大豆T_0阳性植株为61株。对部分T_1转基因植株的遗传分析表明,外源基因能够稳定遗传到下一代。通过对部分T_1阳性转基因植株进行Southern blot分析,证明目的基因片段均已整合到受体大豆的基因组DNA中,单拷贝率为22%左右。对获得的部分T_2材料进行了室内抗大豆食心虫鉴定,有2份转基因材料抗性较对照显著提高。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献