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1.
The serum concentration of bile acids was measured in dogs and cats with portosystemic venous anomalies (PSVA). In 14 dogs, the mean serum bile acid concentration after 12 hours of fasting was 61.7 +/- 68.7 mumol/L (normal, 2.3 +/- 0.4 mumol/L (SEM) and when measured 2 hours after a meal in 15 dogs was 229.9 +/- 87.7 mumol/L (normal, 8.3 +/- 2.2 mumol/L). The fasting serum bile acid concentration was within the normal range in 5 of 14 dogs. The postprandial concentration was determined in 3 of the 5 and in each case increased more than tenfold above the fasting value. The mean fasting serum bile acid concentration in 4 cats was 24.4 +/- 10.1 mumol/L (normal, 1.7 +/- 0.3 mumol/L) and in 2 of the cats increased to a mean of 120.6 mumol/L (normal, 8.3 +/- 0.8 mumol/L) 2 hours after feeding. The bile acid values in patients with PSVA were correlated with values for blood ammonia content, sulfobromophthalein (BSP) retention, and results of conventional tests of hepatic function. Bile acid concentrations were more sensitive than abnormalities in serum enzyme activities or BSP retention and equal in sensitivity to the ammonia tolerance test in detecting hepatobiliary insufficiency. Bile acid measurements were accomplished with less inconvenience to the patient and clinician, than tests of BSP excretion or ammonia tolerance. Used in combination with conventional laboratory tests for hepatic disease, pre- and postprandial serum bile acid concentrations appear to be a sensitive and specific indicator of hepatobiliary dysfunction of value in the diagnosis of PSVA in the dog and cat.  相似文献   

2.
To establish optimal imaging conditions for enhanced computed tomography (CT) for canine pancreatic tumors, 10 healthy beagles were subjected to dynamic CT. This technique was then applied to a dog with suspected insulinoma. The changes in mean peak enhancement and the delay time of the aorta and pancreas were determined. In normal beagles, maximal arterial and pancreatic CT enhancement was observed at 15 +/- 2 s (795 +/- 52 Housfield unit [HU]) and 28 +/- 9 s (118 +/- 16HU) after contrast medium injection, respectively. Multiphase enhanced CT was performed in a pug with suspected insulinoma using the CT protocol defined for the normal beagles with some parameters modified; the images were acquired at the arterial (14 s after contrast medium injection), pancreatic (after 28 s), and equilibrium (after 90 s) phases; scanning was followed by exploratory laparotomy. CT images were characterized by an enhanced mass in the left pancreatic lobe at the arterial phase, during which the difference between the CT values of the mass and normal pancreas was the highest. Histopathologic diagnosis of the pancreatic mass was insulinoma. Thus, it appears that enhanced CT imaging can be used to delineate the pancreas from a pancreatic mass, and it may be helpful in deciding the need for surgery.  相似文献   

3.
Medical records of 10 cats with transient clinical diabetes mellitus were reviewed. At the time diabetes was diagnosed, clinical signs included polyuria and polydipsia (10 cats), weight loss (8 cats), polyphagia (3 cats), lethargy (2 cats), and inappetence (1 cat). Mean (+/- SD) fasting blood glucose concentration was 454 +/- 121 mg/dL, mean blood glucose concentration during an 8-hour period (MBG/8 hours) was 378 +/- 72 mg/dL, and glycosuria and trace ketonuria were identified in 10 and 5 cats, respectively. Baseline serum insulin concentration was undetectable (6 cats) or within the reference range (4 cats) and serum insulin concentration did not increase after i.v. glucagon administration in any cat. Insulin-antagonistic drugs were being administered to 5 cats and concurrent disorders were identified in all cats. Management of diabetes included administration of glipizide (6 cats), insulin (3 cats), or both (1 cat), discontinuation of insulin-antagonistic drugs, and treatment of concurrent disorders. Insulin and glipizide treatment was discontinued 4-16 weeks (mean, 7 weeks) after the initial diagnosis of diabetes was confirmed. At the time treatment for diabetes was discontinued, clinical signs had resolved, mean fasting blood glucose concentration was 102 +/- 48 mg/dL, MBG/ 8 hours was 96 +/- 32 mg/dL, glycosuria and ketonuria were not identified in any cat, and concurrent disorders (except mild renal insufficiency in 1 cat) had resolved. Significant (P < .05) increases occurred in postglucagon serum insulin concentrations, insulin peak response, and total insulin secretion, compared with values obtained when clinical diabetes was diagnosed. Histologic abnormalities were identified in pancreatic islets of 5 cats in which pancreatic biopsies were obtained and included decreased number of islets (4 cats), islet amyloidosis (3 cats), and vacuolar degeneration of islet cells (3 cats). Mean beta cell density was significantly (P < .001) decreased in diabetic cats compared with control cats (1.4 +/- 0.7 versus 2.6 +/- 0.5%, respectively). Cells within islets stained positive for insulin, however, the number of insulin-staining cells per islet and the intensity of insulin staining were decreased in 5 and 2 cats, respectively. Clinical diabetes had not recurred in 1 cat after 6 years, in 4 cats lost to follow-up after 1.5, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 years, and in 2 cats that died 6 months and 5.5 years after clinical diabetes resolved. Clinical diabetes recurred in 3 cats after 6 months, 14 months, and 3.4 years, respectively. These findings suggest that cats with transient clinical diabetes have pancreatic islet pathology, including decreased beta cell density, and that treatment of diabetes and concurrent disorders results in improved beta cell function, reestablishment of euglycemia, and a transition from a clinical to subclinical diabetic state.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) in response to administration of ceruletide to healthy cats. ANIMALS: 11 healthy cats. PROCEDURES: Serum fTLI was determined, using a radioimmunoassay, before and 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes after IM administration of ceruletide (0.3 mg/kg [0.14 mg/lb]). RESULTS: Mean +/- SD baseline serum fTLI was 23.1 +/- 4.1 mg/L. There was a statistically significant, but clinically unimportant, increase in serum fTLI 10 and 30 minutes after ceruletide administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In healthy cats, administration of ceruletide induced a statistically significant, but clinically unimportant, increase in serum fTLI. Whether responses in cats with exocrine pancreatic disorders would be different is unknown, but results suggest that a ceruletide stimulation test would likely not be useful for differentiating between healthy cats and cats with subclinical chronic exocrine pancreatic disorders.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether feeding causes a change in feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) in serum from healthy cats. ANIMALS: 6 healthy domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURES: For the first 12 days of the study, 3 cats were fed a high-protein, high-fat (diet 1), and the other 3 were fed a maintenance (diet 2). On day 12, diets were switched, and cats were fed the other diet for the remaining 12 days of the study. On days 11 and 23, food was withheld for 24 hours, and baseline serum fTLI was measured. Cats were offered food equivalent to half their daily caloric maintenance requirements, and serum fTLI was measured 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours later. Uneaten food was removed after 1 hour. RESULTS: Overall mean +/- SD serum fTLI was 22.7 +/- 5.8 micrograms/L when cats were fed diet 1 and 21.1 +/- 5.0 micrograms/L when cats were fed diet 2. There was no significant difference in serum fTLI over time or between diets. However, there was a statistically significant, but clinically unimportant (mean increase, 1.7 micrograms/L), increase in serum fTLI, compared with baseline values, 1 hour after cats were fed diet 2 but not when cats were fed diet 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A maintenance diet may cause a clinically unimportant increase in serum fTLI 1 hour after feeding in healthy cats. Results suggest that for healthy cats, it is not necessary to withhold food before collecting samples for determination of fTLI in serum. Whether feeding changes fTLI in serum from cats with disorders of the exocrine portion of the pancreas remains to be determined.  相似文献   

6.
Steady-state serum digoxin concentration ([digoxin]) was measured for 48 hours in 6 healthy cats after they were treated with digoxin tablets (0.01 mg/kg of body weight, q 48 h) for 10 days and again after concurrent treatment of identical duration with orally administered digoxin, aspirin (80 mg, q 48 h), furosemide (2 mg/kg, q 12 h), and a commercial low-salt diet. The concurrent treatment substantially altered digoxin pharmacokinetic properties, with a resultant increase in peak (mean +/- SEM; from 2.1 +/- 0.35 to 3.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml), 8-hour (from 1.4 +/- 0.35 to 2.5 +/- 0.64 ng/ml), and 48-hour mean (from 1.1 +/- 0.22 to 2.2 +/- 0.57 ng/ml) serum [digoxin]; an increase in the number of hours during which serum [digoxin] was in the toxic range (from 3 +/- 1.7 to 24.7 +/- 9.8 h); and a decrease in oral clearance (from 0.15 +/- 0.04 to 0.08 +/- 0.02 L/h.kg). Of these differences, all but the 8-hour serum [digoxin] were significant at P less than 0.05. Similar sampling procedures were performed in 3 cats after administration of digoxin alone (0.01 mg/kg, q 48 h) until steady-state conditions were reached (10 days) and again after an additional 10 days of treatment. Differences were not noticed in digoxin pharmacokinetic properties. Eight-hour serum [digoxin] was shown to correlate closely with the mean serum [digoxin] at steady-state conditions when digoxin was administered every 48 hours. Variation in digoxin pharmacokinetic properties was noticed between cats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

7.
X‐ray attenuation of the liver has been measured using computed tomography (CT) and reported to decrease in cats with experimentally induced hepatic lipidosis. To assess the clinical utility of this technique, medical records and noncontrast CT scans of a series of cats were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 112 cats met inclusion criteria and were stratified into three hepatic lipidosis risk groups. Group 1 cats were considered low‐risk based on no history of inappetence or weight loss, and normal serum chemistry values; Group 2 cats were considered intermediate risk based on weight loss, serum hepatic enzymes above normal limits, or reasonably controlled diabetes mellitus; and Group 3 cats were considered high risk based on poorly controlled diabetes mellitus due to hypersomatotropism. Mean CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units, HU) were measured using regions of interest placed within the liver and cranial pole of the right kidney. Hepatic and renal attenuation were weakly positively correlated with each other (r = 0.2, P = 0.03) and weakly negatively correlated with body weight (r = ?0.21, P = 0.05, and r = ?0.34, P = 0.001, respectively). Mean (SD) hepatic and renal cortical attenuation values were 70.7 (8.7) HU and 49.6 (9.2) HU for Group 1 cats, 71.4 (7.9) HU and 48.6 (9.1) HU for Group 2, and 68.9 (7.6) HU and 47.6 (7.2) HU for Group 3. There were no significant differences in hepatic or renal attenuation among groups. Findings indicated that CT measures of X‐ray attenuation in the liver and kidney may not be accurate predictors of naturally occurring hepatic lipidosis in cats.  相似文献   

8.
We studied the computed tomographic (CT) appearance and determined Hounsfield units (HU) for normal thyroid tissue in eight cats. Helical CT images (2 mm collimation) were acquired from cranial aspect of the second cervical vertebra (C2) through caudal aspect of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4). Data were acquired before contrast medium administration (n = 7), after delayed contrast medium enhancement (n = 8), and immediately after contrast medium enhancement after a second dose of contrast medium (n = 8). Attenuation of thyroid tissue was compared with surrounding tissues. Before contrast medium enhancement, thyroid tissue was hyperattenuating to the surrounding soft tissues. After delayed contrast medium enhancement, thyroid tissue was hyperattenuating to surrounding soft tissues and isoattenuating to contrast medium-laden blood vessels. Immediately after contrast medium enhancement, thyroid tissue was hyperattenuating to surrounding soft tissues and hypoattenuating to contrast medium-laden blood vessels. The thyroid glands were dorsolateral to the trachea, ovoid, and displayed homogenous contrast medium enhancement. Circular regions of interest were drawn on the right and left thyroid lobes. Densitometric data of thyroid tissue were as follows: precontrast medium enhancement, 123.2 HU (95% CI: 119.4-127.1 HU); delayed contrast medium enhancement, 132.1 HU (95% CI: 127.4-136.8 HU); immediate postcontrast medium enhancement, 168.5 HU (95% CI: 163-173.9 HU). Normal feline thyroid tissue is easily detected using CT without contrast medium enhancement. This information may be useful for CT evaluation of abnormal feline thyroid glands.  相似文献   

9.
We conducted a retrospective study in presumed normal dogs to determine the adrenal gland attenuation and volume values. Multidetector computer tomography (MDCT 16) analysis of the gland was carried out in 48 adult dogs without evidence of adrenal gland disease that underwent CT examination for acute spinal injuries. The mean nonenhanced attenuation value +/- SD of the left adrenal gland was 36.0 +/- 5.3 HU (range: 22.0-42.0 HU). The mean nonenhanced attenuation value +/- SD of the right gland was 34.3 +/- 7.0 HU (range: 20.4-48.6HU). The mean enhanced attenuation value +/- SD were: left gland 101.5 +/- 10.6HU (range: 86.8-128.0 HU), and right gland 97.4 +/- 12.4 HU (range: 58.9-123.6 HU). The mean CT volume +/- SD were: left gland was 0.60 cm3 (range: 0.20-0.95; SD 0.17), and right gland (0.55cm3, range: 0.22-1.01; SD 0.19). Attenuation values and volume data were related to age, weight, and gender, using ANOVA. There was no statistically significant difference between the left and right side or in adrenal measurements, because of body weight class effects. The animal effect was the most important source of variation for all adrenal measurements. Based on our study, CT is an effective method for assessing adrenal characteristics in the dog. Normative CT data are provided to allow estimation of normal adrenal gland size and volume.  相似文献   

10.
Serum feline trypsinogen-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) concentrations and abdominal ultrasound have facilitated the noninvasive diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats, but low sensitivities (33% and 20–35%, respectively) have been reported. A radioimmunoassay has been validated to measure feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI), but the assay's sensitivity and specificity have not been established. In human beings, the sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) is high (75–90%), but in a study of 10 cats, only 2 had CT changes suggestive of pancreatitis. We prospectively evaluated these diagnostic tests in cats with and without pancreatitis. In all cats, serum was obtained for fTLI and fPLI concentrations, and pancreatic ultrasound images and biopsies were acquired. Serum fPLI concentrations ( P <.0001) and ultrasound findings ( P = .0073) were significantly different between healthy cats and cats with pancreatitis. Serum fTLI concentrations ( P = .15) and CT measurements ( P = .18) were not significantly different between the groups. The sensitivity of fTLI in cats with moderate to severe pancreatitis was 80%, and the specificity in healthy cats was 75%. Feline PLI concentrations were both sensitive in cats with moderate to severe pancreatitis (100%) and specific in the healthy cats (100%). Abdominal ultrasound was both sensitive in cats with moderate to severe pancreatitis (80%) and specific in healthy cats (88%). The high sensitivities of fPLI and abdominal ultrasound suggest that these tests should play an important role in the noninvasive diagnosis of feline pancreatitis. As suggested by a previous study, pancreatic CT is not a useful diagnostic test for feline pancreatitis.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plasma glipizide concentration and its relationship to plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy cats administered glipizide orally or transdermally. ANIMALS-15 healthy adult laboratory-raised cats. PROCEDURE: Cats were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups (5 mg of glipizide, PO or transdermally) and a control group. Blood samples were collected 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes and 4, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 hours after administration to determine concentrations of insulin, glucose, and glipizide. RESULTS: Glipizide was detected in all treated cats. Mean +/- SD transdermal absorption was 20 +/- 14% of oral absorption. Mean maximum glipizide concentration was reached 5.0 +/- 3.5 hours after oral and 16.0 +/- 4.5 hours after transdermal administration. Elimination half-life was variable (16.8 +/- 12 hours orally and 15.5 +/- 15.3 hours transdermally). Plasma glucose concentrations decreased in all treated cats, compared with concentrations in control cats. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower 2 to 6 hours after oral administration, compared with after transdermal application; concentrations were similar between treatment groups and significantly lower than for control cats 10 to 24 hours after treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Transdermal absorption of glipizide was low and inconsistent, but analysis of our results indicated that it did affect plasma glucose concentrations. Transdermal administration of glipizide is not equivalent to oral administration. Formulation, absorption, and stability studies are required before clinical analysis can be performed. Transdermal administration of glipizide cannot be recommended for clinical use at this time.  相似文献   

12.
Administration of triiodothyronine (liothyronine, 15 micrograms, q 8 h, for 6 treatments) caused marked decrease in serum concentration of thyroxine (T4) and estimates of free T4 (fT4) concentration in clinically normal cats. A prospective clinical study was done to evaluate the use of this suppression test for diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in cats with clinical signs suggestive of the disease, but lacking high serum concentration of iodothyronines. Twenty-three cats were confirmed as hyperthyroid on the basis of histologic changes in the thyroid gland or clinical improvement in response to administration of methimazole. Mean +/- SD serum concentration of T4 (34.3 +/- 12.7 to 31.3 +/- 11.5 nmol/L) and estimate of fT4 concentration (26.6 +/- 6.4 to 25.6 +/- 6.9 pmol/L) did not change after administration of liothyronine to these cats. Twenty-three cats were classified as nonhyperthyroid by histologic confirmation of other disease, abnormal results of other diagnostic tests that strongly supported primary disease other than hyperthyroidism, or spontaneous remission of weight loss without treatment. Mean +/- SD serum concentration of T4 (27.9 +/- 10.3 to 11.7 +/- 6.4 nmol/L) and estimate of fT4 concentration (21.7 +/- 5.4 to 10.4 +/- 4.4 pmol/L) decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) in response to administration of liothyronine. Discriminant analysis was used to identify variables from iodothyronine assays (eg, absolute concentration of T4 or absolute estimate of fT4 concentration, or changes of T4 or fT4 concentration) that provided the best diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype of leukocytes infiltrating the duodenal mucosa of cats with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by using immunohistochemistry and computer-aided morphometry to assess whether immunologic markers would aid in characterization of IBD. Frozen and formalin-fixed duodenal biopsies were collected from cats referred for investigation of chronic vomiting, diarrhea, or both (n = 34). Reference ranges were previously established by using duodenal samples from healthy cats (n = 16). No significant difference was found in the number of immunoglobulin G+ (IgG+) or IgA+ in either the villous lamina propria or the crypt lamina propria between cats with IBD and control cats. T cells (CD3+) increased in number from crypt to the tip of the villi in biopsies from both diseased (mean +/- SD for each group was 18.8 +/- 6.6 and 17.7 +/- 4.2 cells/ 10,000 m2 in cryptal areas to 25.2 +/- 9.5 and 29.1 +/- 13.3 cells/10,000m2 in villous areas) and healthy animals (17.9 +/- 3.9 cells/10,000 microm2 in cryptal areas to 24.1 +/- 9.3 cells/10,000 microm2 in villous areas) and no significant difference was found between diseased and control cats. By contrast, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression by leukocytes with dendritic cell or macrophage morphology in the lamina propria was significantly greater in cats with IBD (13.3 +/- 4.2 cells/10,000 microm2 in cryptal area; P = .016) than in healthy cats (11.9 +/- 3.0 cells/10,000 microm2) and MHC class II expression by enterocytes also was more pronounced in these cats showing an overall intensity of expression of 7.1 +/- 4.0 cells/10,000 microm2 in cats with IBD as opposed to 0.0 +/- 0.0 cells/10,000 microm2 to 0.3 +/- 0.7 cells/10,000 microm2 in healthy cats. These findings suggest that a subtle immunologic dysregulation occurs in spontaneously arising feline IBD.  相似文献   

14.
Hyperthyroidism is the most common feline endocrinopathy; thyroid computed tomography (CT) may improve disease detection and methimazole dose selection. Objectives of this experimental pre‐post with historical case‐control study were to perform thyroid CT imaging in awake or mildly sedated hyperthyroid cats, compare thyroid gland CT appearance in euthyroid and hyperthyroid cats pre‐ and postmethimazole treatment, and determine whether thyroid size or attenuation correlate with methimazole dose needed for euthyroidism. Premethimazole treatment, eight hyperthyroid cats received CT scans from the head to heart, which were compared to CT of seven euthyroid cats. Total thyroxine levels were monitored every 3–4 weeks. Postmethimazole CT was performed 30 days after achieving euthyroid status. Computed tomography parameters recorded included thyroid length, width, height, attenuation, and heterogeneity. Median time between CT was 70 days (53–213 days). Mild sedation was needed in five hyperthyroid cats premethimazole, and none postmethimazole. Thyroid volume was significantly larger in hyperthyroid cats compared to euthyroid cats (785.0 mm3 vs. 154.9 mm3; P = 0.002) and remained unchanged by methimazole treatment (?4.5 mm3; P = 0.50). Thyroid attenuation and heterogeneity decreased with methimazole treatment (96.1 HU vs. 85.9 HU; P = 0.02. 12.4 HU vs. 8.1 HU; P = 0.009). Methimazole dose ranged from 2.5 to 10 mg daily with a positive correlation between pretreatment thyroid gland volume and dose needed to achieve euthyroidism (P = 0.03). Euthyroid and hyperthyroid cats are easily imaged awake or mildly sedated with CT. Methimazole in hyperthyroid cats significantly lowers thyroid attenuation and heterogeneity, but not size.  相似文献   

15.
The present study sought to determine the spectrum of diseases associated with subnormal concentrations of serum cobalamin in cats undergoing investigation of suspected gastrointestinal problems. The solid-phase boil radioassay (RA) for cobalamin employed in the present study was immunologically specific, precise, and accurate, with a sensitivity of 15 pg/mL. The RA yielded results that strongly correlated with those obtained by bioassay (Spearmann rho = .805; P < .0001), although the absolute values were lower for the RA. Forty-nine of 80 serum samples submitted during the period of January 1996-January 1998 had cobalamin concentrations below the reference range for healthy cats (range 900-2,800 pg/mL; mean +/- SD, 1,775 +/- 535 pg/mL; n = 33). Cats with subnormal cobalamin concentrations (mean +/- SD; 384 +/- 272 pg/mL, range 3-883 pg/mL) were middle-aged or older and were presented for weight loss. diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, and thickened intestines. Definitive diagnoses in 22 cats included inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal lymphoma, cholangiohepatitis or cholangits, and pancreatic inflammation. Serum concentrations of cobalamin were particularly low in cats with intestinal lymphoma, three-fifths of whom also had subnormal serum concentrations of folate (< 9 ng/mL). The simultaneous presence of disease in the intestines, pancreas, or hepatobiliary system in many cats made it difficult to determine the cause of subnormal cobalamin concentrations. The circulating half-life of parenteral cyanocobalamin was shorter in 2 cats with IBD (5 days) than in 4 healthy cats (12.75 days). The presence of subnormal serum concentrations of cobalamin in 49 of 80 cats evaluated suggests that the measurement of serum cobalamin may be a useful indirect indicator of enteric or pancreatic disease in cats. The rapid depletion of circulating cobalamin in cats suggests that cats may be highly susceptible to cobalamin deficiency. However, the relationship of subnormal serum cobalamin concentrations to cobalamin deficiency and the effect of cobalamin deficiency on cats remain to be determined.  相似文献   

16.
The present study was designed to assess the clinical usefulness of measurement of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and its isoenzymes in cats with urinary disease. Thirty-five healthy cats and 9 cats with renal disease were used. Furthermore, a 5-year-old female cat was administered a large amount of sulfonamide in order to induce acute renal failure, and urine samples were collected for the assay of NAG activity and its isoenzymes. Urinary NAG activity was measured using p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide, and expressed as units per gram of urinary creatinine (NAG index). Urinary NAG isoenzymes were assayed by use of the mini-column method and electrophoresis. The overall mean value of urinary NAG index in healthy cats was 1.6+/-1.5 U/g. Urinary NAG index varied from 6.2 to 35.5 U/g in cats with chronic renal failure. There was no significant correlation between BUN, serum creatinine concentration and urinary NAG index. In cats with feline lower urinary tract disease, normal values of urinary NAG index were observed. In the urine samples of healthy cats, the proportions of NAG isoenzyme A (NAG-A) and isoenzyme B (NAG-B) were 79.1+/-4.4% and 21.0+/-4.4%, respectively, as assayed by the mini-column method. In the assay of NAG isoenzymes by electrophoresis, the proportions of NAG-A and NAG-B in healthy cats were 66.6+/-5.8% and 33.4+/-5.8%, respectively. The proportion of NAG-B as measured by electrophoresis was significantly larger (p<0.05) than that obtained with the mini column method. A feline case of acute renal failure experimentally-induced by sulfonamide showed elevation of urinary NAG index, NAG-A and NAG-B after injection of sulfonamide. The increase in NAG-B was larger than that of NAG-A. From the results reported here, measurement of urinary NAG and its isoenzymes seems to yield information about tubular damage at an early stage in cats with urinary disease.  相似文献   

17.
Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EPP) and blood lead concentrations were determined in 91 clinically healthy cats living in the inner suburban area of Sydney, Australia. The mean EPP concentration was 223.4 +/- 186.1 micrograms litre-1 whole blood and the mean blood lead concentration 0.62 +/- 0.25 mumol litre-1. EPP concentrations were also monitored in three cats with confirmed lead toxicity--at the time of diagnosis and one week and one month after chelation therapy with calcium EDTA. EPP concentrations were elevated in two cats and within the normal range in the third cat at the time of diagnosis. EPP concentration were higher in two cats one week after treatment than at the time of diagnosis. One month after chelation therapy, EPP concentrations were normal in two cats but still substantially elevated in the third cat although its blood lead concentration had returned to normal and all clinical signs of lead toxicity had resolved. It was determined that the predominant form of protoporphyrin present in cats with lead toxicity was zinc protoporphyrin. The EPP assay may have limited value in the diagnosis of acute lead toxicity and in monitoring the success of chelation therapy in cats.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intestinal permeability and absorption in healthy cats in association with diet and normal intestinal microflora. ANIMALS: 6 healthy domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE: A sugar solution containing D-xylose, 30-methyl-D-glucose, L-rhamnose, lactulose, and 51Cr-EDTA was administered intragastrically to healthy cats, and urinary excretion of ingested sugars was determined 5 hours after administration. After the same cats had received metronidazole for 1 month, the study was repeated. A final study was performed while cats were maintained on a new diet differing in composition and processing. RESULTS: Lactulose-to-rhamnose ratios, reflecting intestinal permeability, were higher in cats, compared with values for humans or dogs, and values obtained before and after metronidazole administration (mean +/- SEM; before, 0.40 +/- 0.08; after, 0.45 +/- 0.09) were not significantly different. Intestinal absorption also was unaltered after antibiotic administration, and the xylose-to-glucose ratio was 0.70 +/- 0.03 before and 0.71 +/- 0.06 after metronidazole administration. Sugar recovery did not differ significantly while cats were maintained on canned or dry food. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reference ranges were established for the percentage urinary recovery of orally administered D-xylose, 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, L-rhamnose, lactulose, and 51Cr-EDTA obtained after 5 hours in healthy cats. The intestines of cats appear to be more permeable than those of other species, although the normal bacterial microflora does not appear to influence the integrity or function of the feline intestine, because values obtained for the measured variables before or after antibiotic administration were not significantly different. In addition, differences were not detected when the diet was completely altered.  相似文献   

19.
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20.
The antithyroid drug methimazole is widely used for the medical management of feline hyperthyroidism. Recently, custom veterinary pharmacies have offered methimazole in a transdermal gel containing pluronic and lecithin (PLO), with anecdotal evidence of efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioavailability, relative to i.v. and oral routes of administration, of transdermal methimazole in a PLO gel in cats. Six healthy adult cats were assigned to receive 5 mg of methimazole by the i.v., oral, or transdermal routes, in a randomized triple crossover protocol with 1 week washout between doses. Blood samples were taken for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of serum methimazole, at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 min, and 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after dosing. Methimazole absorption following transdermal administration was poor and variable, with only two of six cats achieving detectable serum methimazole concentrations at any time point following transdermal administration. Area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), and absolute bioavailability were all significantly lower for the transdermal route (0.39 +/- 0.63 microg h/mL, 0.05 +/- 0.09 microg/mL, and 11.4 +/- 18.7%, respectively) than for either i.v. (7.96 +/- 4.38 microg h/mL, 3.34 +/- 2.00 microg/mL, 100%) or oral routes (2.94 +/- 1.24 microg h/mL, 0.51 +/- 0.15 microg/mL, 40.4 +/- 8.1%). The results of this study indicate generally low to undetectable bioavailability of methimazole in a lecithin/pluronic gel given as a single transdermal dose to healthy cats, although one individual cat did achieve nearly 100% transdermal bioavailability relative to the oral route.  相似文献   

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