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大豆双行侧深施肥免耕播种机关键部件设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《大豆科学》2015,(6)
针对免耕播种条件下,播种机易于拖堆、堵塞,难以实现深施肥,设计了大豆双行免耕播种机。该机采用限深轮限深、锐角入土施肥铲开沟施肥,然后双圆盘开沟器在肥沟两侧开出种沟,实现垄上双行播种侧深施肥。平板限深轮的直径为300 mm、宽度为200 mm;施肥铲的入土角为40°、入土隙角为10°、圆弧曲率半径为310 mm;双圆盘开沟器两圆盘直径分别为320 mm、间距为130 mm、工作偏角为7°。通过田间试验,结果表明:在播种过程中无堵塞,通过性好;播种深度合格率达90%以上,变异系数小于27.9%;种肥垂直距离合格率90%以上,变异系数小于13.6%,种肥水平距离合格率大于85%,变异系数小于23.8%,能够保证大豆播种的种肥距离要求;晾种情况为0.1粒·m-1,左右行平均出苗数为1.02株·d-1·m-1。该机可满足黑龙江地区大豆免耕播种的农艺要求。 相似文献
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本文介绍了“农甜1GZ—2型耕作多用机”的技术性能和特点.重点分析了甜菜挖掘部件与播种单体的主要参数.阐述了挖松铲的入土角(α)与挖掘阻力、土壤应力影响区域的关系.分析了分种简的高度(H)和相应安装角度(α_0 ).并找出了较佳参数.本机无论是播种还是起挖甜菜,各项指标均达到了设计要求. 相似文献
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大豆垄三栽培技术是以深松、深施肥和精量播种三项技术为核心的大豆综合高产栽培技术,正常情况均可增产15%～20%。深松的深度以打破犁底层、加深耕作层为标准,一般深松深度以25～30厘米为宜。全方位土壤深 相似文献
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不同耕作技术模式对土壤理化性状及大豆产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以退化黑土为对象,对7种耕作技术模式下土壤物理、化学特性进行研究.结果表明:"测土施肥+浅翻深松+秸秆还田"和"测土施肥+浅翻深松+有机肥"2种技术模式降低容重、提高田间持水量的效果最好.与原垄种相比,各种技术模式对土壤有机质都有一定的提升作用,且以加有机肥和加秸秆还田的2种模式效果相对最佳,分别增加17.8%、22.4%;"测土施肥+浅翻深松"和"测土施肥+浅翻深松+有机肥"2种技术模式对大豆生长发育具有明显的促进作用,与常规施肥+原垄种相比分别增产9.7%和5.7%.不同技术模式中以浅翻深松加秸秆还田和有机肥的处理对改良退化土壤效果最好. 相似文献
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黑龙江省三江平原大豆抗涝防旱土壤耕作技术探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以三江平原小三江腹地具有代表性的地区二道河农场为试验基点，通过对此地区土壤容重、耕作时期、耕作方法等技术指标的测定，该地区获得大豆高产稳产的适宜土壤容重为0．95－1．1g/cm^3；秋季耕翻可提高土壤耕层的水分含量，起到保墒的作用，产量增加；在耕作方法上以深松（深度30cm以上）耕作为主，通过垄作（55－70cm）栽培可提高土壤温度，解决了该地区早春低温对大豆生长的影响。 相似文献
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耕作方式对连作大豆生长发育及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用秋旋耕起垄、秋深松旋耕起垄、春旋耕起垄和春顶浆打垄4种土壤耕作方式,进行田间大区试验,以探讨土壤耕作方式对连作大豆生长发育及产量的影响。试验结果表明,秋旋耕起垄和秋深松旋耕起垄出苗率高于春旋耕起垄和春顶浆打垄,出苗率均达85%以上,秋整地大豆生育期间干重、根瘤重和叶面积指数均高于春整地,秋旋耕起垄大豆根际微生物总数最多,细菌和放线菌数量明显高于春顶浆打垄。秋季整地地下害虫——蛴螬（Holotrichia diomphalia Bates）危害率比春季整地低10%左右,春顶浆打垄危害率高达34.3%。秋整地大豆的灰斑病发生程度、籽粒紫斑粒率和虫食率均低于春整地,秋整地产量较春整地增产16%以上,从本试验可以看出黑龙江省黑土平原区秋整地对连作大豆效果更好。 相似文献
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不同秸秆还田模式对大豆根系分布的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对免耕、灭茬还田和传统耕作条件下大豆根系在土壤剖面中的垂直分布的变化规律进行了研究,为改善在保护性耕作条件下大豆根系发育条件提供参考。结果表明,免耕、灭茬还田和传统耕作模式的根长、根表面积、根体积及根干重均主要分布于土壤剖面0～10 cm深度。在0～10 cm深度内,不同耕作模式之间的根体积密度、根干重密度差异显著,其中免耕模式最低。在10～20 cm深度内,免耕模式根长密度、根表面积密度、根体积密度和根干重密度最低,其根长、根表面积、根体积和根干重占土壤剖面比例最低。土壤剖面根长、根表面积、根体积和根干重累加值亦表现为免耕最低,灭茬还田与传统耕作差异不显著。灭茬还田模式的根长密度、根表面积密度、根体积密度及根干重密度与传统耕作差异不显著,同时其根长、根表面积、根体积及根干重的垂直分布与传统耕作间差异亦不显著。土壤机械阻力和根长密度、根表面积密度、根体积密度及根干重密度呈显著负相关,土壤机械阻力是限制免耕模式大豆根系发育的重要因素。 相似文献
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通过云南典型的红壤坡耕地对土壤实施深松+旋耕15 cm(SRT)、深松+免耕(SNT)、深松+翻耕20 cm(SP1)、深松+翻耕30 cm(SP2)、旋耕15 cm(RT)、免耕(NT)、翻耕20 cm(P1)和翻耕30 cm(P2)8种耕作方式,研究对玉米的根系根条数、根直径、入土角度、根幅、生物量及根系抗拔力等的影响。结果表明,深松+翻耕20 cm处理能增加玉米根条数、根系入土角度和10 cm土层处根系生长幅度,增大根系生物量,尤其是深层土壤(20～30 cm)根系生物量,同时对玉米产量也具有提高作用。深松+翻耕30 cm处理能增大根系的垂直抗拔力。因此,土壤通过深耕处理能改善玉米根系构型和分布,进而增强玉米根系抗倒伏能力。 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2001,69(1):27-40
An experiment was conducted on two soils in a semiarid area in the Spain’s Ebro valley. Soil A was a Fluventic Xerochrept of 120 cm depth and Soil B was a Lithic Xeric Torriorthent of 30 cm depth. Three tillage systems were compared in Soil A: subsoiler tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage, and two (minimum tillage and no-tillage) in Soil B. The experiment was repeated for 5 years on Soil A and 3 years on Soil B. Root length density, volumetric water content and dry matter were measured at important developmental stages. Yield was determined at harvest. In Soil A, root length density and volumetric water content were significantly greater for no-tillage than for subsoiler or minimum tillage (up to 1.4 cm cm−3 and 5%, respectively), mainly in the upper part of the soil profile. At lower depths, differences as great as 0.8 cm cm−3 and 6% were also found. Mean yield (4 years) was similar between no-tillage (3608 kg ha−1) and minimum tillage (3508 kg ha−1), and significantly smaller for subsoiler tillage (3371 kg ha−1). In Soil B, no differences were observed between tillage systems for volumetric water content. Significant interactions between tillage and year were found for root length density, dry matter and yield. Mean yield (3 years) was not significantly different for minimum tillage (1806 kg ha−1) and no-tillage (1867 kg ha−1). The results in Soil A showed that surface conditions are of major importance in the water content of the soil and determined the differences among tillage systems. No-tillage favoured greater and deeper water accumulation in the soil profile and greater root growth. This makes this system potentially better for years of low rainfall. In Soil B no tillage system proved to be better because of the low water-holding capacity of this soil (56 mm). 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):79-85
AbstractReduced tillage systems are gaining popularity but weed control is often a limiting factor in the adoption of such systems. Cover crops have become a viable option for sustainable agriculture because of its contribution to soil fertility and improved crop performance. However, the contribution of cover crops to weed management is not clearly defined. We compared minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) with conventional tillage (CT) for their effects on wheat growth in an original paddy land clay soil in the presence of Chinese milk vetch as a cover crop. Cover crop biomass, weed emergence, main crop growth and yield and soil penetration resistance were examined. Chinese milk vetch was successfully established under MT and CT but not under NT, which retarded its growth resulting in a significantly large biomass of all weed species. Weed suppression was more effective when the cover crop was broadcasted than row seeded. The presence of milk vetch as a cover crop significantly suppressed weed growth under MT especially at the late stage of growth and resulted in a comparable grain yield to that under CT. Although soil penetration resistance under MT remained high throughout the period of wheat growth, milk vetch could be effectively utilized as a cover crop under MT and wheat grain yield under MT was comparable to that under CT without mulch treatment. 相似文献
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研究土壤水分、玉米光合特性及产量对秸秆不同还田耕作技术的响应,为半湿润区水分、光能高效利用及玉米增产栽培模式提供理论依据。2018和2019年,采用秸秆还田和土壤耕作相结合的方法,设置秸秆离田旋耕起垄（CK）、秸秆深翻还田（SP）、免耕秸秆覆盖还田（SC）、秸秆覆盖深松（SS）4个处理。研究结果表明,2018和2019年各生育时期土壤含水率、叶面积指数、叶片的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr,SS处理均显著高于CK处理。与CK相比,SS、SP、SC处理2018和2019年的玉米产量分别增加13.88%和14.82%、7.59%和9.12%、7.42%和8.5%。秸秆条带覆盖深松技术适合作为半湿润区水分、光能高效利用和玉米增产的一种优化栽培技术进行推广应用。 相似文献
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Tillage effects,soil quality and production potential of kikuyu–ryegrass pastures in South Africa 
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下载免费PDF全文 P. A. Swanepoel J. Habig C. C. du Preez H. A. Snyman P. R. Botha 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(2):308-321
Soil quality of tillage systems receives much attention worldwide, although few studies attempt to link soil quality to yield. Partial least‐squares regression analysis is a suitable method to construct predictive models around plural, highly collinear factors, such as soil quality and its effects on yield. This study aimed at identifying the soil quality properties which best model pasture herbage yield by relating soil quality indicators with variations in yield as a result of soil disturbance caused by tillage. The study was conducted on kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) over‐sown with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) using different tillage methods. Tillage methods involved over‐sowing kikuyu with ryegrass using a minimum‐tillage seed drill, eradication of kikuyu with herbicide and ryegrass sown with a minimum‐tillage planter, shallow and deep disturbance, and a control. Most changes in soil quality indicators as a result of soil tillage were observed shortly after tillage and occurred mostly at the 0–100 mm soil layer. Few of these effects were still visible 420 d after tillage. Microbiological indicators changed most in response to the treatments, but unlike the chemical and physical indicators, microbiological indicators have no causal link to pasture production. The contribution of individual soil quality indicators to variance in pasture productivity could not be isolated and should thus be seen as complex processes which affect yield. Although mechanisms of how some soil quality indicators affect yield is clear, more research is required to determine mechanisms of how a combination of multiple soil quality indicators affects yield. 相似文献
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综述不同耕作措施下土壤团聚体稳定性和孔隙结构特征的研究进展，归纳总结影响土壤结构稳定性的主要因素。结果表明，与传统翻耕相比，免耕、深松及其秸秆覆盖还田增加表层土壤大团聚体含量及稳定性，提高大孔隙数量和孔隙度。轮耕系统对土壤结构的影响在不同气候区域和土壤类型间差异较大。土壤结构稳定性与铁铝氧化物形态变化、有机质含量、蚯蚓数量、微生物和线虫丰度及多样性、根系构型及其分泌物、干湿交替及冻融交替次数等因素相关。针对目前研究现状，提出建立长期保护性耕作和轮耕体系监测系统，从铁铝氧化物形态变化、土壤微食物网结构和功能、根系驱动等研究方向进一步解析旱地耕作对土壤结构的影响机制。 相似文献
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2009年采用大区试验,在前茬小麦免耕和耕作方式下,自然条件下对夏玉米田进行土壤含水量变化及夏玉米产量比较研究。结果表明,2009年夏玉米整个生育期降雨量为339.5 mm,前茬小麦两种耕作方式在不同时期不同土层的土壤平均含水量都在13%以上,并且两种方式不同土层平均含水量差异不显著;在夏玉米需水高峰期,相应的有效降水使土壤含水量能够满足夏玉米生长的需要。前茬小麦免耕和耕作下玉米平均产量分别为7 839.2、8 074.5 kg/hm2,差异不显著。因此,前茬小麦免耕可节省劳动量,防止水土流失,保护土壤结构,消除犁底层对作物根系生长与养分吸收的影响。 相似文献