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1.
Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhang JV Ren PG Avsian-Kretchmer O Luo CW Rauch R Klein C Hsueh AJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5750):996-999
Ghrelin, a circulating appetite-inducing hormone, is derived from a prohormone by posttranslational processing. On the basis of the bioinformatic prediction that another peptide also derived from proghrelin exists, we isolated a hormone from rat stomach and named it obestatin-a contraction of obese, from the Latin "obedere," meaning to devour, and "statin," denoting suppression. Contrary to the appetite-stimulating effects of ghrelin, treatment of rats with obestatin suppressed food intake, inhibited jejunal contraction, and decreased body-weight gain. Obestatin bound to the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39. Thus, two peptide hormones with opposing action in weight regulation are derived from the same ghrelin gene. After differential modification, these hormones activate distinct receptors. 相似文献
2.
探究不同抗精神病药物(APDs)短期作用对MK801诱导的精神分裂症模型小鼠体质量、摄食、糖脂代谢以及动物行为学的影响.将60只雄性昆明小鼠随机分成5组,分别给予连续7 d的生理盐水, MK801, MK801加氟哌啶醇(2.0 mg/kg)(HAL), MK801加利培酮(1.0 mg/kg)(RIS), MK801加阿立哌唑(4.0 mg/kg)(ARI)处理.结果显示, MK801诱导的精神分裂症模型组自发活动(旷场实验)较正常组显著增加.模型组小鼠体质量、摄食及糖脂代谢参数均无显著性变化.加入APDs处理后,与模型组比较, 3种药物均能显著降低小鼠的自发活动,该参数与血脂中的甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)的浓度呈显著的负相关;此外, TG浓度还与肝脏组织中重要的转录因子SREBP1c的表达增加呈显著的正相关,与组蛋白受体H_1R的表达增加也呈显著的正相关.其中,利培酮表现出较强的引发代谢紊乱的趋势,该药物促进了肝脏组织中SREBP1c和SREBP-2以及H_1R的表达显著升高.因此得出,在APDs短期作用下,阿立哌唑无明显糖脂代谢紊乱,具有安全性高、不良反应小的特点.氟哌啶醇的过度镇静效应,可能是这类药物诱发一定程度的代谢性副反应的主要原因;而利培酮作为临床治疗重型精神疾病的一线用药,能较好地发挥疗效,但因其与其他靶点的亲和效应,可能引起更为严重的代谢紊乱副反应,并独立于体质量的增加. 相似文献
3.
《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2016,(4)
Ghrelin is an important signaling molecule linking reproductive and energy metabolism. In this study, ghrelin gene of Monopterus albus was cloned. Its structure and function were analysized preliminarily. By Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends(RACE) technique, full-length cDNA and DNA sequences of ghrelin gene were obtained. The full-length ghrelin cDNA(GenBank accession no. JX122807) was 552 bp long, containing a 115 bp 5'-untranslated region, a 324 bp open reading frame and a 113 bp 3'-untranslated region. The full-length ghrelin DNA was 1 323 bp, consisting of three introns and four exons. The exon/intron junction sequences conformed to the GT/AG rule. Three introns were 594, 84 and 93 bp in length, respectively; four exons were229, 78, 112 and 133 bp in length, respectively. The results of amino acid sequence analysis showed that the deduced propreghrelin sequence of M. albus contained a signal peptide(SP) consisting of 22 amino acid residues, a mature peptide(MP)consisting of 19 amino acid residues and a C-terminal amino acid residue. Among them, the third amino acid of MP was serine(Ser~3) as the site for N-acylation and N-deacetylation reactions; the C-terminal amino acid residue sequence might contain a peptide hormone obestatin, which is a physiological antagonist of mature Ghrelin peptide. The homology and phylogenic relationships analyses of amino acid sequences suggested that propreghrelin of M. albus had high similarity to those of several Perciformes fishes; the propreghrelins of M. albus, Perciformes and Heterosomata fishes were clustered into a subgroup. The high conservatism of the gene structure and the amino acid sequences indicated that Ghrelin exerts important physiological functions and plays similar physiological mechanisms in vertebrates. 相似文献
4.
【目的】探讨广西巴马小型猪促生长激素释放激素（GHRH）成熟肽真核表达质粒对小鼠生长效应的影响,为进一步研究广西巴马小型猪GHRH成熟肽的促生长作用及GHRH基因疫苗的高效制备与安全使用提供参考依据。【方法】利用基因重组技术将广西巴马小型猪GHRH成熟肽序列与p EGFP-N1质粒连接构建重组真核表达质粒,然后按0.5μg/g的剂量肌肉注射经25%蔗糖溶液预处理的小鼠,观察记录小鼠体重变化情况,并分别提取重组质粒注射组小鼠的心脏、肝脏、肾脏及注射部位肌肉DNA,再以PCR检测是否存在基因质粒残留。【结果】以构建的p EGFP-GHRH重组质粒注射小鼠后,其外源GHRH成熟肽DNA可在肌肉中获得表达,但并未整合入小鼠基因组中。虽然重组质粒注射组小鼠的末重与空质粒注射组小鼠的差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但在注射后的10-25 d,重组质粒注射组小鼠体重均显著高于空质粒注射组（P〈0.05）。在相对日增重率方面,注射后的前15 d内,重组质粒注射组小鼠的相对日增重率均高于空质粒注射组。【结论】构建的广西巴马小型猪p EGFP-GHRH重组质粒能在一定时间内促进小鼠生长,即GHRH种属差异性小,在动物中有较高的保守性。 相似文献
5.
本试验选用4种合成生物活性肽(肽1、肽2、肽3、肽4分别由15、7、9、7个氨基酸构成,采用固相合成柱手工合成的直链肽)对小鼠进行灌喂饲养试验,旨在探讨其对小鼠的生长性能、免疫机能和器官发育的影响.选取清洁级健康小鼠90只,随机分为9组,每组10只,试验组分别连续灌喂10 μg/kg体重和50 μg/kg体重剂量的4种活性肽,空白对照组灌喂等量蒸馏水.试验期32 d.结果表明:(1)灌喂活性肽15 d和32 d,小鼠体重、平均日耗料量各试验组之间及与对照组间差异均不显著(P>0.05).(2)小鼠灌喂活性肽15 d,50 μg/kg体重肽3能显著提高小鼠血清IgG和IFN-γ含量(P<0.05).(3)小鼠灌喂活性肽15 d,50 μg/kg体重肽1组小鼠肝脏系数显著高于10 μg/kg体重肽1组(P<0.05),其余各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);心脏、脾脏和肾脏系数各组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05).小鼠灌喂活性肽32 d时,50 μg/kg体重活性肽2、肽3、肽4对小鼠心脏、肝脏和肾脏系数有显著提高作用.综上可见,4种人工合成生物活性肽对小鼠生长性能未见明显影响,对免疫机能和脏器系数有一定的促进作用. 相似文献
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7.
Nisoli E Clementi E Paolucci C Cozzi V Tonello C Sciorati C Bracale R Valerio A Francolini M Moncada S Carruba MO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5608):896-899
Nitric oxide was found to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis in cells as diverse as brown adipocytes and 3T3-L1, U937, and HeLa cells. This effect of nitric oxide was dependent on guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and was mediated by the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, the mitochondrial biogenesis induced by exposure to cold was markedly reduced in brown adipose tissue of endothelial nitric oxide synthase null-mutant (eNOS-/-) mice, which had a reduced metabolic rate and accelerated weight gain as compared to wild-type mice. Thus, a nitric oxide-cGMP-dependent pathway controls mitochondrial biogenesis and body energy balance. 相似文献
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In this experiment, 540 male and female chicks of 1-day-age were selected respectively and reared separately. 3 × 3 factorial experiment was designed. Gushi chicks were fed with nine diets under different metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP). Effects of different diets on the performances and carcass ingredients of 0-to 4-week-age Gushi chicks were studied by rearing, comparative slaughter and metabolism experiments. Based on the results of three experiments, ME intake per kilogram metabolic weight was regarded as dependent variable (Y), and its corresponding net energy (NE) deposition per kilogram metabolic weight was regarded as independent variable (X), respectively. Lineal regressive analysis was made according to the mathematic model: Y=a+bX. Maintenance ME(MEm) and the converted coefficient from net energy for gain(NEg) to ME for gain(MEg) were found out, then ME requirement was divided into MErm+ MEg,which is ME = 359.14 W0.75 + 10.47/△W; CP intake and corresponding metabolic weight were regarded as dependent variable and independent variable respectively, and then regressive analysis was made. The result was CP = 0. 57 + 8.21 W0.75. Consequently, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake and metabolic weight were put into the regressive equations, and then ME and CP requirements for 0- to 4-week-age Gushi chicks were obtained, 12.38 MJ kg-1 and 20.13%, respectively, the ratio of CP to ME was 16.26 g MJ-1. 相似文献
10.
Weaning age in deer mice is defined as the age at which the young mice maintain or gain weight during a 24-hour period of isolation; mice younger than weaning age lose weight. Two subspecies of deer mice differed in weaning age; the age for Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii was 18 days; for P. m. gracilis, 24 days. Age and food consumption were better predictors of the weaning condition, as defined in terms of weight change with isolation, than body weight. 相似文献
11.
[目的]观察按摩对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用.[方法]将40只小鼠随机平均分为对照组、模型组、按摩组和按摩+模型组,采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺的方法建造免疫抑制模型,通过脊背提拿按摩手法观察其对各组动物增重、免疫器官指数以及脾脏淋巴细胞增殖.[结果](1)模型组与对照组相比,增重、免疫器官指数和脾脏淋巴细胞增殖各项指标均显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);(2)按摩+模型组与模型组相比,增重和脾脏B淋巴细胞增殖显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖无差异;(3)按摩组与对照组相比,胸腺指数显著提高(P＜0.01).[结论]按摩能在一定程度上有效调节小鼠的免疫功能. 相似文献
12.
Schwartz MW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5487):2066-2067
Striking the delicate balance between energy intake in the form of food and energy expenditure in the form of metabolic activity keeps the body extremely busy. As Schwartz explains in his enlightening Perspective, the finding that insulin signals the brain to promote weight loss (Brüning et al.) flies in the face of the notion that insulin is involved solely in glucose storage, its conversion to fat, and weight gain. 相似文献
13.
鱼肽的抗疲劳功能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用鲢鱼副产物中蛋白质酶解得到的鱼肽饲喂小鼠4周,小鼠运动后血乳酸的恢复速率比对照组提高25%(P<0.05);血尿素氮含量明显降低,运动后恢复期血乳酸恢复速率加快,游泳时间明显延长,说明水解鲢鱼副产物鱼肽具有抗疲劳作用。 相似文献
14.
统糠在鹅饲料中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在鹅饲料中加入不同比例的统糠以及用一定比例的统糠构成日粮并通过调节其能量和蛋白水平,观察其对日粮养分利用及鹅生产性的影响。用合浦鹅进行饲养试验和代谢试验,在试验一中测定不同比例统糠构成的日粮,在试验二中测定不同能量和蛋白水平对日粮养分利用效率和试鹅增重效果。结果表明,统糠在鹅饲料中占12.0%~20.0%,日粮代谢能在10.0~11.0MJ/kg,蛋白水平在14.0%~17.0%时,统糠及其构成的日粮有较好的养分利用效率,试验鹅也能保持较好的生产性能。 相似文献
15.
Chartrel N Alvear-Perez R Leprince J Iturrioz X Reaux-Le Goazigo A Audinot V Chomarat P Coge F Nosjean O Rodriguez M Galizzi JP Boutin JA Vaudry H Llorens-Cortes C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5813):766; author reply 766
Zhang et al. (Research Articles, 11 November 2005, p. 996) reported that obestatin, a peptide derived from the ghrelin precursor, activated the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39. However, we found that I125-obestatin does not bind GPR39 and observed no effects of obestatin on GPR39-transfected cells in various functional assays (cyclic adenosine monophosphate production, calcium mobilization, and GPR39 internalization). Our results indicate that obestatin is not the cognate ligand for GPR39. 相似文献
16.
Obesity is increasing in developing countries. Population studies show a relationship between affluence and obesity. Changing food intake patterns with affluence such as preference for foods with less astringent polyphenolic compounds and dietary fibers may increase risk of metabolic dysfunctions due to caloric imbalance. Animal models of obesity consistently show that grape seed procyanidins prevent increases in body and abdo- minal adipose weight gain, plasma cholesterol, liver weight gain and inflammation in animals on high fat diets. The mechanisms are not clear because the oral intake of procyanidins results in pleiotropic interactions with proteins in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, cecum and colon that affect the rate of digestion of bioavailability of macronutrients, sterols, and dietary fiber. Procyanidins also bind bile acids and reduce intestinal permeability to inflammatory bacterial cell wall fragment. Procyanidins are not degraded or metabolized until reaching the lower gut where they can be metabolized into phenolic acids by gut bacteria. While they are metabolized by gut bacteria, they also alter total numbers and distribution of phyla and species of gut bacteria. Gut bacteria are recognized as significant contributors to obesity and obesity related metabolic diseases. The review examines the different pleiotropic effects of grape seed procyanidins that have a significant effect on metabolic disease in animal models of obesity. 相似文献
17.
为促进我国黄羽肉鸡种业高效、健康发展,解决目前存在的饲粮浪费、环境污染以及繁殖效能低下等问题尤为关键。总结了关于黄羽肉种鸡营养需要量和饲料研究方面的国内外相关文献,从其代谢能、粗蛋白质、主要必需氨基酸（蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、精氨酸和异亮氨酸）、维生素（VA、VD、VE）和矿物元素（钙、磷、铁、铜、锌、锰和硒）的需要量,饲料资源评价与利用,生物活性添加剂益生素与益生菌,植物提取物和中草药制剂,抗应激剂应用等方面研究现状进行较全面的综述,对存在问题和未来研发趋势进行分析。总体来看,近年来在黄羽肉种鸡营养需要量和饲料添加剂的应用研究越来越多,但主要集中在产蛋期,研发亮点在于开展黄羽肉鸡代谢能每天需要量与代谢体重、平均日增重和产蛋量的相关性分析,以代谢体重、平均日增重和产蛋量为变量,建立了重型、中型和轻型 3 种类型黄羽肉种母鸡日粮氮校正代谢能需要量析因法预测模型。目前黄羽肉种鸡育雏期、育成期营养及限饲技术研究报道较少,饲料资源评价与安全高效利用技术、繁殖性能提升关键技术等仍需进一步突破。 相似文献
18.
[目的]为在水产饲料中应用小肽提供试验性参考依据。[方法]试验选用平均体重(16.19±0.25)g/尾的异育银鲫240尾,随机分4组,对照组、试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅲ中小肽的添加量分别为0、20.03、0.0和40.0 g/kg饲料。每天投饲3次,分别为6:301、3:30和18:30,投饲率为鱼体重的3%~4%,水温24~28℃,pH值6.8~8.0,DO>5 mg/L,饲养45 d。[结果]试验得出,各试验组和对照组的异育银鲫增重率、饵料系数差异不显著(P>0.05),其中试验组Ⅱ的饵料系数在所有试验组中最低;饲料中添加适量的小肽替代部分鱼粉可以显著提高饲料的干物质消化率(P<0.05),可以提高粗蛋白质表观消化率、磷表观消化率,但差异不显著(P>0.05),但降低了粗脂肪的表观消化率(P>0.05);另外,饲料中添加适量的小肽替代部分鱼粉对异育银鲫鱼体组成没有显著影响(P>0.05),其中试验组Ⅱ的鱼体组成和对照组最接近。[结论]试验结果表明,在饲料中添加适量的小肽替代鱼粉,对异育银鲫生产性能及鱼体组成无显著影响,还可以有效降低饲料成本。 相似文献
19.
早期限饲对肉仔鸡生产性能与肥度的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
将 2 2 0只艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为 4组 ,每组 5 5只 ,分别为限饲组 R1 ,R2 ,R3 和对照组 R0 。 4组鸡1～ 7日龄均为自由采食 ,从 8日龄起 R1 ,R2 和 R3组分别饲喂自由采食量约 5 0 %的饲粮 ,分别限饲 1,2 ,3d后恢复自由采食。结果表明 ,R1 组鸡 6周龄体重、平均日增重、料肉比、胴体产量和腹脂量略低于 R0 组 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;R2 和R3 组 6周龄体重、平均日增重、腹脂量及腹脂率均显著低于 R0 组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,料肉比、胴体产量略低于 R0 组(P>0 .0 5 ) ;早期限饲可降低一些代谢疾病的发生率及死亡率 相似文献
20.
研究在相同营养水平下不同水平膨化血粉对雏鹅生产性能和营养物质表观代谢率的影响。试验选用300只健康、活泼的1日龄豁眼鹅,公母各半,体质量(78.68±2.95)g,随机分为3组:膨化血粉1.5%组、3.0%组和4.5%组,每组设5个重复,每个重复20只鹅,试验时间28 d。结果表明,膨化血粉3.0%组效果最好,与膨化血粉1.5%、4.5%组相比,平均雏鹅日增体质量分别提高9.40%、13.27%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低3.69%、2.34%(P<0.05),CP、ME的表观代谢率分别提高3.30%和3.08%、1.95%和2.46%(P<0.05)。在该研究条件下,建议雏鹅日粮中膨化血粉的适宜添加比例为3.0%。 相似文献