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1.
以野生长蕊杜鹃半木质化茎段为试材,采用植物生长激素KIBA,KNAA和Hormodin对插穗进行处理,测定不同生根期内源激素IAA、GA3、ZR、ABA含量,对扦插不同时期插穗茎段进行电镜扫描。结果表明:先快蘸液态KNAA(3 000mg·L-1),再迅速蘸取粉状Hormodin#1处理对插条生根具有显著影响,插穗生根率达到了81.25%;较高浓度的内源IAA含量有利于根原基分化形成,GA3含量上升与插穗愈伤组织的诱导、不定根的形成呈正相关性,低水平的ABA更有利于长蕊杜鹃扦插生根;插穗在根原基分化和愈伤组织形成时期消耗內源ZR,在不定根长出后自身合成ZR;通过对淀粉粒研究表明扦插期补充糖类物质是必要的,簇状晶体产生表明钙调控等生理机制形成。 相似文献
2.
不育紫薇‘湘韵’扦插过程中内源激素含量变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不育紫薇‘湘韵’半木质化枝条为试材,使用植物生长激素KIBA对插穗进行处理,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定不同生根时期内源激素IAA、ABA、GA3、ZR含量,研究‘湘韵’紫薇扦插生根过程中内源激素含量的变化。结果表明:不育紫薇扦插生根过程中插穗内源激素含量与不定根的分化与形成密切相关,高浓度的内源IAA有利于插穗根原基分化形成及生长发育;低浓度的内源ABA有助于不育紫薇的扦插生根;高浓度的内源GA3抑制了不育紫薇插条不定根的形成;内源ZR在根原基分化形成与根的伸长两个时期的作用不同,低浓度的内源ZR促进根原基分化形成,而较高浓度的内源ZR有利于根的伸长;高的IAA/ABA值有利于扦插过程中根原基的分化与形成,低的IAA/ABA值促进扦插过程中不定根的伸长;高水平的IAA/ZR值有助于根原基分化形成,较低的IAA/ZR值有利于不定根的伸长;低水平的GA3/ABA值有利于根原基的分化形成,较高的GA3/ABA值促进不定根的伸长。 相似文献
3.
以南京椴嫩枝插穗为研究对象,采用1 000 mg·kg-1 IBA粉剂处理插穗基部,对扦插生根过程中插穗皮部生长素IAA、玉米素核苷ZR、赤霉素GA3、脱落酸ABA含量以及IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR比值进行动态测定,探究嫩枝扦插生根过程中植物激素变化特点及其对生根的影响。结果表明:1)IBA处理可以显著促进南京椴嫩枝插穗生根,生根率接近67%;其生根过程可划分为愈伤组织形成期、根原基诱导期、不定根形成期和不定根生长期,各自对应时间约为10 d。2)IBA处理可以提高嫩枝插穗中IAA含量,IAA对于根原基的诱导和不定根的发生具有较为直接的影响作用,其含量升高有利于生根;GA3含量增加有利于根原基形成,而低水平GA3则更有利于不定根的生长;ABA和ZR含量升高不利于插穗生根,对于根原基的诱导和不定根的发生具有抑制作用;IAA、ABA在插穗根原基诱导和不定根形成过程中具有相互协调作用,IAA/ABA可作为衡量南京椴嫩枝扦插生根能力的指标。3)外源IBA处理可以促进插穗内IAA含量升高,调节ABA、ZR、GA3含量降低,促使IAA/ABA在诱导生根期快速增大,通过相关激素的调控,使插穗向有利于促进生根的生理状态转变。 相似文献
4.
5.
为了解无患子硬枝扦插生根机制,以1年生无患子硬枝作为扦插材料,在扦插第0—80天调查愈伤组织发育和根系形成情况,测定插穗的腋芽(嫩叶)以及基部2cm长度的韧皮部内源激素和多酚类物质的含量。结果表明,无患子硬枝扦插第10天开始出现愈伤组织,第50天愈伤率达到最高值83.33%;第40天开始出现生根插穗,生根率为6.67%,随后不定根数量迅速增加,第70天生根率达到86.67%,此时平均有5.33条。之后生根数量不变,根系仍然在生长,且扦插后根系效果指数持续增高。插穗韧皮部内源激素含量变化较复杂。整体来看,高含量赤霉素(GA3)抑制愈伤组织和不定根形成,且在根原基发生期和不定根形成关键期达到峰值,在不定根速生期持续下降;高含量生长素(IAA)促进不定根的形成,且在扦插后第20天,即根原基发生期,达到峰值(92.7μg/g);玉米素核苷(ZR)对无患子硬枝扦插过程的生理作用较复杂,低含量的ZR有利于根原基的发生和不定根速生,但高含量的ZR促进不定根形成。韧皮部ZR/IAA在扦插后第20—40天呈下降趋势,第40—60天快速上升,促进不定根生长;GA3/IAA整体呈现抛物线形下降趋势,特别是在根原基发生期和不定根速生期,下降速率更快,以促进不定根的生长。无患子硬枝插穗生根进程中,多数多酚类物质对愈伤组织形成、根原基发生及不定根形成有极显著抑制作用,没食子酸抑制效果稍弱;插穗内多种激素和多酚类物质的含量均发生了变化,且对插穗生根产生重大影响。总之,插穗根原基发生和不定根形成等关键时期,IAA含量升高,GA3、ZR以及多酚类物质含量降低,植物体内多种内源物质此消彼长,达到动态平衡,共同促进插穗生根。 相似文献
6.
【目的】研究不同生长调节剂处理对金叶银杏硬枝扦插生根率和成活率的影响,探讨金叶银杏的生根机制,为金叶银杏苗木扦插快繁技术体系的建立提供技术支持和理论指导。【方法】通过NAA和IBA处理金叶银杏硬枝插穗,检测它们对插穗的生根状态、生根指标及IBA对扦插过程中插穗皮部可溶性糖、抗氧化酶、激素含量的影响,探究金叶银杏硬枝扦插繁殖技术和生根机理。【结果】1)金叶银杏插穗愈伤组织诱导期和形成期、不定根发生期和形成期分别在插后的20~26、26~42、42~53、53~79 d。2)800 mg·L^-1 IBA和400 mg·L^-1 NAA+400 mg·L^-1IBA(混合)处理的插穗愈伤组织和不定根出现期及生根率与根数都较其他相应处理的效果好,其中生根率分别达64.4%和51.1%;不定根数分别达8.6条和9.3条。3)插穗生根过程中(500 mg·L^-1 IBA处理)基部韧皮部的SOD、PPO活性在插后40、60 d达到高峰,均比对照提前20 d达到峰值;插穗的POD活性出现上升-下降-升高的趋势,插穗可溶性糖也出现升高-下降-升高的趋势,但时间点不一致;而淀粉的含量出现下降-上升的趋势。4)生根期间插穗基部韧皮部的IAA含量出现了2个峰值和一个谷值;而ZR含量在第40天达到峰值后下降;GA含量先下降后上升;ABA含量在插后的前期高后期低,且值都低于同期对照。IAA/ABA比值在插后的第40天(愈伤组织形成期)达到谷底,后又上升(不定根形成期)。IAA/GA在插后的40~60 d内快速上升,80 d后又开始大幅下降;IAA/ZR值在扦插愈伤组织形成期(40 d)呈下降趋势,到60 d时(不定根发生期)又急剧上升到峰值。【结论】高活性的SOD和POD有利于插穗初期愈伤组织的形成(40 d),高活性的POD与PPO有利于不定根的形成(60 d)。较高的IAA含量是保证愈伤组织形成(20~40 d)的必要条件,不定根形成期(60 d)需要较高的IAA/ZR、IAA/ABA、IAA/GA比值。本研究为金叶银杏扦插繁殖技术和生根机理的研究及金叶银杏苗木的快速繁殖生产提供技术支持。 相似文献
7.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(4)
【目的】研究麻楝扦插生根进程中形态、内源激素和营养物质含量的变化,揭示麻楝插穗内源激素和营养物质含量对其扦插生根的影响。【方法】以麻楝6个月生半木质化枝条为材料进行扦插,在扦插后每隔10 d取一次样,记录插穗生根情况,及测定基部内源激素和营养物质含量。【结果】观测证实麻楝嫩枝插穗生根类型主要为皮部生根型,少量为愈伤组织生根型和中间生根型;其生根进程大致分为3个时期:皮孔萌动根原基诱导期(0～20 d)、不定根表达发生期(20～40 d)和不定根伸长发育期(40 d以后)。外源激素处理组麻楝插穗生根进程研究发现,内源激素IAA含量、IAA/ABA值、IAA/ZR值呈"上升-下降-上升"的变化趋势,ABA含量呈"上升-下降"趋势,GA和ZR含量的变化相似,均为"上升-下降-上升-下降"。营养物质含量变化研究中,处理组可溶性糖与淀粉含量均呈"下降-上升-下降"的变化趋势,可溶性蛋白含量变化表现为先下降而后缓慢上升。【结论】麻楝插穗生根过程中,外源激素IBA的施用可在一定程度上提高插穗内源激素IAA、GA、ZR的含量及IAA/ABA、IAA/ZR的比值,降低ABA的含量。较高浓度的IAA和较为稳定的低浓度ZR有利于插穗不定根的发生;低浓度的ABA有利于不定根的形成与伸长;同时较低水平的IAA和GA对插穗根系伸长生长有益。较高比值的IAA/ZR和IAA/ABA有利于麻楝嫩枝插穗生根。外源激素处理加快了麻楝插穗内各营养物质的代谢进程,对插穗生根有利;各处理可溶性糖和淀粉含量显著高于可溶性蛋白含量,变化幅度也较可溶性蛋白含量大,与麻楝插穗生根的联系更为紧密。 相似文献
8.
《山东林业科技》2017,(6)
以海州常山(Clerodendrum trichotomum Thumb)1年生休眠枝条为材料,采用60Co-γ射线(剂量15Gy)处理扦插插穗,未经辐射处理为对照。于扦插后40d、47d、54d、64d、74d、84d和104d从辐射与对照处理插穗基部皮部取样,测定生根过程中内源激素生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素(ZR)含量的动态变化。结果显示:60Co-γ射线抑制海州常山扦插生根。与对照相比,15Gy的60Co-γ射线辐射处理组的内源IAA含量、ABA含量和ZR含量均在不定根诱导和形成期间多上升,GA3含量、IAA/ABA,GA3/ABA,ZR/ABA比值含量降低,IAA和ZR含量谷值推后到来。60Co-γ辐射处理提高不定根形成期内源ABA含量,从而IAA/ABA,GA3/ABA,ZR/ABA比值降低,这是插穗生根推迟的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
为探讨黑果枸杞扦插中内源激素对插穗生根的作用,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定了黑果枸杞硬枝插穗生根过程中韧皮部吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)及玉米素(ZR) 3种植物内源激素的含量变化。结果表明:生根初期,插穗有1个衰老过程,插穗生根部位的IAA、ZR和IAA/ABA比值均迅速降低,ABA变化不明显。IAA生根中的含量变化规律与ABA的大致相同,对生根不起主要作用,只是起到协同作用。与对照相比,萘乙酸(NAA)处理插穗对ABA影响不显著,但插穗生根部位IAA含量、IAA/ABA比值得到提高,同时ZR含量下降。低浓度的ZR有利于愈伤组织形成。插穗内源激素的动态平衡,共同调控不定根的发生。IAA/ABA比值可以作为生根能力的判断标准之一。 相似文献
10.
为了探究不同外源生长物质对紫叶李扦插生根的影响,以2 a生紫叶李当年生枝条为材料,研究了吲哚乙酸(IAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和α-萘乙酸(NAA)对其扦插生根及其生根过程中营养物质、酶活性及内源激素含量的影响。结果表明:处理(T_3)对紫叶李生根的促进作用最为明显。可溶性糖含量在愈伤组织形成期(15 d)降低,在不定根形成期(20 d)不断积累,在不定根大量生成后(25 d)再次降低;淀粉、可溶性蛋白的变化趋势与可溶性糖基本一致,说明不定根形成需消耗大量的可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质为其提供能量。愈伤组织形成期(15 d),POD与PPO活性最高;紫叶李插穗中GA_3含量在根原基诱导与不定根发生初期较低,在不定根伸长期较高;IAA的含量在不定根的形成与伸长期快速上升,说明较高的GA_3与IAA有利于插穗不定根的发生与伸长。综合各因素可知300 mg/L IBA处理最有利于促进紫叶李插穗成活。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献