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城市雨水利用已成为缓解城市水资源危机和水污染严重的有效途径。在论述城市雨水利用相关理论与技术等研究现状的基础上,对城市雨水利用急待研究的若干问题与发展趋势进行探讨。指出城市降雨产汇流模型的建立与资源化潜力的计算、城市雨水水质监测与管理技术、城市雨水利用规划以及城市雨水利用技术的综合应用等是目前城市雨水利用研究急待解决的热点问题,认为城市雨水利用应用基础研究正在从定性向定量化方向迈进,城市雨水利用技术由单一化向多元化和综合方向发展,城市雨水利用的功能在不断拓展,并将成为城市防洪工作的重要内容与手段之一。 相似文献
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雨水资源集蓄利用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水资源危机已成为全球性的问题,如何高效利用有限的水资源,特别是雨水资源,提高雨水资源的利用率,已被世界各国所关注。在详细阐述雨水集蓄利用的发展历史、概念和理论的基础上;对国内外雨水资源的集蓄技术和高效利用技术及其应用研究进行了系统分析和总结;同时,提出了目前雨水集蓄利用研究发展趋势。 相似文献
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国内外雨水资源利用研究综述 总被引：65，自引：5，他引：60
干旱是一个长期存在的世界性难题。我国是一个干旱半干旱面积很大的国家,干旱严重地制约着农业的可持续发展。而雨水资源的利用是解决或缓解干旱的重要途径。围绕雨水资源的利用,人们做了许多创造性的理论探索和技术研究,研究出许多雨水资源利用的方式,归纳起来主要有３个方面;就地拦蓄利用,覆盖抑制蒸发利用和雨水富集叠加利用。针对这３个方面,对国内外雨水资源利用现状进行了总结,提出了雨水资源利用存在的问题。 相似文献
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国外低影响开发雨水资源利用对中国海绵城市建设的启示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]研究美国、英国、德国、日本、新加坡和澳大利亚的低影响开发雨水资源利用情况,为中国海绵城市建设在管理、技术等方面提供一定依据。[方法]通过调查研究,从政策法规、应用技术、管理体系、公众意识等方面系统地梳理国外低影响开发雨水资源利用经验,并结合国内实际,探讨促进中国海绵城市建设发展的建议。[结果]针对目前中国海绵城市建设遇到的城市内涝、缺水及生态环境问题,可从制定和完善相关政策法规,加强先进技术的研发和应用,创新融资渠道、优化管理体系,提升公众意识等方面进行改进。[结论]合理借鉴国外已经成熟的低影响开发雨水资源利用经验,能够更好地推进中国海绵城市建设。 相似文献
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雨水集蓄利用可以分为农业雨水集蓄利用和城市雨水集蓄利用。人类要实现生存和城市的可持续发展,必须确立现代的城市雨水利用价值观。雨水利用的多样性可以保障城市雨水利用的广泛开展,对解决城市水资源危机起到了促进的作用。雨水集蓄利用有利于控制城区雨洪;有利于控制非点源污染;可回灌城市地下水。城市雨水利用是解决城市水资源危机的重要途径,是为社会、为城市的水资源规划服务的。在现代城市高速城市化阶段,开展城市雨水资源综合利用的研究和工程实施是必要的。 相似文献
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安阳市近10年来建成的水土保持工程的主要建设管理方式可分为3种,即:乡村组织治理,完成后分配给农户分散经营;乡村组织治理,由村成立专业队代表村集体管理;把小流域或荒山承包给个体或私人经济组织,由其自行治理和经营管护。3种建管方式中以后者为最优,其经济效益是分散经营管理的5倍、专业队经营管理的3.5倍。针对水保工程建设管理中存在的问题和适应农村税费改革等要求,提出了加快安阳市水保生态建设的建议。 相似文献
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我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。 相似文献
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为探讨硒、钴在提高苜蓿生长影响,在河南省沿黄滩区,开展了硒、钴单施和配施下对紫花苜蓿生长以及产量和品质影响研究。结果表明,硒、钴单施和配合基施均能够显著提高苜蓿从现蕾到开花期的净光合能力,降低呼吸消耗,提高单位叶面积干物质的生产速率,有利于苜蓿花前青干草生产和果实发育;其中,以硒570 g/hm2、钴762g/hm2配施下效果显著,青干草增产8.06%,种子千粒重可提高12.85%。单施钴和硒钴配施还能促进0—20 cm耕层苜蓿根瘤菌的生长和积累,增强苜蓿的固氮能力。说明硒钴合理基施对苜蓿青干草和优质种子生产具有很好的应用效果。 相似文献
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Much evidence has indicated that the occurrence of montmorillonite and vermiculite containing Al-interlayers is very common in solis, particularly acid soils. Viewed in the light of soil clay minerology, it would be required to investigate the properties of their original minerals. For the latter purpose, the Al-interlayer has been removed prior to the Mg-glycerol,K-saturation and heating tests for identification of montmorillonite and vermiculite. Its removal has been accomplished in sevsral ways; KOH plus KCl (1), NH4F, KCl plus HCl (2), Na-citrate (3),400C de hydroxylation-NaOH (4) dissolution. Although these methods are effective for the removal of Al-interlayers, they seem drastically to affect the minerals or are time-consuming. Inthe course of the study of hydroxy-Al interlaid complexes of expanding 2:1 layer lattice clay minerals, the authors have noticed the difference between the (001) spacings of hydroxy-Al complexes of montmorillonite and vermiculite; the former exhibited the 20 A basal spacing at room temperature against the 14 A spacing of the latter. This difference might be useful for differentiating montnmorillonite-chlorite intergrades in soils. 相似文献
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平原地区河道堤防滩地的水土流失,直接淤积河床,影响行洪安全。堤防滩地的水土流失是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,以新修堤防的水土流失最为严重,对其防治须实行工程措施、植物措施和人为预防相结合。 相似文献
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The effects of biochar (maize biochar – MBC, wood biochar – WBC) and unfermented or fermented hydrochar (HTC) on the euedaphic Collembola Protaphorura fimata and on spring wheat were investigated in greenhouse experiments. The impact of char type, amount of fermented HTC, and MBC-Collembola interactions were assessed. Generally, shoot and root biomass as well as abundance of P. fimata were not affected by the different chars. However, with increasing amounts of fermented HTC the abundance of P. fimata declined, whereas shoot biomass of wheat increased. Moreover, MBC altered root morphology and resulted in thicker roots with higher volume. The latter was not apparent when Collembola were present. 相似文献
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Potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) were grown in the field on Tasmanian ferrosols (humic eutrudox) which had been limed either 2, 3, or 5 years earlier, and where tuber cadmium (Cd) concentrations in potatoes grown a few months after the liming had shown no lime response. In the current crops lime decreased potato tuber Cd by about 30% and carrot root Cd by about 50%. We attributed the decrease to more even and deeper mixing of the lime with the soil by the harvest of the first potatoes. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer residues from the earlier potato crops did not significantly affect tuber or root Cd, but there was a positive effect at 1 site where some high Cd P fertilizer had earlier been used. Neither lime nor P fertilizer residues affected potato or carrot yields. Analysis at one site of potato tubers from the upper part of the soil ridges showed that they had slightly higher Cd concentrations than did deeper tubers near the fertilizer band, whether P fertilizer was in the band or not. This suggests that either the Cd in the fertilizer band was relatively unimportant as a Cd source for the current crop, or that Cd was redistributed within the plant during the season, or both. Liming may be a suitable medium to long‐term strategy for decreasing Cd uptake by root crops, but site to site and seasonal variation can still be great, and knowledge of other major influences is needed for assurance of produce quality. Our observations need to be extended to sites which gives rise to higher Cd concentrations in agricultural produce, and to other soil types. Potato common scab was severe in the limed plots at one site. However, this site had grown 3 potato crops in 5 years, which probably exacerbated the disease. Potato processors in Tasmania demand a minimum of 5 years between successive crops which should slow any build up of scab due to liming, but more work on possible interactions between lime and rotation length on scab incidence is needed before liming can be recommended as a Cd control measure for potatoes. 相似文献
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水土流失动态监测与评价研究现状与问题 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
美国等国家已将遥感、ＧＩＳ技术广泛应用于水土流失动态监测与预报,并开发出基于物理过程的土壤侵蚀预报模型。中国在水土流失地面观测、遥感监测方面已取得许多成果,但在区域土壤侵蚀评价、预报模型开发方面,缺少系列化观测与统计数据,已有的坡面土壤侵蚀模型等在通用性、适用性方面还存在不少问题。当前急需解决的问题是建立水土流失监测与评价指标体系,开发评价模型系统,建立国家水土保持信息系统 相似文献