共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kozuma M Suzuki Y Torii Y Sugiura T Kuga T Hagley EW Deng L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5448):2309-2312
Phase-coherent matter-wave amplification was demonstrated using Bose- Einstein-condensed rubidium-87 atoms. A small seed matter wave was created with coherent optical Bragg diffraction. Amplification of this seed matter wave was achieved by using the initial condensate as a gain medium through the superradiance effect. The coherence properties of the amplified matter wave, studied with a matter-wave interferometer, were shown to be locked to those of the initial seed wave. The active matter-wave device demonstrated here has great potential in the fields of atom optics, atom lithography, and precision measurements. 相似文献
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Spatial solitons, beams that do not spread owing to diffraction when they propagate, have been demonstrated to exist by virtue of a variety of nonlinear self-trapping mechanisms. Despite the diversity of these mechanisms, many of the features of soliton interactions and collisions are universal. Spatial solitons exhibit a richness of phenomena not found with temporal solitons in fibers, including effects such as fusion, fission, annihilation, and stable orbiting in three dimensions. Here the current state of knowledge on spatial soliton interactions is reviewed. 相似文献
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Denschlag J Simsarian JE Feder DL Clark CW Collins LA Cubizolles J Deng L Hagley EW Helmerson K Reinhardt WP Rolston SL Schneider BI Phillips WD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5450):97-101
Quantum phase engineering is demonstrated with two techniques that allow the spatial phase distribution of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to be written and read out. A quantum state was designed and produced by optically imprinting a phase pattern onto a BEC of sodium atoms, and matter-wave interferometry with spatially resolved imaging was used to analyze the resultant phase distribution. An appropriate phase imprint created solitons, the first experimental realization of this nonlinear phenomenon in a BEC. The subsequent evolution of these excitations was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. 相似文献
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MR Andrews CG Townsend H Miesner DS Durfee DM Kurn W Ketterle 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5300):637-641
Interference between two freely expanding Bose-Einstein condensates has been observed. Two condensates separated by approximately 40 micrometers were created by evaporatively cooling sodium atoms in a double-well potential formed by magnetic and optical forces. High-contrast matter-wave interference fringes with a period of approximately 15 micrometers were observed after switching off the potential and letting the condensates expand for 40 milliseconds and overlap. This demonstrates that Bose condensed atoms are "laser-like"; that is, they are coherent and show long-range correlations. These results have direct implications for the atom laser and the Josephson effect for atoms. 相似文献
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TP Rakitzis SA Kandel AJ Alexander ZH Kim RN Zare 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5381):1346-1349
Isolated diatomic molecules of iodine monochloride (ICl) were photodissociated by a beam of linearly polarized light, and the resulting ground-state Cl atom photofragments were detected by a method that is sensitive to the handedness (helicity) of the electronic angular momentum. It was found that this helicity oscillates between "topspin" and "backspin" as a function of the wavelength of the dissociating light. The helicity originates solely from the (de Broglie) matter-wave interference of multiple dissociating pathways of the electronic excited states of ICl. These measurements can be related to the identity and to the detailed shapes of the dissociating pathways, thus demonstrating that it is possible to probe repulsive states by spectroscopic means. 相似文献
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研究了软物质中的空间孤子波的传输规律,得到了两种不同模型软物质中的空间孤子波的传输方程,为讨论软物质中的空间孤子波提供了依据。 相似文献
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We report the cancellation of the soliton self-frequency shift in a silica-core photonic crystal fiber with a negative dispersion slope. Numerical and experimental results show that stabilization of the soliton wavelength is accompanied by exponential amplification of the red-shifted Cherenkov radiation emitted by the soliton. The spectral recoil from the radiation acts on the soliton to compensate for the Raman frequency shift. This phenomenon may find applications in the development of a family of optical parametric amplifiers. 相似文献
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Donner T Ritter S Bourdel T Ottl A Köhl M Esslinger T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5818):1556-1558
The phase transition of Bose-Einstein condensation was studied in the critical regime, where fluctuations extend far beyond the length scale of thermal de Broglie waves. We used matter-wave interference to measure the correlation length of these critical fluctuations as a function of temperature. Observations of the diverging behavior of the correlation length above the critical temperature enabled us to determine the critical exponent of the correlation length for a trapped, weakly interacting Bose gas to be nu = 0.67 +/- 0.13. This measurement has direct implications for the understanding of second-order phase transitions. 相似文献
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Ouzounov DG Ahmad FR Müller D Venkataraman N Gallagher MT Thomas MG Silcox J Koch KW Gaeta AL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5640):1702-1704
The measured dispersion of a low-loss, hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber is anomalous throughout most of the transmission band, and its variation with wavelength is large compared with that of a conventional step-index fiber. For an air-filled fiber, femtosecond self-frequency--shifted fundamental solitons with peak powers greater than 2megawatts can be supported. For Xe-filled fibers, nonfrequency-shifted temporal solitons with peak powers greater than 5.5 megawatts can be generated, representing an increase in the power that can be propagated in an optical fiber of two orders of magnitude. The results demonstrate a unique capability to deliver high-power pulses in a single spatial mode over distances exceeding 200 meters. 相似文献
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Internal solitons in the andaman sea 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The solitary wave is a localized hydrodynamic phenomenon that can occur because of a balance between nonlinear cohesive and linear dispersive forces in a fluid. It has been shown theoretically, and observed experimentally, that some solitary waves have properties analogous to those of elementary particles, and the waves have therefore been named solitons. During a measurement program in the Andaman Sea near northern Sumatra, large-amplitude, long internal waves were observed with associated surface waves called tide rips. Using theoretical results from the physics of nonlinear waves, it is shown that the internal waves are solitons and their interactions with surface waves are described. 相似文献
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研究某类非线性方程的可解性问题,给出了一类可积的一阶非线性常微分方程的可积性证明。这类方程可应用于物理学、力学和推导孤立子方程及寻求孤立子解。 相似文献
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通过应用Cosgrove方法研究了Kaup-Kupershmidt-Parker-Dye方程的相应的四维行波系统,得到了一些新的确切显式紧孤子、非紧孤子、周期解和非周期解.同时对一些已知平衡点的局部动力学行为进行了讨论. 相似文献
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Amo A Pigeon S Sanvitto D Sala VG Hivet R Carusotto I Pisanello F Leménager G Houdré R Giacobino E Ciuti C Bramati A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6034):1167-1170
A quantum fluid passing an obstacle behaves differently from a classical one. When the flow is slow enough, the quantum gas enters a superfluid regime, and neither whirlpools nor waves form around the obstacle. For higher flow velocities, it has been predicted that the perturbation induced by the defect gives rise to the turbulent emission of quantized vortices and to the nucleation of solitons. Using an interacting Bose gas of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity, we report the transition from superfluidity to the hydrodynamic formation of oblique dark solitons and vortex streets in the wake of a potential barrier. The direct observation of these topological excitations provides key information on the mechanisms of superflow and shows the potential of polariton condensates for quantum turbulence studies. 相似文献
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Z Chen M Mitchell M Segev TH Coskun DN Christodoulides 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5365):889-892
"Dark beams" are nonuniform optical beams that contain either a one-dimensional (1D) dark stripe or a two-dimensional (2D) dark hole resulting from a phase singularity or an amplitude depression in their optical field. Thus far, self-trapped dark beams (dark solitons) have been observed using coherent light only. Here, self-trapped dark incoherent light beams (self-trapped dark incoherent wavepackets) were observed. Both dark stripes and dark holes nested in a broad partially spatially incoherent wavefront were self-trapped to form dark solitons in a host photorefractive medium. These self-trapped 1D and 2D dark beams induced refractive-index changes akin to planar and circular dielectric waveguides. The experiments introduce the possibility of controlling high-power coherent laser beams with low-power incoherent light sources such as light emitting diodes. 相似文献
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Tuckwell HC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,205(4405):493-495
Solitary waves in reaction-diffusion systems usually annihilate on collision. A nonlinear system of reaction-diffusion equations has been constructed which has solitons: solitary waves whose interaction in a collision results in the emergence of two solitary waves identical to the colliding waves. 相似文献