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1.
The response to IBA treatments in different planting seasons of four plum cultivars, as measured by rooting and field establishment, was investigated during 1986 and 1987. Among the four cultivars, ‘Santa Rosa’ gave the largest rooting percentage, number of primary and secondary roots per cutting, length and diameter of roots and field survival. The European cultivars ‘Greengage’ and ‘Early Transparent Gage’ showed poor rooting and field establishment. The cuttings planted during summer under mist gave better rooting and field establishment than dormant season- or autumn-planted cuttings. Similarly, IBA treatment of cuttings with 2000 mg l−1 during summer and 3000 mg l−1 during dormant and autumn seasons gave the largest rooting and survival percentages, high numbers of primary and secondary roots per cutting, and greater length and diameter of primary roots.  相似文献   

2.
Temperate-zone crops require a period of winter chilling to terminate dormancy and ensure adequate bud break the following spring. The exact chilling requirement of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), a commercially important crop in northern Europe, is relatively unknown. Chill unit models have been successfully utilized to determine the optimum chilling temperature of a range of crops, with one chill unit equating to 1 h exposure to the optimum temperature for chill satisfaction. Two-year-old R. nigrum plants of the cultivars ‘Ben Gairn’, ‘Ben Hope’ and ‘Ben Tirran’ were exposed to temperatures of −10.1 °C, −3.4 °C, 0.1 °C, 1.5 °C, 2.1 °C, 3.4 °C or 8.9 °C (±0.7 °C) for durations of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 weeks and multiple regression analyses used to determine the optimum temperature for chill satisfaction.  相似文献   

3.
Cumulative yield, trunk cross-sectional area, and yield efficiency were measured between 1969 and 1983 in an experimental planting (established in 1964 and top-worked in 1965) of ‘Wellspur’ and ‘Goldspur’ apple top-worked on frameworks of 19 cold-hardy cultivars (‘Alnarp 2’, ‘Antonovka’, ‘Beacon’, ‘Canada Baldwin’, ‘Delcon’, ‘Dr. Bill’, ‘Duchess’, ‘Haralson’, ‘Hawkeye Greening’, ‘Heyer 12’, ‘Heyer 20’, ‘J. Luke Seedling’, ‘McIntosh’, ‘Minnesota 447’, ‘Ottawa 271’, ‘Ottawa 292’, ‘Red Astrachan’, ‘Robusta 5’, ‘Yellow Transparent’) that were grafted on domestic seedling roots. There were significant differences in yield, trunk diameter and yield efficiency related to the interstock. ‘Duchess’ and ‘Heyer 12’ ranked highest in yield efficiency and lowest in tree size. ‘Red Astrachan’ ranked lowest in efficiency and largest in tree size. ‘McIntosh’ also tended to be low in efficiency. No severe winter temperatures occurred to test differential cold hardiness.  相似文献   

4.
‘Orri’, a selection of ‘Orha’ mandarin [Temple (Citrus temple hort. ex Y. Tanaka) × Dancy (Citrus tangerina hort. ex Tanaka)], is a new high-quality Israeli mandarin which, in the last decade, has become one of the leading varieties in Israel. ‘Orri’ has an excellent taste, the rind is deep orange in color and easily removed, and it contains few or no seeds. However, ‘Orri’ grown in Israel suffers from inadequate yield and no published studies have yet addressed this problem. In the present study we determined that ‘Orri’ productivity depended on conditions being favorable to cross-pollination. Under cross-pollination conditions a positive correlation (R2 = 0.97) was found between yield per tree and number of fruits per tree, and more than 90% of the fruits exceeded 60 mm: the most profitable size range. These data suggest that the number of fruits per tree, and not fruit size, is the limiting factor for yield improvement in ‘Orri’ orchards. Studying seed set showed that ‘Michal’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a compatible pollenizer for ‘Orri’ flowers: the number of seeds per ‘Orri’ fruit increased as the distance from ‘Michal’ trees decreased. The present study demonstrated that cross-pollination of ‘Orri’ resulted in yield improvement, yet at the price of increased seed set.  相似文献   

5.
‘Mal secco’ is a serious disease of lemon and other citrus species, reduces lemon production, and limits the use of susceptible cultivars especially in the Mediterranean countries, against which there is no effective management system to control the disease. The objective of this study was to determine yield efficiency, tree and fruit characters, and molecular profiles of the selected promising genotypes in lemon breeding program to develop ‘mal secco’ tolerant lemon cultivars. After 4 years of evaluation, ‘Tuzcu 894’, a progeny of ‘Finike Yerli Yuvarlak’ and ‘Kutdiken’, was designated as promising genotype with high yield, fruit weight, juice content and low seed number contrary to ‘Kutdiken’ as control. ‘Tuzcu 8911’ was suitable for dense planting having the highest yield in CV. In addition, these two promising genotypes survived after many years being subjected to artificial and natural P. tracheiphila infections and harsh winter temperatures, which were attractive to the citrus industry. Molecular analysis, as assessed with 11 inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers, indicated that ‘Tuzcu 09 Aklimon’ and its selections, ‘Tuzcu 896’, ‘Tuzcu 897’ and ‘Tuzcu 898’, were distinct from the other genotypes with similarity value of 0.82. Genetic variation among the other lemon genotypes was low and some of the genotypes were identical. It was concluded that variations in the agronomical characters are mainly due to mutations.  相似文献   

6.
‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) do not develop adequate berry colour in different parts of the world including Australia and USA leading to serious economic losses to the growers. In the present study, various anthocyanins and flavonols were identified in the skin of the ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape berries using LC/PDA/ESI-MS and their changes in the berry skin during development and ripening of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape berries were investigated during 2005–2006 and 2006–2007. Eleven anthocyanins and two flavonols were identified in the berry skin using LC/PDA/ESI-MS. Of the anthocyanins identified, four anthocyanins including cyanidin 3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-glucoside and malvidin 3-O-(6″-O-coumaroyl)-glucoside were not reported earlier. During both the years, the concentration of the 3-O-glucosides of delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin as well as the acetyl and coumaroyl esters of the 3-O-glucosides of cyanidin, peonidin, and malvidin in the berry skin increased during berry development and ripening. During 2006–2007, the concentration of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in the berry skin increased during the early stages of berry ripening and subsequently declined till harvest while in 2005–2006, the concentration increased during the initial phase of berry ripening and remained relatively stable thereafter till harvest. The concentration of total anthocyanins in the berry skin was higher during 2006–2007 as compared to 2005–2006. During both years, the concentration of quercetin 3-O-glucoside in the berry skin increased during berry development and ripening while the concentration of quercetin 3-O-glucuronide in the berry skin decreased during the same period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the evolution of different anthocyanins and flavonols in the ‘Crimson Seedless’ berry skin during berry development and ripening.  相似文献   

7.
Nolina recurvata Hemsl. is a very decorative indoor plant but difficult to micropropagate vegetatively. In vitro cuttings failed to induce adventitious rooting. Investigations for a rapid micropropagation using β-cyclodextrin added to the rooting medium has solved the problem. Rooted N. recurvata plantlets were obtained after successive stages of various culture media.Initiation and in vitro multiplication of this plant was possible with lateral buds cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 4.45 μmol of BA and 0.5 μmol of IBA. The number of axillary shoots by explant obtained was 6.In vitro rooting was obtained in MS medium (1/2 strength of minerals salts) supplemented with β-cyclodextrin. This substance, at 1.76 mmol associated with 5 μmol of IBA, improved quality and the rooting rate by 100%.  相似文献   

8.
The effects of collection time, cutting age, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and putrescine application on the rooting of cuttings of Italian hazelnut cultivars ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’, ‘Tonda di Giffoni’ and ‘Nocchione’ were investigated. Samples collected during late June, late July and early September from newly formed and 1-year old part of twigs to be utilized to produce leafy cuttings, after being treated with 1000 and 2000 ppm IBA, respectively. In addition, the September cuttings were also treated, respectively, with 1000 and 2000 ppm IBA and 1600 ppm putrescine. Rooting ability was evaluated 2 months after planting for each treatment and collection time. Satisfactory rooting of hazelnut leafy cuttings was observed when collection time occurred in June and September, whereas leafy cuttings collected in July showed a limited capacity of rooting in all cultivars tested. On average, the rooting of the newly formed leafy cuttings was more than the 1-year old cuttings. Rooting was also promoted by IBA treatments, mainly in ‘Nocchione’ and ‘Tonda di Giffoni’. In contrast, young cuttings collected from ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ in early September rooted poorly when treated with IBA alone, but showed the best rooting (∼80%) after the application of a combination of 1000 ppm IBA and 1600 ppm putrescine. The current findings confirm that putrescine can be a useful substance for increasing rooting percentage and root quality in cuttings of some hazelnut cultivars as obtained from ‘Tonda Gentile Romana’ cultivar.  相似文献   

9.
Paeonia ‘Yang Fei Chu Yu’ is one of the most popular and commercially valuable cultivars of herbaceous peony. The study was performed to explore propagation techniques by cuttings for the nursery industry. Results showed that the stem cuttings pretreated with 2000 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in quick-dip method got the best rooting traits (rooting percentage is 86.7%, root number is 23.1 and root length per rooted cutting is 6.4 cm). Therefore pre-treatment with 2000 mg L−1 IBA is recommended.  相似文献   

10.
Viable shoot cultures and weaned plants were obtained from cultured apical meristems with 10 Buddleia cultivars giving viabilities of 32–72%. The number of shoots produced, the micropropagation rate and the root number produced in vitro was higher in meristem derived shoots compared to those derived from shoot-tips. The subsequent growth rate of meristem derived plants, in the greenhouse, was also greater. The number of roots produced by conventional cuttings collected from meristem derived plants was significantly higher than in cuttings which were collected from plants derived from shoot-tips or from the original stock plants.Endogenous bacteria were not detected in either shoot cultures derived from meristems or in 10-week-old weaned plants derived from meristems whereas those derived from shoot-tips showed the presence of endogenous bacteria when sterilized explants were cultured on nutrient agar or on tryptic soy broth.Factors affecting adventitious bud and shoot production in leaf and internode explants was determined for ‘Lochinch’, ‘Border Beauty’, ‘Ile de France’ and ‘Pink Delight’ using meristem derived shoot cultures. Adventitious shoots appeared after 4 weeks of culture, in both types of explant when cultured on MS supplemented with 0.5–5.0 μM TDZ. The highest percentage regeneration was achieved from bisected internode explants cultured on 0.5 μM TDZ, with 93–100% regeneration among the cultivars whereas BA was less effective. The best response was obtained using 5.0 μM TDZ which gave over 10–11 shoots per explant in all bisected explants for all cultivars.  相似文献   

11.
以金边虎尾兰、月季与天竺葵为试材,研究不同生长调节剂及其浓度对3种园林植物扦插生根的影响。结果表明:金边虎尾兰叶基段以100mg/L浓度的IBA或NAA扦插效果较好,叶尖段以IBA 100～200mg/L或NAA 200mg/L扦插效果较好,生根率均达到100%;100～200mg/L浓度的IBA与100mg/L浓度的NAA对月季茎插生根效果较好,生根率达75.6%～77.8%;天竺葵茎插各处理的生根率均达到100%,但从平均生根数上比较,100mg/L NAA或25mg/L IBA对其扦插生根效果最佳,25～300mg/L的IAA对其生根数有抑制作用。  相似文献   

12.
IBA和发根农杆菌对糠椴嫩枝扦插的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
 研究了IBA和发根农杆菌处理对糠椴嫩枝扦插生根的影响, 并对其影响生根的机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明: IBA和发根农杆菌处理显著( P < 0.01) 提高了插条生根率, 增加了成活苗的生根数和根长, 明显缩短了生根时间。IBA和发根农杆菌处理还显著( P < 0.01) 提高了插条生根期内源GA3和IAA、可溶性总糖和全氮的含量及IAA /ABA比值, 降低了ABA含量, 对糠椴嫩枝扦插生根有明显的促进作用, 其中以500 mg·kg-1 IBA +发根农杆菌处理的生根效果最好, 插条的生根率、成活苗的生根数、成活苗的根长分别比对照增加了122.08%、65.75%和23.63% , 生根时间比对照缩短了14 d。  相似文献   

13.
Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of growth retardants in controlling height of oriental lily ‘Mona Lisa’. In first experiment flurprimidol was applied as a single foliar spray (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg l−1) or a soil drench (0, 0.1125, 0.225, 0.3375 and 0.45 mg/pot) at two plant growth stages (7 and 15 cm). In second experiment flurprimidol (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg l−1) and daminozide (0, 2500, 3500 and 4500 mg l−1) were applied once or twice as a foliar spray. Daminozide applied once or twice at concentrations of 2500–4500 mg l−1 was ineffective in ‘Mona Lisa’ growth retardation. Flurprimidol was effective growth retardant in reducing stem extension without adverse side-effects. The maximum reduction in plant height obtained was 45% compared to controls. Flowering time was not affected by lower rates of flurprimidol, but it was slightly delayed when retardant was applied at higher doses. The tepal size, leaf size and pedicel length were smaller than those of the control plants. Intensified leaf colour was observed on flurprimidol treated ‘Mona Lisa’. The effect of flurprimidol persisted in the year after treatment.  相似文献   

14.
Current year shoot cuttings were collected in October and August from three growth habits of peach (Compact, Pillar, and Standard) and treated with one of four concentrations of indole butyric acid (0, 250, 1250, and 2500 mg L−1 IBA). Rooting response was measured after 5 weeks in the greenhouse. Little or no rooting occurred with cuttings from any growth habit that was collected in October or in August when treated with 0 and 2500 mg L−1 IBA. In August, the number of shoots that rooted was greater in cuttings from Pillar (79 and 45%) than Compact (13 and 3%) treated with 250 and 1250 mg L−1 IBA, respectively. Cuttings from Standard trees had intermediate rooting of 56 and 6% at 250 and 1250 mg L−1 IBA, respectively. Pillar trees consistently grew more roots with greater root length per cutting than the other growth habits. It is proposed that differences in rooting response among the growth habits may be associated with differences in endogenous auxin concentration that had been found in previous studies. Within peach and possibly other fruit trees, the capacity of shoot cuttings to develop adventitious roots can vary by cultivar and successful root induction with exogenous plant growth regulators may depend, in part, on endogenous hormone levels.  相似文献   

15.
Several factors contributing to the successful rooting of stem cuttings of four peach clones and one almond × peach hybrid under intermittent mist were tested. With the almond × peach cross, leaf-bud cuttings were also tested.Severe cutting back of adult peach mother trees in winter favoured rooting of the cuttings, but less severe cutting back induced maximum roots per cutting.For short periods vermiculite was found to be a suitable medium. Sand alone or mixed with vermiculite or gravel gave poor results. Gravel alone or mixed with vermiculite was intermediate. For growing the rooted cuttings for a longer period, a mixture of perlite and peat was very suitable.A period of illumination of 3 h starting at midnight with incandescent light improved rooting of peach cuttings in August and October, but not in June.With cuttings obtained from old fruit-bearing peach trees highest rooting rates were obtained in July, but best root development occurred when rooting was carried out in October. In July rooting rate of basal cuttings was much higher than that of terminal ones. Success with leaf-bud cuttings (including a small branch piece) obtained from young mother trees of the almond × peach hybrid was only achieved at the end of May or in June.Dipping the base of peach cuttings in water before rooting was of advantage with one cultivar rooted in September, but of no advantage with another cultivar rooted in June.When the base of stem cuttings was dipped for a prolonged period in IBA solutions of various concentrations, highest rooting rates were obtained with 25–50 ppm IBA for peaches and with 200 ppm for the almond × peach hybrid. The addition of Phygon XL to this solution was of some advantage for peach cuttings. The concentration inducing maximum root development was higher than that required for maximum rooting and callusing. The optimal IBA concentration for rooting of almond × peach leaf-bud cuttings was 100 ppm.Penetration of the IBA into the leaf-bud cuttings reached a maximum 45 min a after floating them on a 100 ppm solution.Transplanting cuttings which had been rooted under mist was somewhat difficult; however, high rates of survival were obtained with cuttings planted in September which had developed a good root system.  相似文献   

16.
5个矮生牡丹品种黄化嫩枝扦插技术研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
 研究了牡丹矮生品种‘银粉金鳞’、‘蓝田玉’、‘金玉交章’、‘小胡红’和‘石原白’黄化嫩枝扦插繁殖的关键环节和影响因素。结果表明, 该5 个品种黄化嫩枝生根率依次为91.0%、80.9%、78.6%、40.6%、20.0%; 于10月中旬截取长4～6 cm、基部直径0.5 cm以上的黄化嫩枝, 将形态学下端浸泡在20～25℃的IBA 100 mg/L或‘ABT 2号’150 mg/L中16 h, 扦插于粒径3～4 mm的蛭石基质里,‘银粉金鳞’插穗的生根率最高, 达93% , 且不定根健壮、上盆栽培生长良好。  相似文献   

17.
不同基质与植物生长调节剂对扶桑插条生根的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究了珍珠岩、蛭石、河沙、菜园土、腐殖营养土等不同基质配比、不同生长素调节剂(IBA、IAA、NAA)及其浓度、生长调节剂与多效唑(PP333)混合使用对扶桑插条生根的影响。结果表明:河沙+腐殖营养土等体积混合的基质对生根的效果最好;IBA处理的生根效果较好,其中以IBA 150mg/L处理的生根率最高,为93.67%;IAA的处理中,以低浓度50mg/L的生根率最高,为90.67%;较高浓度NAA的处理平均生根数较多,但生根率较低。用含PP33320mg/L与IAA 50mg/L或与IBA 150mg/L的混合液处理均能提高扶桑插条的生根效果。  相似文献   

18.
Stem cuttings of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) with pre-formed roots responded to a range of IBA and IAA concentrations with increased root emergence and without damage to the cuttings. No similar promotion of rooting was observed in cuttings lacking pre-formed root primordia. The data are discussed with respect to the differentiation and elongation phases of adventitious root formation. Root emergence from oregano cuttings and the continuity of stem vessels into the growing root are described.  相似文献   

19.
Summary

Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is a tree indigenous to tropical America that has been naturalised throughout the Indian sub-continent. The plant is chiefly valued for its carotenoid pigments, annatto. Methods for the clonal propagation of hardwood and softwood cuttings, air-layering, budding, and grafting of annatto were investigated. Hardwood cuttings collected during the wet Summer months (June-July) were treated with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at varying concentrations. The highest percentage rooting (63.4%), along with highest number of roots (8.33 per cutting) were achieved by hardwood cuttings after 12 h of 2.5 mM IAA treatment. Among the various auxin treatments of softwood cuttings, 5.0 mM IBA in combination with 5.0 mM NAA for 5 min resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) rooting percentage (56.7%). The responses of softwood cuttings to an auxin analogue (boric acid) and/or to thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B) were inferior to synthetic auxins. When subjected to air-layering, hardwood branches gave 100% rooting without any application of hormone. Among the different types of budding methods attempted (patch, T, or I), patch budding produced the highest efficiency (78%) of propagation. Splice-grafting could also be used for conventional propagation of annatto, with a 50% survival rate. Annatto can therefore be cloned by adopting these methods. Propagation based on softwood cuttings facilitated moderate-scale cloning of this valuable, elite germplasm.  相似文献   

20.
A high-frequency in vitro rooting method was developed for Bambusa nutans, one of the economically important bamboos in India. Two clones of approximately 10-year-old B. nutans were used for axillary bud proliferation. The effect of carbohydrate source (glucose and sucrose) and auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA) on the in vitro rooting response was evaluated. Rooting percent, mean number of roots and root length were recorded after 14 days of treatment. Successful treatment (49.0 μM IBA and 88 mM glucose in the induction phase for 3 days followed by MS salts with 88 mM sucrose) was repeated four times each with 100 shoots to ascertain the practical utility of the protocol. Addition of glucose along with 49.0 μM IBA during the root induction phase gave 85% rooting success. Anatomical studies in the nodal regions were conducted to determine the effect of glucose on root primordial development and elongation. It was observed that the presence of glucose in the root induction medium is required to recruit more number of root initials. A simple protocol was developed for the large-scale production of B. nutans, where rooting of microshoots developed from mature tissues is always difficult. This study showed that glucose as carbon source and auxin type IBA is essential for in vitro root formation in the cultures raised from mature tissues.  相似文献   

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