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1.
Robert M Zablotowicz L Jason Krutz Cesare Accinelli Krishna N Reddy 《Pest management science》2009,65(6):658-664
BACKGROUND: The objectives of these laboratory experiments were: (1) to assess bromoxynil sorption, mineralization, bound residue formation and extractable residue persistence in a Dundee silt loam collected from 0–2 cm and 2–10 cm depths under continuous conventional tillage and no‐tillage; (2) to assess the effects of autoclaving on bromoxynil mineralization and bound residue formation; (3) to determine the partitioning of non‐extractable residues; and (4) to ascertain the effects of bromoxynil concentration on extractable and bound residues and metabolite formation. RESULTS: Bromoxynil Kd values ranged from 0.7 to 1.4 L kg?1 and were positively correlated with soil organic carbon. Cumulative mineralization (38.5% ± 1.5), bound residue formation (46.5% ± 0.5) and persistence of extractable residues (T1/2 < 1 day) in non‐autoclaved soils were independent of tillage and depth. Autoclaving decreased mineralization and bound residue formation 257‐fold and 6.0‐fold respectively. Bromoxynil persistence in soil was rate independent (T1/2 < 1 day), and the majority of non‐extractable residues (87%) were associated with the humic acid fraction of soil organic matter. CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of tillage or depth, bromoxynil half‐life in native soil is less than 1 day owing to rapid incorporation of the herbicide into non‐extractable residues. Bound residue formation is governed principally by biochemical metabolite formation and primarily associated with soil humic acids that are moderately bioavailable for mineralization. These data indicate that the risk of off‐site transport of bromoxynil residues is low owing to rapid incorporation into non‐extractable residues. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
2.
田间条件下氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯在芒果上的残留及消解动态 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯在芒果上的残留行为,于2012和2013年在中国广东省和广西自治区进行了氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯在芒果上的田间残留及消解动态试验,建立了芒果中氟唑菌酰胺及吡唑醚菌酯残留量的高效液相色谱检测方法。样品用丙酮提取,乙酸乙酯液-液分配萃取,弗罗里硅土柱层析净化,高效液相色谱-二级管阵列紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯在芒果上的消解半衰期分别为7.2～9.1和8.0～11.0 d;采用42.4%吡唑醚菌酯·氟唑菌酯胺悬浮剂（SC）,分别按有效成分200和300 mg/L的剂量于幼果期开始施药,施药3～4次,施药间隔期为10～15 d,距最后一次施药后7和14 d采样测定,芒果中氟唑菌酰胺和吡唑醚菌酯的残留量分别为0.004～0.053和0.004～0.072 mg/kg。其中,吡唑醚菌酯残留量符合中国制定的最大残留限量（MRL）标准（0.05 mg/kg）,根据试验结果,建议中国可将氟唑菌酰胺在芒果上的MRL值暂定为0.2 mg/kg。 相似文献
3.
Although it is well known that judicious use of adjuvants can increase the performance of foliage-applied sprays of many agrochemicals, little information is available in the public domain about their ultimate effects on pesticide residues in treated crops. In the present work, the influence of Agral (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols), Toil (methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids) and Bond (styrene-butadiene copolymers) on surface and crop residues of diclofop-methyl/diclofop and propiconazole in wheat and field beans was investigated using a model system simulating field practice. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations, diclofop-methyl 378 g litre(-1) EC (Hoegrass) and propiconazole 250 g litre(-1) EC (Tilt), at their maximum approved rates, 1135 g AI ha(-1) and 125 g AI ha(-1), respectively, both in the presence or absence of the maximum rate recommended for each candidate adjuvant. No detectable residues of diclofop-methyl or propiconazole were found in wheat 35 days after any of the four applications. However, residues of diclofop were present in this crop, and those from applications containing Agral (0.07 mg kg(-1) fresh weight (FW)) or Bond (0.08 mg kg(-1) FW) were significantly lower than those with no adjuvant (0.14 mg kg(-1) FW) or Toil (0.16 mg kg(-1) FW). Unlike wheat, residues of both diclofop and propiconazole were detected in field beans after harvest. Significantly higher residues of the former were recorded from the applications with Agral or Bond (ca 0.32 mg kg(-1) FW) than with those with no adjuvant or Toil (ca 0.15mg kg(-1) FW). All the propiconazole applications containing adjuvants showed a similar significant increase in residues (0.10-0.16 mg AI kg(-1) FW) over the no-adjuvant treatment (0.05 mg kg(-1) FW) in this crop. There appeared to be little agreement between the apparent amounts of uptake, as indicated by the rates of decline of surface residues up to 5 days after application, and final residues in either target species. On wheat, surface residues of diclofop-methyl decreased from initially ca 20 to as little as 0.02 mg kg(-1) FW using adjuvants; the corresponding values for propiconazole were ca 2 to ca 0.03 mg kg(-1) FW. Recoveries of diclofop-methyl from the surfaces of field beans were much higher than those from wheat, declining from ca 30 to only ca 6 mg kg(-1) FW during the course of 5 days; the corresponding residues for propiconazole were ca 2 mg to 0.15 mg kg(-1) FW. These findings are discussed in relation to uptake results obtained with radiolabelled pesticides and adjuvants in the laboratory, and to the mandatory requirements for pesticide residue data for the authorised use of adjuvants in the UK. 相似文献
4.
稻谷加工过程中4种常用杀虫剂残留的消解规律 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为控制水稻籽粒中农药的残留量,提高稻米食用的安全性,研究了稻谷中三唑磷、毒死蜱、丁硫克百威和氯虫苯甲酰胺4种杀虫剂从农田到餐桌的残留消解规律,阐明了水稻生长后期4种农药的施药期、用药量、采收间隔期与籽粒中农药残留分布的关系,并结合食用加工过程,分析了稻米入口前农药的残留消解情况,评估了稻米食用的安全性。田间试验参照农药登记残留试验准则进行,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定4种农药在稻谷不同加工过种中的残留量。结果表明:脱壳和碾米2种稻谷加工过程对4种农药的去除具有促进作用,其加工因子 (PF) 均小于0.5;稻米食用加工过程中淘洗2次结合高压蒸煮可有效降低4种农药在稻米中的残留量,PF<0.2,可进一步提高农药摄入的安全性。农药种类、施药剂量与采收间隔期和稻米的安全性密切相关。氯虫苯甲酰胺和丁硫克百威主要分布在稻壳和谷糠中,两者占总含量的85%以上,因此即使蜡熟期施药1次,采收间隔期21 d,2种农药也均未检出;而毒死蜱和三唑磷在收获后的籽粒中仍有检出,残留量范围分别为0.032~0.043 mg/kg和0.053~0.073 mg/kg。精米中三唑磷含量分配比随采收间隔期延长先降低后增加,其累积具有显著的滞后性,使得三唑磷残留量高于中国国家标准中规定的最大残留限量 (MRL) 0.05 mg/kg,应适当延长采收间隔期以降低其最终残留量。即使在乳熟期施药,所有剂量处理收获后的大米经淘洗2次结合高压蒸煮后,4种农药的残留水平均低于MRL值。因此,适当的食用加工方式能够有效降低稻米中农药的残留量,提高稻米食用的安全性。 相似文献
5.
浓硫酸净化-气相色谱法检测茶叶中α-硫丹和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了一种茶叶中硫丹和5种拟除虫菊酯类农药(联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯)残留分析的新方法。样品以乙腈提取,浓硫酸-乙醇净化,毛细管柱气相色谱法(GC-ECD)测定。结果表明:在0.005～0.5 mg/kg添加水平内,4种茶叶样品中α-硫丹和5种拟除虫菊酯农药的添加回收率在81.6%～105.9%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.52%～13.0%(n=3)。α-硫丹和5种拟除虫菊酯农药在4种茶叶中的定量限(LOQ)均为0.005 mg/kg。本方法杂质干扰少,准确度及灵敏度满足农药残留检测要求,对检测硬件要求低,适用于茶叶中α-硫丹及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的分析。 相似文献
6.
为明确高效氯氰菊酯和吡丙醚在芥蓝上施用后的残留行为和膳食暴露风险, 研究基于规范田间残留试验、目标农药在芥蓝上残留分析方法, 得到芥蓝中2种农药的残留水平, 结合我国膳食结构不同性别/年龄组食物消费量及体重数据评估了高效氯氰菊酯和吡丙醚对各类消费人群的长期和短期膳食摄入风险。结果表明:高效氯氰菊酯和吡丙醚分别在0.01~1.0 mg/L和0.005~1.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好, 决定系数(R2)≥0.996 7。在3个添加水平下, 芥蓝中2种农药的平均回收率为70.6%~113.4%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%~8.5%, 定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。10%高氯·吡丙醚微乳剂以推荐高剂量施药, 高效氯氰菊酯和吡丙醚在芥蓝中的消解符合一级动力学, 半衰期分别为3.9~10.1 d和4.8~6.3 d。最终残留试验结果表明, 最后一次施药3、5、7、10 d后, 芥蓝中高效氯氰菊酯的最终残留量≤0.904 mg/kg, 吡丙醚的最终残留量≤0.202 mg/kg。膳食风险评估表明, 我国不同人群的长期慢性暴露风险最大值为27.26%;短期急性暴露风险最大值为67.17%, 表明对不同年龄段、不同性别人群健康不会产生不可接受的风险。 相似文献
7.
Two 10-day field residue studies were conducted to measure the amount of chlorpyrifos residue found in typical avian food following applications of a commercial 480 g liter(-1) EC (Lorsban 4E) at 1.1 kg AI ha(-1) (1 lb AI acre(-1)) to alfalfa and at 2.3 kg Al ha(-1) (2.0 lb AI acre(-1)) to citrus. Avian food items used in these studies included: crickets (Acheta domestica (L)), earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L), darkling ground beetle larvae (Tenebrio molitor L), seed heads (Triticum sp), and naturally occurring flying and ground-dwelling insects. The studies incorporated a design involving three main study plots placed within larger treated areas of an alfalfa crop and a mature orange grove. The three main study plots represented three replications and each contained four sub-plots. One sub-plot, on each study plot, was sampled on day 0 (2-h post-application), day 1, day 5 and day 10 post-application. Chlorpyrifos residues were present in all avian food sampled following the application; however, residue levels were lower than estimated residue values typically used by the US EPA to establish expected environmental concentration (EEC) used in screening assessments of risk to terrestrial wildlife. 相似文献
8.
为评估桃中吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇残留的膳食风险，开展了8个典型地域的规范残留试验，研究了收获期2种农药残留物在桃中的最终残留。利用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪 (HPLC-MS/MS)，通过改进，建立了吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇在桃中残留的分析方法。结果表明:在0.01~4.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内，吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇的进样浓度与峰面积之间具有良好线性关系(R2≥0.9906)。添加水平为0.01~4.0 mg/kg时，桃中吡唑醚菌酯的回收率范围为88%~92%，相对标准偏差 (RSD) 为5.6%~18.7%，戊唑醇的回收率范围为96%~106%，RSD为0.8%~13.2%。吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇在桃全果中的半衰期分别为7.9~13.9 d和5.4~8.9 d；在桃全果中的残留中值 (STMR) 分别为0.037和0.053 mg/kg，最高残留值 (HR) 分别为0.16和0.24 mg/kg。距末次施药后28 d，桃中吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇残留量对风险商 (RQ) 的贡献率 (RQc) 分别为0.02%和0.03%，说明通过桃摄入的吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇对我国一般人群产生的长期膳食暴露风险较低。对于短期膳食暴露风险，吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇的国家估算短期摄入量 (NESTI) 分别占急性参考剂量 (ARfD) 的0.4%和2%，对于1~6岁儿童分别占2%和4%，短期膳食暴露风险亦处于可接受水平。基于本次规范残留试验结果，总体上可认为，严格按照良好农业操作规范和标签推荐的方式施用，吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇在桃树上使用的长期和短期膳食暴露风险均是可接受的。 相似文献
9.
中国食品中农药MRL标准对急性膳食暴露评估需求的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了评估当前国内相关农药最大残留限量(MRL)标准及我国居民的急性膳食暴露风险水平,采用FAO/WHO农药残留专家联席会议(JMPR)推荐的农药残留急性膳食暴露评估方法,利用我国居民大份额膳食消费数据、国内登记农药的规范残留试验数据和JMPR推荐的农药毒理学数据,对我国普通人群、0~6岁儿童和育龄妇女的农药残留摄入情况进行了急性膳食暴露评估。结果表明:白菜中的虫螨腈和丙森锌、甘蓝中的高效氯氰菊酯和灭多威对三类人群的国家估算急性暴露水平(NESTI)均大于急性参考剂量(ARf D);香蕉中的氟硅唑对0~6岁儿童和普通人群的NESTI分别为ARf D值的300%和160%;苹果中的二氰蒽醌、甘蓝中的高效氯氟氰菊酯、花椰菜中的阿维菌素及番茄中的丙森锌仅对0~6岁儿童有较高的急性膳食暴露风险;儿童相比其他人群摄入农药残留的急性膳食暴露风险更高、概率更大。建议我国采取相应的风险管理措施,降低农药残留摄入的急性膳食风险,同时尽快完善短期膳食消费数据库和农药残留数据库,在制定农药MRL标准时进行相应的急性膳食暴露评估,以保障消费者的农药急性膳食暴露风险在可接受水平。 相似文献
10.
Karazafiris E Tananaki C Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U Thrasyvoulou A 《Pest management science》2008,64(2):165-171
Acaricide used in beehives for the control of varroa often leaves residues in bee products. The behaviour and distribution of the acaricide coumaphos in honey following the application of a new slow-release strip formulation (CheckMite+) was assessed. The bee colonies were allowed to build new combs without foundation, and two strips were hung in the brood chamber of each colony for a period of 42 days. The distribution of coumaphos residues in honey in relation to the position of the frame and the duration of treatment was examined by collecting samples from each comb at various time intervals up to 145 days after treatment. In the brood chamber, coumaphos was incorporated into honey from the first day of application, and residues accumulated mainly in combs placed next to strips. In the adjacent combs, residues remained at low concentrations with slight variations. In the honey chamber, residue concentrations on the day of strip removal ranged between 0.006 and 0.020 mg kg(-1), while 79 days after application the concentration of coumaphos residues was below 0.020 mg kg(-1). Residues above the EC fixed maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.1 mg kg(-1) were measured only in brood chamber honey obtained from those combs placed next to strips. In these samples, 0.060-0.111 mg kg(-1) of coumaphos was detected up to 103 days after strip removal. Coumaphos residues in honey extracted from combs that were placed at the edge of the brood chamber were found below the MRL value, even during the 42 day period of CheckMite+ strip treatment. 相似文献
11.
A 'step-by-step' method was used to develop a simplified procedure for calculating pesticide residue levels on fruit at harvest by considering the application of the compound and the relevant routes of loss. The model is applicable to cases where the most important exposure route is by direct spray to the canopy of the crop and where uptake into the plant by the roots can be disregarded. The exposure dose is calculated by considering the proportion of total crop cover represented by the fruits. The loss processes considered are photodegradation, uptake, volatilization and washoff.The outputs of the model were compared with measured residues of pesticides on pear. Analysis of the model fit demonstrates that the model predicted the measured data with a good level of accuracy for four of seven investigated pesticides. The predicted/observed quotients are close to 1, as is the modelling efficiency, and there are no great differences between the predicted and observed values. Taking into account the extreme simplicity of the model and the complexity of the environmental processes considered, these results encourage further research into the modelling of residue behaviour in food commodities.The objectives of this work were to produce a tool to predict pesticide residues in products of plant origin, to complement monitoring of pesticide levels and to be useful in evaluating the effect of government policies on food safety. All predicted values were below the maximum levels fixed for pesticide residues in pear, as amended in Council Directives 86/362/EEC and 90/642/EEC. Copyright (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献
12.
QuEChERS-气相色谱法检测苎麻及其土壤中8种有机磷农药残留 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
建立了采用QuEChERS-气相色谱快速检测苎麻及其土壤中8种有机磷农药残留的方法。样品用乙腈或乙腈-超纯水提取,苎麻叶样品用N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)配合石墨化炭黑(GCB)净化,土壤和苎麻杆样品经PSA净化,最后用丙酮置换乙腈,气相色谱-FPD检测,外标法定量。结果表明,在0.05～0.5 mg/kg添加水平范围内,8种农药在土壤、苎麻杆和苎麻叶样品中的平均添加回收率在71.1%～114.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%～14.6%,检出限(LOD)在0.006～0.016 mg/kg之间,定量限(LOQ)在0.020～0.050 mg/kg之间。该方法准确、快速、方便,适用于有机磷类农药在苎麻叶、苎麻杆和土壤中的残留检测。 相似文献
13.
14.
丁醚脲在柑橘及其土壤中的残留及消解动态 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
建立了丁醚脲在柑橘及橘园土壤中残留测定的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）检测方法,研究了其在柑橘和土壤中的消解动态及最终残留。样品采用乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）净化,UPLC-MS/MS 检测。结果表明:在0.01、0.1和1 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,丁醚脲在柑橘全果、果肉和果皮中的回收率在84% ~89%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.6% ~7.2%,在土壤中的回收率为83% ~86%,RSD为2.2% ~5.6%;在广东、广西和福建3地柑橘及土壤中,其消解半衰期分别为3.7 ~4.4 d和4.1~5.4 d,表明丁醚脲消解较快;采用 500 g/L丁醚脲悬浮剂（SC）,分别按有效成分500和750 mg/L 的剂量于幼果期开始施药,施药2~3次,施药间隔期为10 ~14 d,距最后一次施药后21 d采样测定,柑橘果肉中丁醚脲的残留量均<0.01 mg/kg ,全果中的最终残留量均低于我国制定的丁醚脲在柑橘中的最大允许残留限量（MRL）标准（0.2 mg/kg）。 相似文献
15.
Since mint oil is used as a flavouring agent for foods and cosmetics, pesticide residues in the oil are undesirable. The residual behaviour of two pesticides, phorate and methomyl, was studied as replacements for chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides which leave residues in the oil. Phorate applications of 1.1 kg/ha resulted in oil residues of 0.24 mg/kg total phorate in Oregon samples and 1.69 mg/kg in Washington samples. Less than 1% of the residues in the hay distilled with the oil. Mint oil undergoes a 100- to 1000-fold dilution in commercial use with a corresponding reduction of residues in the final product. No residues of methomyl were found in the oil, even with hay residues as high as 5.34 mg/kg. Residues in hay decreased to half of initial levels in 2 to 4 days, independently of use conditions. It was concluded that the proposed use of phorate or methomyl for control of mint pests does not present a residue hazard. Details of the analytical methods used are also presented. 相似文献
16.
三唑磷在竹笋中的残留分析与消解动态 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
运用气相色谱法分析了竹笋中三唑磷的残留量和消解动态,建立了三唑磷的消解动态方程。竹笋样品经乙腈匀浆、净化后,在DB-1701色谱柱中分离并采用GC-FPD分析,当添加水平为0.01~0.1 mg/kg时,竹笋中三唑磷的平均添加回收率为94.0% ~101.5%,相对标准偏差在1.6% ~18.2%之间,以3倍基线噪音作为最小检出限,得到最小检出量为5×10-12 g,最低检测浓度为 0.01 mg/kg。田间残留消解试验表明: 竹笋对三唑磷的吸收在施药后1 d达到高峰,之后缓慢下降,药后30 d接近最低检测浓度0.01 mg/kg,半衰期为3.7 d,消解到0.01 mg/kg的时间为药后30.2 d,其消解方程ct=2.738 5e-0.186 t。建议三唑磷在竹笋上的安全间隔期应大于21 d。 相似文献
17.
气相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测玉米粉中乙草胺、异丙甲草胺和三唑酮残留 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立了玉米粉中乙草胺、异丙甲草胺和三唑酮残留检测的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品采用乙腈浸提3 h、过两次0.22μm尼龙66微孔过滤膜后,以气相色谱-串联质谱EI离子源,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测。结果表明:在0.005~1 mg/L范围内,3种供试农药的质量浓度与其相应的峰面积间呈良好的线性关系,决定系数(R2)均大于0.999。在0.025、0.050和0.25 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,3种农药的平均回收率为95%~101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~2.2%(n=6)。3种农药在玉米粉中的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.05、0.05和0.2μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、简单,适用于同时快速检测玉米粉中乙草胺、异丙甲草胺和三唑酮的残留量。 相似文献
18.
两种施药器械对水稻中吡蚜酮残留量影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文建立了水稻样品中吡蚜酮的LC-MS/MS检测方法,同时2019年进行了背负式喷雾器和植保无人机施用吡蚜酮农药试验,对两种器械施药方式下吡蚜酮在水稻样品中的残留量进行了比较。结果表明,吡蚜酮在稻谷和植株空白样品添加的平均回收率在72%~104%之间,相对标准偏差在4%~11%之间,稻谷和植株中的定量限分别为0.01和0.02mg/kg。在同一用量下,在施药后2h和14d,稻谷和植株中吡蚜酮残留量表现为:植保无人机>人工背负式喷雾器。因此在采用植保无人机施药防治病虫害时,需关注农产品中残留量的变化。 相似文献
19.
草莓中吡虫啉和氟硅唑残留的膳食暴露风险 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确吡虫啉和氟硅唑在草莓上施用后可能产生的膳食暴露风险,进行了规范的田间残留试验及对不同人群的膳食风险评估。结果表明:保护地栽培条件下,吡虫啉、氟硅唑在草莓上的消解速率符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为6.3 d和9.9~11.5 d。10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂(WP)分别按有效成分37.5和56.25 g/hm2剂量于草莓果实为成熟个体一半大小时开始施药,共施2~3次,每次间隔7 d,于末次施药后3、5、7、10 d时分别采样测定,草莓中吡虫啉的残留量在0.022~0.16 mg/kg之间;400 g/L的氟硅唑乳油(EC)分别按有效成分45和67.5 g/hm2剂量于草莓果实为成熟个体一半大小时开始施药,共施2~3次,每次间隔7 d,于末次施药后3、5、7、10 d时分别采样测定,氟硅唑在草莓中的残留量为0.079~0.30 mg/kg。基于此残留试验数据、各类食物的日平均膳食摄入量及每日允许摄入量(ADI),计算得到中国各类人群中吡虫啉和氟硅唑暴露的风险商(RQ)。结果表明:草莓中吡虫啉和氟硅唑的急性风险商(ARQ)分别为其急性参考剂量(ARfD)的0.18%~1.0%和10%~37.7%,不存在不可接受的急性膳食暴露风险;草莓中吡虫啉和氟硅唑的慢性风险商(CRQ)分别为其ADI值的18.6%~85.3%和68.3%~316.4%,其中氟硅唑对2~4岁幼童的暴露风险超过100%,存在明显风险,但草莓中的氟硅唑对其全膳食暴露风险的贡献率不超过3.2%,并非其主要风险源;两种农药对其他暴露人群均不存在明显膳食风险。中国尚未制定草莓中吡虫啉和氟硅唑的最大残留限量(MRL)值,本研究推荐的吡虫啉和氟硅唑的MRL值对消费者长期慢性暴露风险的保护水平(CPLc)分别为18~109倍和2~13倍,短期急性暴露风险的保护水平(CPLa)分别为121~725倍及6~36倍,对消费者的保护水平均较高。建议:草莓中吡虫啉和氟硅唑的MRL值均可定为0.5 mg/kg,安全间隔期可分别为3 d和5 d;但对于2~4岁幼童,应充分关注氟硅唑对其的慢性膳食暴露风险。 相似文献
20.
为了评价氟环唑在小麦生产上使用的残留安全性,建立了气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测氟环唑在小麦植株、小麦籽粒及土壤中残留的分析方法,并对氟环唑在小麦植株、小麦籽粒和土壤中的最终残留量及小麦植株和土壤中的消解动态进行了研究。结果表明:在添加水平为0.01、0.1和2 mg/kg（小麦籽粒和土壤）和0.01、0.1和10 mg/kg（小麦植株）下,氟环唑的回收率为82%~93%,相对标准偏差为3.0%~9.7%。氟环唑在小麦植株、小麦籽粒和土壤中的定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。氟环唑在小麦植株和土壤中的消解半衰期分别为3.5~8.4和10~30 d。当以有效成分112.5 g/hm2的剂量施药2次、采收间隔期为21 d时,小麦籽粒中氟环唑的残留量为<0.05 mg/kg,低于中国制定的小麦中氟环唑的最大残留限量值（0.05 mg/kg）。建议氟环唑在小麦上使用时最大剂量为有效成分112.5 g/hm2,施药2次,安全间隔期为21 d。 相似文献