共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
啶酰菌胺与氟啶胺复配物对水稻纹枯病菌和草莓灰霉病菌的增效作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明啶酰菌胺与氟啶胺复配物对水稻纹枯病菌和草莓灰霉病菌的增效潜力,采用菌丝生长速率法测定啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺复配物对水稻纹枯病菌和草莓灰霉病菌的抑制效果,并根据Wadley方法评价复配物增效作用。结果表明:啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺对水稻纹枯病菌均具有抑制作用,其EC50分别为0.483 6μg/mL和0.054 1μg/mL。将啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺按照1∶5、1∶4、1∶3、1∶2、1∶1、2∶3、3∶2、5∶1、4∶1、3∶1和2∶1的比例进行复配,结果表明:按照1∶2、3∶2、5∶1、4∶1、3∶1和2∶1复配对水稻纹枯病菌均具有增效作用,其中以3∶1和3∶2比例复配增效最佳,增效系数分别为7.7和5.46;以1∶1、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5和2∶3复配对水稻纹枯病菌具有相加作用。啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺对草莓灰霉病菌也具有抑制作用,其EC50分别为1.637 1μg/mL和0.028 3μg/mL。将啶酰菌胺和氟啶胺按照上述相同11种比例进行复配,结果显示比例为1∶5、1∶4、1∶1、5∶1、4∶1等8种复配物对草莓灰霉病菌具有相加作用,其中以2∶1和1∶2比例复配相加效果最佳,增效系数分别为1.30和1.00,但比例为3∶2等其他比例复配则对草莓灰霉病菌表现出拮抗作用。 相似文献
2.
4种杀菌剂及其复配剂对番茄灰霉病菌的毒力 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了咯菌腈、氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺和苯醚甲环唑4种杀菌剂及其两元复配剂对番茄灰霉病菌的毒力。结果显示,咯菌腈、氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺和苯醚甲环唑对番茄灰霉病菌的有效抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为:0.018 0、0.018 1、1.896 8和2.087 4μg/mL。复配剂啶酰菌胺∶苯醚甲环唑1∶5、1∶3和1∶1,咯菌腈∶苯醚甲环唑1∶5增效作用最明显;复配剂咯菌腈∶苯醚甲环唑1∶3,咯菌腈∶氟啶胺1∶3,啶酰菌胺∶咯菌腈5∶1,啶酰菌胺∶苯醚甲环唑3∶1具有增效作用,SR值范围为1.5~4.05,其中以复配剂啶酰菌胺∶苯醚甲环唑1∶5增效作用最好,其SR值为4.05;其余不同配比的各组合复配剂具有相加作用,其SR值范围为0.5~1.46。表明咯菌腈、氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺和苯醚甲环唑4种不同作用机制的杀菌剂可以交替或复配使用,以阻止或延缓灰霉病菌抗药性的进一步加剧,为灰霉病的综合防控和抗药性治理提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为验证哈茨木霉菌与啶酰菌胺联用对番茄灰霉病菌的增效作用,采用显微镜观察法观察了菌药联用后哈茨木霉菌和番茄灰霉病菌的菌丝形态,用菌丝生长速率法和圆盘滤膜法测定了菌药联用后哈茨木霉菌挥发性物质、非挥发性物质和粗酶液对番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性.结果显示:啶酰菌胺对哈茨木霉菌的菌丝基本无影响,但能使灰霉病菌的菌丝发生间断性溶解;菌药联用后哈茨木霉菌挥发性物质对灰霉病菌的最高抑菌活性为61.17％,而哈茨木霉菌和啶酰菌胺单独对灰霉病菌的抑菌活性分别为48.79％、0.97％,表现增效作用;菌药联用后哈茨木霉菌非挥发性物质和粗酶液对番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性未明显增强.研究表明,啶酰菌胺与哈茨木霉菌联用的增效机制是啶酰菌胺导致灰霉病菌的菌丝部分溶解,同时增强了哈茨木霉菌挥发性物质对灰霉病菌的抑菌活性. 相似文献
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河北省设施番茄灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺和咯菌腈的敏感性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确河北省设施番茄灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺和咯菌腈的敏感性,2013-2016年,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了采自河北省八个地区的2 425株灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺和咯菌腈的敏感性。2013-2016年监测数据显示,河北省设施番茄灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺和咯菌腈的敏感性呈下降趋势。2016年从河北省不同地区采集的番茄灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺具有相似的敏感性,且对啶酰菌胺产生了低水平的抗性,仅在唐山地区检测到了啶酰菌胺的高抗菌株;而不同地区采集的灰霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性具有差异,但均为咯菌腈的敏感菌株。因此,啶酰菌胺和咯菌腈仍可用于番茄灰霉病的防治,但应严格控制其使用频率,监测灰霉病菌对其敏感性变化动态。 相似文献
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为明确中国福建省番茄灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性及其与不同杀菌剂的交互抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了106株采自福建省主要番茄产区的番茄灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性。结果表明,氟啶胺对福建省番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的EC50值在0.0037～0.0452 μg/mL之间,平均值为（0.0221 ±0.0098）μg/mL,其敏感性频率分布呈连续单峰曲线,符合正态分布,因此可将该EC50平均值（0.0221±0.0098）μg/mL作为福建省番茄灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感基线,用于其田间抗药性监测。从106株菌株中选择15株对氟啶胺敏感性不同的菌株,测定了其对嘧霉胺、异菌脲、腐霉利和啶氧菌酯的敏感性。结果表明,供试5种杀菌剂对15株番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的平均抑制活性依次为氟啶胺 >异菌脲 >腐霉利 >啶氧菌酯 >嘧霉胺,氟啶胺与异菌脲、腐霉利、啶氧菌酯和嘧霉胺之间均不存在交互抗性。 相似文献
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灰霉病是葡萄生产上的重要病害之一,严重影响葡萄果实的品质和产量。为明确葡萄灰霉病菌对四霉素和啶酰菌胺的敏感性,本研究分别采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了四霉素和啶酰菌胺对采自云南省宾川县、湖北省武汉市和辽宁省北镇市60株葡萄灰霉病菌的有效抑制中浓度EC50,建立了敏感性基线,并分析了二者之间的交互抗性。结果显示,葡萄灰霉病菌对四霉素和啶酰菌胺的敏感基线分别为0.245和1.115 μg/mL;上述葡萄灰霉病菌均对四霉素敏感,而11.7%的菌株表现为啶酰菌胺抗性。并且四霉素与啶酰菌胺之间不存在交互抗性(r=-0.040,P>0.05)。因此,四霉素可作为防治葡萄灰霉病的候选药剂,研究结果对两种杀菌剂的科学使用以及葡萄灰霉病的可持续防控具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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抗啶酰菌胺蔬菜灰霉病菌突变体的诱导及其生物学性状 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评价蔬菜灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺的抗性风险,采用紫外线照射和药剂驯化相结合的诱导方法,对蔬菜灰霉病菌D9、L17、J9亲本敏感菌株进行了室内啶酰菌胺抗性诱导,并采用菌落直径法比较了抗、感菌株在生物学性状方面的差异。结果显示,共获得不同抗性水平的突变体23株,其中突变体D9-4的抗性倍数为253.76倍,达高抗水平。突变体菌丝生长速率较敏感菌株有所下降,抗、感菌株的适宜生长温度均为25 ℃,敏感菌株最适pH为5,突变体最适pH为7,突变体适应酸碱度和温度变化的能力较敏感菌株差;低抗突变体产孢量和孢子萌发率与敏感菌株无显著差异,但高抗突变体产孢量和孢子萌发率较敏感菌株显著降低;在无药条件下,敏感菌株致病力强于抗性突变体,而在药剂胁迫下,突变体表现出一定的耐药性,致病力强于敏感菌株;6株突变体无药继代培养15代后,突变体抗性稳定遗传。此外,蔬菜灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺与其它5种杀菌剂之间没有交互抗性。研究表明,蔬菜灰霉病菌抗啶酰菌胺突变体适合度较低,但在药剂选择压力下容易形成啶酰菌胺抗性群体,在生产中需引起注意。 相似文献
8.
吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑混合物对茄链格孢的联合毒力及其对马铃薯产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为明确吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑混合物对茄链格孢Alternaria solani毒力的增效作用,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑及其不同比例混合物对茄链格孢的毒力,以Wadley公式评价其联合毒力,并通过田间试验评价了混合物对马铃薯早疫病的防治效果及其对马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明:吡唑醚菌酯与苯醚甲环唑质量比为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1、5∶1、1∶2和1∶5的混合物对抑制菌丝生长表现为增效,其中配比1∶2的增效最明显,增效系数(SR)为2.05,但该配比混合物对抑制分生孢子萌发仅表现为相加作用(SR 1.29)。在田间药效试验中,配比为1∶2的混合物对马铃薯早疫病的防效显著高于相同剂量的单剂及其他常用药剂的防效,增产率达46.8%,亦显著高于对照药剂。 相似文献
9.
番茄早疫病菌抗啶酰菌胺菌株的适合度及生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了评价番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani对啶酰菌胺的抗性风险,采用菌丝直径法和孢子萌发法探讨番茄早疫病菌抗啶酰菌胺菌株的适合度变化和生物学性状差异。结果表明:番茄早疫病菌对啶酰菌胺的抗性可稳定遗传;与敏感菌株相比,抗性菌株的菌丝生长减慢,产孢量明显增多,病斑直径达8.5 mm以上,致病力显著增强,产毒量也有增加的趋势,但孢子萌发率无显著差异;啶酰菌胺对抗性菌株的防效显著下降为64.17%~33.49%;抗性菌株的最适p H范围变宽为5~9;中抗菌株的最适温度(25℃)、最佳碳源(淀粉和乳糖)和氮源(蛋白胨)没发生变化,但高抗和极高抗菌株的最适温度范围变宽为25~30℃,最适碳、氮源发生了变化。其中,高抗菌株的最适碳、氮源分别为乳糖和大豆粉;极高抗菌株的最适碳源为淀粉,最适氮源为玉米粉和蛋白胨。表明番茄早疫病菌对啶酰菌胺产生抗性后,较易存活而形成优势群体,因此需采取一定措施延缓抗性的发展、延长啶酰菌胺的使用期限。 相似文献
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11.
为提高现有生物农药对番茄灰霉病的防治效果,本文研究了中生菌素和纳他霉素的复配制剂对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用以及田间防病效果,确定了二者复配的增效作用及适宜配比。结果表明,中生菌素和纳他霉素质量比为9:1和1:1时,复配制剂对菌丝生长的抑制作用明显,具增效作用,增效系数分别为3.6348和1.7145;二者质量比为9:1、7:3和1:1时,对孢子萌发的抑制具有增效作用,增效系数分别为1.7268、1.6335和1.5336。田间试验表明,3%中生菌素·纳他霉素可湿性粉剂(9:1)500倍稀释液防病效果最好,施药7 d后对叶片和果实上的灰霉病防效分别达到81.04%和78.48%,显著高于单一制剂的防病效果。上述结果表明,适当配比的中生菌素与纳他霉素复配制剂对番茄灰霉病的防治效果显著增强,对生物农药的田间应用具有实际指导意义。 相似文献
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Wassim Habib Carine Saab Robert Malek Louis Kattoura Caterina Rotolo Elvis Gerges Farah Baroudy Stefania Pollastro Francesco Faretra Rita M. De Miccolis Angelini 《Plant pathology》2020,69(8):1453-1468
Tomato and strawberry are the most important protected crops in Lebanon and are seriously affected by grey mould disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea. In the present study, the fungicide sensitivity assays revealed medium to high frequencies of B. cinerea isolates resistant to benzimidazoles, dicarboximides, and anilinopyrimidines on tomato and strawberry. Fludioxonil- and boscalid-resistant mutants were uncommonly found at generally low frequency on both crops. Resistance to fenhexamid was detected in only one site on tomato but in most sites on strawberry with high frequencies, and the occurrence of resistance to QoI fungicides was ascertained on both crops. The majority of the tested isolates (>90%) exhibited multiple fungicide resistance, and isolates resistant to the seven antibotrydial fungicide classes were detected on strawberry in three locations. A high level of resistance was shown by B. cinerea mutants resistant to boscalid, fenhexamid, and QoI fungicides, while two levels of moderate and high resistance to anilinopyrimidines were identified. Genetic analysis revealed point mutations in the target genes commonly associated with resistance in B. cinerea isolates, with all mutants resistant to dicarboximides, fenhexamid, boscalid, and QoI fungicides carrying single-nucleotide polymorphims in BcOS1 (I365S/N, Q369P, and N373S), Erg27 (F412V/I), SdhB (H272R/Y), and cytb (G143A) genes, respectively. The general incorrect use of fungicides has caused the development and spread of fungicide resistance as a widespread phenomenon on protected tomato and strawberry in Lebanon. The implementation of appropriate antiresistance strategies is highly recommended. 相似文献
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拮抗细菌FD6分离自福建闽侯青口青菜根围土壤,采用凹玻片法和离体叶片接种法测定菌株FD6的抑菌能力,经16S rDNA序列比对和相关生理生化性状分析,对生防细菌FD6进行了鉴定,并通过PCR扩增、薄层层析、薄层色谱生物自显影等探讨FD6产生抗生素的种类及其抑菌效果。结果表明,FD6的细菌悬浮液可显著抑制灰霉病菌分生孢子萌发,抑制率达99%,FD6培养滤液的抑制率仅为31%;细菌悬浮液对番茄灰霉病防效达59.7%。FD6的16S rDNA序列与假单胞菌属Pseudomonas的相似性达99%,系统进化树显示与荧光假单胞菌P.fluorescens遗传距离最近,结合生理生化表型特征将FD6菌株鉴定为荧光假单胞菌P.fluorescens。菌株FD6可产生硝吡咯菌素、2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚、藤黄绿脓菌素、嗜铁素、氢氰酸和蛋白酶等抗菌物质,不产生吩嗪-1-羧酸,其中,硝吡咯菌素可直接抑制番茄灰霉病菌孢子萌发和菌丝的生长。 相似文献
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Stefanos Kalogiannis Sotirios E. Tjamos Anastasia Stergiou Polymnia P. Antoniou Basil N. Ziogas Eleftherios C. Tjamos 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(1):69-76
Phyllosphere yeasts antagonistic to the infective activity of Botrytis cinerea were isolated from leaves of greenhouse-grown tomatoes and evaluated in a detached leaf assay for their ability to suppress grey mould. Nine of 30 recovered yeast isolates were found to reduce a disease index by >90% when compared to an untreated control. In greenhouse experiments, the yeast isolate Rhodotorula glutinis Y-44 was the most efficient in controlling grey mould of tomato plants. In further experiments in greenhouse-grown tomato plants the effectiveness of R. glutinis Y-44 was compared with two commercial fungicides. It was demonstrated that R. glutinis Y-44 was as effective as fungicides in controlling the pathogen. Moreover, the population of R. glutinis Y-44 was monitored for 8 weeks after application on tomato plants. The isolate successfully colonized the plant surface, although the population decreased by 10-fold 8 weeks after application. Since B. cinerea is also a major post-harvest pathogen for tomato fruits, the ability of R.␣glutinis Y-44, to protect artificially infected wounded tomato fruits was also tested. It was shown that R.␣glutinis Y-44 was able to reduce by 50% the percentage of infected wounds compared to the untreated controls. 相似文献
15.
Loukas Kanetis Souzana Christodoulou Tefkros Iacovides 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(3):527-540
Botrytis cinerea is a complex species prone to fungicide resistance and characterized by enormous genetic diversity. During 2013, 220 B. cinerea isolates causing gray mold were collected from greenhouse-grown crops in the regions of Ammochostos, Larnaca, and Limassol (Cyprus). Sensitivities of the sampled populations to seven botryticides with different modes of action were screened in vitro. The results of this in vitro screening highlighted the widespread phenomenon of fungicide resistance in greenhouses, since only 8.6 % of the isolates were sensitive to all botryticides. Resistance to thiophanate-methyl was the most prevalent, with frequencies ranging from 53.8 % to 80 %. Similarly, high resistance frequencies were observed for pyraclostrobin (27.1 to 78.9 %) and boscalid (28.2 to 66.2 %). Multiple fungicide resistant phenotypes were predominant, covering 67.3 % of the population, with frequencies of 80.0, 37.5, 53.8, 83.1, and 60.2 % in cucumber, eggplant, green bean, strawberry, and tomato, respectively. No fludioxonil-resistant isolates were observed. Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis group S genotypes comprised the gray mold population. B. cinerea was predominant within cucumber, eggplant and strawberry, whereas both genotypes were in equilibrium in green bean and tomato. However, Botrytis group S was found in all hosts. B. cinerea was the most prevalent in the majority of fungicide resistance phenotypes from strawberry, while genotype distributions within tomato were generally more balanced. B. pseudocinerea was not detected in the sampled population. Overall, frequency of the mating type allele MAT1–1 was higher to MAT1–2, underlying their unequal distribution in the population. However, cases of 1:1 distribution were apparent within particular subpopulations, suggesting that mating in the field cannot be excluded. 相似文献
16.
纳他霉素对灰葡萄孢不同生育阶段菌体的毒力及其生物学性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以多菌灵为对照药剂,采用生长速率法、悬滴法和浸渍法分别测定了不同温度下纳他霉素对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和菌核萌发的毒力,研究了常温下两种药剂对菌株产孢和菌核形成的影响。结果表明:纳他霉素及多菌灵对灰葡萄孢不同生育阶段菌体的抑制作用随温度降低而有不同程度增强;分生孢子对药剂最为敏感;温度对药剂对菌丝毒力的影响最显著;多菌灵对菌株不同发育阶段的抑制活性均高于纳他霉素。供试药剂对菌株产孢时间和菌核产生时间无显著影响,但多菌灵可显著刺激菌株产孢和菌核形成。 相似文献
17.
Zhonghua Ma Leiyan Yan Themis J. Michailides 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(3):300-306
The complete two-component histidine kinase gene (Bos1) was sequenced from eight dicarboximide-resistant (DR) and six-sensitive (DS) field isolates of Botrytis cinerea. Comparisons in the predicted amino acid sequences of Bos1 showed that each two DR isolates had a single point mutation at amino acid position 365 from an isoleucine to serine (I365S) or to an asparagine (I365N). Three DR isolates were characterized with a change from glutamine to proline at position 369 (Q369P) as well as an asparagine to serine at the position 373 (N373S). These mutations located within the 90-amino-acid repeats of Bos1 have been reported previously. One new mutation, however, was found in the DR isolate 65-E8. In this isolate, a null mutation at the amino acid position 1040 in the Bos1 was detected. Inoculation tests showed that this isolate was nearly nonpathogenic to cucumber. After the Bos1 gene from the sensitive isolate 38B1 was transferred into the resistant isolate 65-E8, all transformants tested were sensitive to iprodione and capable of infecting cucumber. DNA fingerprint generated by micro-satellite primed-PCR showed that isolates were not clustered based on their sensitivity to iprodione. Results from this study indicate that mutations in the Bos1 gene associated with dicarboximide resistance are diverse in B. cinerea, and the Bos1 gene is associated with virulence of B. cinerea. 相似文献
18.
BACKGROUND: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) constitute a fungicide class with increasing relevance in crop protection. These fungicides could play a crucial role in successful management of grey mould disease. In the present study the effect of fluopyram, a novel SDHI fungicide, on several developmental stages of Botrytis cinerea was determined in vitro, and the protective and curative activity against the pathogen was determined on strawberry fruit. Furthermore, fungal baseline sensitivity was determined in a set of 192 pathogen isolates. RESULTS: Inhibition of germ tube elongation was found to be the most sensitive growth stage affected by fluopyram, while mycelial growth was found to be the least sensitive growth stage. Fluopyram provided excellent protective activity against B. cinerea when applied at 100 µg mL?1 96, 48 or 24 h before the artificial inoculation of the strawberry fruit. Similarly, fluopyram showed a high curative activity when it was applied at 100 µg mL?1 24 h post‐inoculation, but, when applications were conducted 48 or 96 h post‐inoculation, disease control efficacy was modest or low. The measurement of baseline sensitivity showed that it was unimodal in all the populations tested. The individual EC50 values for fluopyram ranged from 0.03 to 0.29 µg mL?1. In addition, no correlation was found between sensitivity to fluopyram and sensitivity to other fungicides, including cyprodinil, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, iprodione, boscalid and pyraclostrobin. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained biological activity, baseline sensitivity and cross‐resistance relationship data suggest that fluopyram could play a key role in grey mould management in the near future and encourage its introduction into spray programmes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献