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1.
红壤性水稻土稀土元素组分分布与变异性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了具有代表性的 4种母质发育、3种水育型的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤的∑REE、∑LREE和∑HREE ,分析了其分布特点和剖面变异性 ,表明 :(1)红壤性水稻土的∑REE平均水平和离散性均大于全国水稻土平均水平 :(2 )不同母质发育的供试土壤的∑REE和∑LREE的平均水平依玄武岩母质土壤系列 >石英闪长岩母质土壤系列 >黑云母花岗岩母质土壤系列 >凝灰岩母质土壤系列顺序递减 ;(3 )土壤剖面稀土组分体系的变异程度为 :∑LREE >∑HREE >∑REE ;而在不同水育类型上则依起源土壤、潜育型水稻土、渗育型水稻土、潴育型水稻土顺序增大。 (4 )∑LREE和∑HREE在渗育型水稻土的E层和潴育型水稻土的Br层具有显著的分馏作用 相似文献
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选取重庆市境内4种母质(第四系更新统老冲积物、须家河组砂岩风化物、石灰岩风化物和紫色岩风化物)发育的5个代表性黄壤剖面为研究对象,探讨其成土特点及系统分类归属,并与其他分类体系进行参比。结果表明,各供试土壤中,须家河组砂岩母质发育的黄壤脱硅富铝化最为明显,蓬莱镇组紫色砂、泥岩母质发育的黄壤次之,石灰岩母质和更新统老冲积物发育的黄壤脱硅富铝化程度则相对较低;相比而言,须家河组砂岩母质发育的黄壤较为典型,在海拔350～1 300 m范围内均有分布。依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》,5个供试土壤剖面分别归为淋溶土和雏形土2个土纲、3个亚纲、5个土类、5个亚类和5个土族;与发生分类的参比表明,供试土壤的系统分类与发生分类之间并非简单的一一对应关系,相较于发生分类,系统分类具有更高的区分度;被中国土壤系统分类(CST)归为淋溶土的供试剖面分属活性淋溶土和高活性强酸土2个世界土壤资源参比基础(WRB)一级单元,而被CST归为雏形土的供试剖面则同样也被WRB归为雏形土(一级单元)。 相似文献
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水稻土的标准需磷量对水稻籽粒产量及吸磷量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
就水稻土的标准需 P 量对水稻籽粒产量及吸 P 量的影响进行了探讨,目的在于确定供试水稻土的“P 临界平衡浓度”,为指导广东省水稻土的合理施用 P 肥提供参考。供试土壤分别是广东省玄武岩母质发育的水稻土(1 号土)和珠江三角洲沉积物母质发育的水稻土(2 号土)。结果表明:两种供试水稻土对标准需 P量的产量参数反应有显著差异。建议将 P 0.15 mg/kg 定为广东省玄武岩母质发育的水稻土(1 号土)的 “P 临界平衡浓度”,这样可以使 1 号土的水稻产量达到最高产量的 95 %以上。关于能否用 P 0.15 mg/kg 作为珠江三角洲沉积物母质发育的水稻土和其他母质发育水稻土的“P 临界平衡浓度”,有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
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《农业环境与发展》2019,(6)
为探明不同母质发育的水稻土在剖面层次上的缓冲性能特征及酸化速率大小,以红砂岩和河流冲积物母质发育的水稻土为对象,测定不同层次(0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80 cm和80～100 cm)土壤的pH、有机质、全氮、阳离子交换量和酸碱缓冲容量,定量比较不同母质和不同土层酸碱缓冲容量的变化及差异。结果表明:以红砂岩和河流冲积物母质发育的水稻土酸碱缓冲容量在0～20 cm土层比80～100 cm土层分别显著升高10.14 mmol·kg~(-1)和4.18 mmol·kg~(-1),且随着水稻土初始pH(不加酸碱的pH)的增加,其酸碱缓冲容量也呈增加趋势。在0～20 cm土层,红砂岩母质发育的水稻土酸碱缓冲容量比河流冲积物母质显著增加7.38mmol·kg~(-1);在20～100 cm土层,2种母质发育的水稻土酸碱缓冲容量无显著差异。红砂岩母质发育水稻土表层酸化速率(0.78kmol H~+·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))大于河流冲积物母质(0.36 kmol H~+·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))。水稻土酸碱缓冲容量与pH呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与交换性盐基总量呈显著负相关(P0.05),与阳离子交换量、有机质、全氮和交换性酸呈极显著正相关(P0.01);水稻土pH与有机质、全氮和交换性酸呈极显著负相关,与交换性盐基总量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与阳离子交换量无相关性。研究表明,酸碱缓冲曲线可以很好地反映不同母质发育的水稻土在不同土层上对加酸、加碱量的敏感程度;随着土层深度的增加,2种母质的酸碱缓冲容量呈下降趋势,其中在0～20 cm土层,红砂岩母质发育的水稻土酸碱缓冲容量和酸化速率最高,其酸碱缓冲容量主要与初始pH、有机质、全氮、阳离子交换量、交换性盐基总量和交换性酸有关,且2种母质发育水稻土均处于铝硅酸盐矿物分解和交换性盐基离子缓冲阶段。 相似文献
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海南岛砖红壤中稀土元素含量及垂直分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海南岛砖红壤中稀土元素因其成土母质不同而富于变化,平均稀土总量(∑REE)由高到低依次是:花岗岩砖红壤、砂泥岩砖红壤、砂页岩砖红壤、玄武岩砖红壤和浅海沉积物砖红壤;轻、重稀土分馏明显,所有母质的砖红壤Ece/∑Lu值都＞6;砖红壤剖面中稀土元素的垂直分布特征为,各种不同母质砖红壤的平均稀土总量基本呈现B层＞C层＞A层的趋势,平均轻、重稀土总量也遵循这样的规律;并且∑Ce/∑Lu值均＞1,表明轻、重稀土分馏比较严重.无论是不同母质的、还是同类母质不同层位的砖红壤,都显示Eu负异常;在各砖红壤垂直剖面中,A、B层都显示Ce正异常,C层均为Ce负异常,仅砂泥岩全部层位都表现为Ce负异常. 相似文献
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对江西 1 1种母质发育的有代表性的水稻土、旱作地、自然土壤 ,61个剖面 ,4 1 2个土样的可溶态稀土元素分析测定 ,统计结果表明 :江西土壤稀土元素的强度因素处于较高水平 ,平均值为 1 9 0mg/kg ,有 4 2 80 %的样点处于丰富级 ;有由南向北 ,由东向西逐渐降低的趋势 .其含量最高的地区是赣南由花岗岩、泥质岩、第四纪红粘土、酸性紫色土、碳质岩类风化物等母质发育的土壤 ,较低的为赣西北由石英岩 ,第三纪红砂岩、石灰岩、下蜀系黄土等母质发育的土壤 ;在土壤剖面分布中 ,旱作地表层低于底层 ,水稻土表层有生物富集作用高于底层 ;影响土壤中可溶态稀土元素含量的主要因子有 :成土母质 ,气候条件 (温度 ,降水量 ) ,土壤 pH ,土壤质地和耕作类型 相似文献
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滨海沉积物发育的水稻土时间序列母质均一性判定与特性演变 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
时间序列方法是研究土壤发生特性演变的重要途径,而比较土壤变化的重要前提之一是序列中的土壤具有相同的起源,即具有母质的相对均一性。本研究根据史料记载中浙江慈溪海塘修筑年代估计出水稻土的耕作年龄,选择了植稻年龄约为50、300、500、700、1000a以及一个未垦滩涂剖面组成的一个时间序列作为研究对象。利用各种土壤属性参数对该时间序列的母质不连续性(或母质均一性)以及水稻土相对年龄进行了判定和验证。结果表明,时间序列的6个剖面虽然具有微小的差异,但其剖面内与剖面间母质来源相同。在水稻土母质不连续性判定中,去除黏粒的粉粒与粉粒中稳定元素Ti/Zr比值具有较好的指示作用。相对易变的土壤属性参数如碳酸钙、磁化率以及游离铁的剖面分异程度在水稻土相对年龄的判定中具有较好的指示作用。综合这些参数在时间序列中的演化趋势,发现500a剖面与整个序列的变化趋势不相符合,可能是利用历史的差异所致,在相关的性质演变研究中应该从序列中剔除。 相似文献
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重庆市全新统冲积物发育土壤的系统分类研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确重庆市第四系全新统(Qh)冲积物发育土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,本文以该成土母质发育的土壤为研究对象,挖掘9个典型土壤剖面,通过野外观测、分层取样及理化性质分析等,依据现行中国土壤系统分类检索,对其进行分类和命名,并与发生分类进行参比。结果表明:9个供试土壤剖面分别归属于雏形土和新成土2个土纲,5个亚类,其中5个为石灰淡色潮湿雏形土,1个为铁质简育常湿雏形土,1个为斑纹简育湿润雏形土,1个为潜育潮湿冲积新成土,1个为石灰潮湿冲积新成土;隶属于发生学分类潮土土类的6个供试剖面分别归为系统分类中淡色潮湿雏形土、简育常湿雏形土和简育湿润雏形土3个土类,而隶属于发生学分类新积土土类的3个供试剖面则分别归为系统分类中淡色潮湿雏形土和潮湿冲积新成土2个土类。结合成土环境分析可知,地形、气候和母质是影响重庆市第四系全新统冲积物发育土壤系统分类的重要因素。 相似文献
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粤西地区土壤-植物系统中稀土元素地球化学特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在广东省西部不同地区采取土壤、植物样品，并对其中的稀土元素含量采用ICP-MS法测定，研究了稀土元素在土壤、植物叶中的地球化学特征。结果表明：土壤一植物系统的各环节间稀土元素的含量模式基本相似。不同母岩发育的土壤稀土分布有较大的差异，其中以花岗岩发育的土壤稀土含量最高。在土壤的各个剖面层中，心土层和底土层稀土含量高于表土层，轻重稀土发生分异，均有不同程度的Eu亏损，Ce表现为土壤各层位中的正异常。同一采样点的不同种属植物具有相似的稀土分配模式，在不同母岩发育土壤上生存的同一种属植物稀土分配模式不同，其稀土分布均受其所生存土壤的影响和制约，同时具有自身的生物地球化学特性。生物吸收系数表明植物对稀土元素的吸收能力的差异，稀土元素在由土壤向植物体运输迁移中发生了明显的分馏作用，重稀士相对贫乏。 相似文献
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Julia Mihajlovic Luise Giani Hans-Joachim Stärk Jörg Rinklebe 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(8):1417-1433
Purpose
The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the vertical distribution of rare earth element (REE) concentrations, stocks, and geochemical fractions in two different marsh soil profiles and (2) to quantify the relations between REEs and soil properties.Materials and methods
A sandy Fluvisol recently flooded by tidal water and a clayey Gleysol landward the dike impacted by fluctuating groundwater levels served as reference marsh soils. An aqua regia extraction was used to determine the concentrations of REEs; additionally, a sequential extraction procedure developed by the Commission of the European Communities Bureau of Reference was conducted to assess the geochemical fractions (exchangeable, reducible, oxidisable, residual fraction) of REEs. Both extractions were carried out according to genetic horizons. The stocks of REEs were calculated and the relations between physico-chemical soil properties and concentrations/mobility of REEs were quantified via correlation analysis.Results and discussion
The aqua regia extractable REE concentrations and stocks of the Gleysol were about two times higher compared to the Fluvisol since the Gleysol was more clayey and REEs might adsorb onto clay minerals. We have detected small differences of REE concentrations and geochemical fractions between the horizons of the single profiles. Rare earth elements existed mainly in residual or reducible fraction, followed by oxidisable, and water soluble/exchangeable/carbonate bound fraction. The most striking difference between the two marsh soil profiles regarding the geochemical fractions was the higher residual fraction in the Fluvisol than in the Gleysol what seemed to be due to the lower aqua regia extractable concentration in the former.Conclusions
The aqua regia extractable concentration as well as reduction and oxidation processes of (amorphous) iron and manganese complexes seemed to have the most important impact on the geochemical fractions of REEs in the studied marsh soil profiles. In future, those findings should be verified in further marsh soils worldwide. In particular, future studies should elucidate the specific release kinetics of REEs and their determining factors. 相似文献14.
Xing-Yue Wen Cheng-Min Huang Ya Tang Suo-Lang Gong-Bo Xin-Xin Hu Zhang-Wen Wang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(10):1693-1702
Purpose
The geochemistry of rare earth elements (REEs) taken from the sediments of a karst lake was analyzed to track the provenance of the sediments and the history of soil erosion in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve (JNR) in Sichuan Province in southwest China.Materials and methods
The REE concentrations of 177 samples including 150 lake sediments, 13 soils, 8 loess, 3 carbonate rocks, and 3 water were determined using a quadruple inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Q-ICP-MS). The grain size distributions of 139 sediment samples were measured using a Malvern Master Size 2000 laser particle size analyzer. The carbonate contents of 159 sediment samples were determined using a gasometric method. The dried remains after reaction with HCl were defined as acid-insoluble residues. The mineral composition of the sediments was measured using a Philips X'Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer.Results and discussion
The lake sediments in the JNR exhibit features similar to those of the neighboring soils, i.e., enriched REE content, a greater ratio of light REEs to heavy REEs, greater δCe values, and lower δEu values relative to those in the carbonate rocks. The REE signatures in the silt and sand fractions of the sediments are similar to those in the soils and carbonate rocks, respectively. The REE content, LREE/HREE, and δCe values in the sediments strongly negatively correlate with the carbonate content, indicating an intense carbonate effect on the REE geochemistry. The content of acid-insoluble residues is obviously positively correlated with ∑REEs in the sediments, and a negative relationship is observed between ∑REEs and the ratio of calcite to quartz in the sediments.Conclusions
The sediments in the JNR originate from eroded soils and authigenic travertine deposits in the lakes. It is proposed that the increased ∑REEs in the sediments resulted from the elevated proportion of soil particles in lacustrine deposits was due to increasing soil erosion intensity. This hypothesis is evidenced by the coupling of ∑REEs with the intensity of soil erosion and anthropogenic activities in the JNR. In karst drainage, the total REE concentration might be a potentially powerful indicator for reconstructing the history of soil erosion. 相似文献15.
Soils with intricate patterns of their humus profiles developing in the neutral-calcium landscapes of the southern taiga of
Western Siberia under highly dynamic paleogeographic, climatic, and weather conditions are characterized. The specific features
of these soils comprise the diverse modern humus horizons along with the relic ones of different preservation rates, shallow
leaching of carbonates, and a weak development of the middle-profile soil horizons. Specifying these organo-accumulative soils is substantiated by their high humus content against the geochemical
background of the clayey calcareous parent rocks. The conjugated series of soils reflect different stages of the soil evolution
(the humus profile degradation, the development of eluvial process, and the increase of contrasts in the acid-base conditions)
and the hydromorphic transformation accompanied by the formation of organic horizons making the humus profile more complicated.
In accordance with the diagnostic horizons, the position of the soils studied was determined in the Classification and Diagnostics of Soils of Russia. The relic enrichment of the humus horizon is proposed to be used as a specific feature of these soils. 相似文献
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Contents and bioavailability of rare earth elements in agricultural soils in Hesse (Germany) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
With increasing agricultural and industrial use of rare earth elements (REEs), input of REEs into the pedosphere has risen in parallel. Since total REE budgets for soils in Germany are mainly unknown, this pilot study investigates the concentrations of REEs in three loess soil profiles under agricultural land use in the Wetterau region, Germany. There were no significant REE applications in the past, so the presented data can be considered as background concentrations of REEs in soils. In addition to the total REE contents (aqua regia digestion), potentially plant‐available (EDTA) and at actual conditions available, mobile (NH4NO3) REEs have been determined for each horizon. Interactions between REE availability and properties of soils are explained after assessing several chemical and physical properties. The results reveal a wide range of total REE contents, ranging from 222 to 423 mg kg–1. With 10.1% of total REE amounts, the potentially plant‐available proportions of REEs are generally low. In contrast, yttrium, which showed high available proportion of 24.8%, was found to be comparable with Cd. Cerium is the most abundant REE in aqua regia digests, whereas only small amounts in the potentially plant‐available fraction were found. Thus negative cerium anomalies could be concluded concerning its potential availability. Generally, bioavailability of REE had significant correlations between clay contents and Fe and Mn oxides for the majority of REEs. Due to moderately high pH (CaCl2) in soils (average 6.6) the mobile fraction for most of the elements was not detectible. 相似文献
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湘北地区典型水稻土的发生特性及其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选取湘北地区7个发育于2种母质的水稻土剖面样点,通过对其成土环境、剖面形态特征以及土壤理化性质进行野外观测和室内分析,按中国土壤系统分类方案,检索出诊断层和诊断特性,确定其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,并评述土系的生产性能。结果表明:供试水稻土归属于水耕人为土亚纲下的简育和铁聚水耕人为土2个土类,底潜简育水耕人为土、普通简育水耕人为土、普通铁聚水耕人为土、漂白铁聚水耕人为土4个亚类;进一步按照土族和土系划分标准,划分出7个土族和7个土系。在相同成土环境下,同种母质发育的水耕人为土,土壤系统分类比土壤发生分类具有更强的划分能力。其划分的基层土壤单元(土族和土系),对农业生产、土地资源利用更具有指导意义。 相似文献
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Peter Blaser Lorenz Walthert Stephan Zimmermann Elisabeth Graf Pannatier Jörg Luster 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2008,171(2):163-170
Soil chemical parameters related to soil acidity were determined for 1450 soil samples taken from individual mineral soil horizons in 257 forest soils in Switzerland, 196 developed from carbonate‐containing and 61 from carbonate‐free parent material. The distribution of pH values and exchangeable base cations in corresponding pH ranges were related to the capacity and rate of buffer reactions in the soil. Based on this, five acidity classes for individual soil samples were defined. To describe and classify the status of soil acidity and base saturation (BS) of an entire soil body, the pH and the BS of the total fine earth in the soil were calculated from the pH and BS, respectively, of the individual soil horizons and the estimated volumetric content of fine earth. The status of soil acidification of soil profiles was assessed primarily using the total amount of exchangeable acidic cations in percent of the CEC of the fine earth in the entire soil profile. As a second factor, the gradient between the acidity class of the most acidic soil horizon and the estimated acidity class at the beginning of soil formation was used. The application of these classification schemes to our collection of soil profiles revealed the great influence played by the type of parent material. The acidification status of most soils on carbonate‐containing parent material was classified as very weak to weak, whereas soils on carbonate‐free parent material were found to be strongly to very strongly acidified. In terms of parent rock material, microclimate, and natural vegetation, the results of this study and the proposed classification schemes can be considered appropriate for large parts of Europe. 相似文献