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1.
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate if tonometry and gonioscopy could serve as predictors of later glaucoma development in the English Springer Spaniel, a breed prone to developing primary glaucoma. Animals studied Gonioscopy was performed on 279 English Springer Spaniel dogs, 119 males and 160 females, with clinically normal eyes. In addition, 14 dogs, five males and nine females were examined for glaucoma. Results A positive relation between pectinate ligament dysplasia (PLD) and narrowing of the relative width of the ciliary cleft (RWOCC) and also between PLD, RWOCC and age was demonstrated. The prevalence of PLD was 25.5%, which is higher than in other breeds reported. A positive association was demonstrated between PLD and glaucoma, as well as between narrowing of the RWOCC and glaucoma. Glaucoma was not observed in dogs with normal appearance of the iridocorneal angle. English Springer Spaniels related to dogs with glaucoma show more narrowing of the RWOCC and more PLD than unrelated dogs. Conclusion This study demonstrates the positive association between PLD and glaucoma, between narrowing of the iridocorneal angle and glaucoma and the effect of age on the iridocorneal angle. Mating of dogs with normal iridocorneal angles appears to reduce the presence and degree of abnormal appearance of the iridocorneal angle in the offspring. However, breeding only dogs with normal iridocorneal angles without consideration of their relationship to dogs with glaucoma is not a guarantee for preventing glaucoma in the offspring.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a robust molecular genetic test for alpha-L-fucosidosis in English Springer Spaniels and to screen dogs from the United Kingdom and United States for the mutant allele. ANIMALS: 35 English-bred English Springer Spaniels, 60 American-bred English Springer Spaniels, and 1 affected dog and its parents from a family of English Springer Spaniels in Colorado. PROCEDURE: Polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to amplify the mutated region in the gene encoding alpha-L-fucosidase. High guanine-cytosine (GC) content of the region required use of an amplification buffer with high pH. Mutant and normal alleles were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular genetic test results were compared with enzyme data. RESULTS: A 262-bp PCR product was amplified from normal dogs and compared with a 248-bp product from affected dogs. Carriers had 1 copy of each allele, distinguishable by the 14-bp size difference. Two carriers among the English-bred dogs were identified by use of enzyme and genomic DNA analyses. The molecular defect in dogs from Colorado was proven to be the same as that in British and Australian dogs. None of the other 60 American-bred dogs carried the mutant allele. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:A PCR method that can be used to identify dogs affected with or carriers of the autosomal recessive disease fucosidosis was established. Amplification was achieved within a GC-rich region, using a method that may be useful in overcoming amplification problems in GC-rich areas within other genes. Using this test, fucosidosis can be controlled and ultimately eradicated from the English Springer Spaniel population.  相似文献   

3.
Compared with neutrophils from healthy dogs, neutrophils from 2 dogs with primary ciliary dyskinesia had increased distance of random migration, but fewer of the neutrophils migrated. The affected dogs had an increase in the numbers of Staphylococcus aureus phagocytized. Lymphocyte blastogenesis in the affected dogs in response to standard mitogens was considered to be normal.  相似文献   

4.
Heat Related Illness (HRI) in dogs is expected to increase as heatwaves surge due to global warming. The most severe form of HRI, heat stroke, is potentially fatal in dogs. The current study investigated the incidence and risk factors for HRI in dogs in NSW, Australia, from 1997 to 2017. We identified 119 HRI cases during this period, with a fatality rate of 23%. Dog breeds at elevated risk of HRI were Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog, British Bulldog, French Bulldog, Maremma Sheepdog, Italian Greyhound, Chow Chow, Airedale Terrier, Pug, Samoyed, English Springer Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Border Collie, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and pooled non-Australian National Kennel Council breeds (which included the American and Australian Bulldog) when compared with cross breeds (i.e., the reference variable). As expected, HRI cases were more likely in December and January, during the Australian summer and during hotter years (e.g., 2016). There were no differences in the risk of HRI between males and females nor between desexed or un-desexed dogs; but older dogs were at increased risk of HRI. These findings underscore the need for data collection that will enable the incidence of HRI in dogs to be monitored and to better understand canine risk factors particularly as temperatures will continue to rise due to global warming. The risk of mortality from HRI underpins the need for education programs focussed on prevention and early identification of HRI so that owners present affected dogs to their veterinarian as promptly as possible.  相似文献   

5.
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in the Dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Electron microscopy was used to diagnose primary ciliary dyskinesia in a litter of English pointer dogs and in a golden retriever dog. A technique of membrane solubilization, fixation, and negative staining with glutaraldehyde tannic acid identified abnormally constructed central and B microtubules in respiratory cilia from dogs with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Shortened outer dynein arms commonly associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia actually represents the absence of a specific subset of the three most peripheral components of the whole outer dynein arm structure.  相似文献   

6.
Objective To determine the prevalence of the breed‐related glaucomas in pure‐bred dogs presented to the veterinary medical teaching hospitals in North America that participate in the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB). Materials and methods In this retrospective study, age of first diagnosis, breed, and gender data for all breeds of dogs were collected from the VMDB with the clinical diagnosis of primary glaucoma (glaucoma‐NOS) at 5–10 year intervals from 1964 to 2002. The prevalence for each breed (affected dogs compared to all dogs of each breed), any changes over the 38 years, and any gender differences for these glaucomas were determined. Results The prevalence of the primary breed‐related glaucomas has gradually increased from 0.29% (1964–1973); 0.46% (1974–1983); 0.76% (1984–1993); to 0.89% (1994–2002). Breeds that consistently featured among the highest 10 for glaucoma prevalence from four different periods (1964 to 2002) included American Cocker Spaniel, Basset Hound, Wire Fox Terrier, and Boston Terrier. During the last observation period (1994–2002), 22 different breeds had 1% or higher prevalence of the glaucomas. The highest prevalence of glaucomas in 1994–2002 by breed included: American Cocker Spaniel (5.52%); Basset Hound (5.44%); Chow Chow (4.70%); Shar‐Pei (4.40%); Boston Terrier (2.88%); Wire Fox Terrier (2.28%); Norwegian ElkHound (1.98%); Siberian Husky (1.88%); Cairn Terrier (1.82%); and Miniature Poodle (1.68%). A predominance of females with glaucoma occurred in the American Cocker Spaniel, Basset Hound, Cairn Terrier, Chow Chow, English Cocker Spaniel, Samoyed, and perhaps the Siberian Husky, and a predominance of males in the Australian Cattle dog and St Bernard. Age affected the time for first presentation of the glaucomas in the pure‐bred dog. In the majority of breeds the glaucomas were presented for initial diagnosis in dogs between 4 and 10 years of age. Conclusion Breed‐related glaucomas in pure‐bred dogs are frequently presented to the veterinary medical teaching hospitals in North America. The prevalence of the breed‐related glaucomas in the dog appears similar to humans, and in some breeds exceeds that in humans. In many breeds the high prevalence of the glaucomas suggests a genetic basis.  相似文献   

7.
A 3-year-old female American Cocker Spaniel with a chronic hemolytic disorder and hemolytic crises was found to have M-type phosphofructokinase deficiency. This inherited erythroenzymopathy and myopathy is commonly diagnosed in English Springer Spaniels, but the family study of this Cocker Spaniel, although supporting an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, did not reveal any English Springer Spaniel ancestors. Molecular genetic studies did, however, identify the same mutation in this dog as we previously reported in the English Springer Spaniel breed, suggesting that this mutation originated prior to the separation of these 2 breeds.  相似文献   

8.
This study describes the clinical, immunologic, genetic, and pathologic features of Irish Wolfhounds with rhinitis/bronchopneumonia syndrome. The dogs examined were from Belgium, The Netherlands, UK, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland. Signs included transient to persistent mucoid or mucopurulent rhinorrhea, cough, and respiratory dyspnea. Radiographic, rhinoscopic, and bronchoscopic findings were variable. Analysis of ciliary ultrastructure was performed in 5 affected dogs, but no characteristic primary ciliary defects (primary ciliary dyskinesia) were detected. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM were determined in some affected dogs and clinically normal Irish Wolfhounds. Serum IgA concentration was below the reference range in 5 of 8 affected dogs tested, whereas BALF IgA concentration was above the normal range in 2 affected adult dogs. The CD4 to CD8 lymphocyte subset ratio (CD4:CD8) in peripheral blood was tested in 3 affected dogs and was within the normal range. BALF CD4:CD8 was tested in 1 affected dog and was higher than the normal range. Decreased neutrophil phagocytosis was observed in 1 of the 4 dogs tested. Analysis of pedigrees of the Belgian, Canadian, German, and Swiss dogs revealed common ancestry, suggesting a heritable syndrome.  相似文献   

9.
Chronic pneumonia was investigated in a litter of young Chinese Shar Pei in which 4 of 6 dogs were affected. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations (IgA, IgG, IgM) determined by radial immunodiffusion varied over time, but were not consistently lower in affected dogs, compared with control dogs. Two dogs that died had hydrocephalus and lymphoid depletion, in addition to severe broncho-pneumonia. Evaluation of ciliary ultrastructure in 2 affected dogs revealed random orientation of adjacent respiratory tract or oviductal cilia and a greater number of microtubular disarrangements, compared with control dogs. In vivo tracheal mucociliary clearance of 99mtechnetium macroaggregated albumin was absent in 1 dog examined. The ciliary abnormalities were suspected to have resulted in an inefficient mucociliary transport system predisposing to the development of pneumonia. Further evaluation of 1 Chinese Shar Pei revealed lymphocyte mitogenesis results that were not consistently less than those of a control dog, normal total hemolytic complement values, and normal blood neutrophil chemotaxis.  相似文献   

10.
A polysystemic disorder was observed in three related English Springer Spaniel dogs that demonstrated regurgitation from an early age, slowly progressive temporal muscle atrophy with partial trismus, and less pronounced generalized skeletal muscle atrophy. All dogs exhibited moderate dyserythropoietic anemia, polymyopathy with megaesophagus, and varying degrees of cardiomegaly. The prevalence, etiology, underlying pathomechanism, and possible mode of inheritance remain to be elucidated.  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUND: Leukocytes appear to enter a hypo-inflammatory state in human patients with a severe bacterial infection, whereas, in swine, intra-abdominal sepsis produces an initial increase and subsequent decrease in neutrophil Fc receptor mediated phagocytosis. HYPOTHESIS: Impaired neutrophil function (hypo-inflammatory state) develops in dogs with sepsis. ANIMALS: Thirteen adult client-owned dogs that developed clinical signs consistent with sepsis were assessed for evidence of neutrophil dysfunction. These results were compared with those of 12 healthy dogs. METHODS: Flow cytometry combined with the appropriate fluorescent markers allowed for quantification of the phagolysosomal oxidative burst after Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of immune complexes, neutrophil phagocytosis of opsonized Escherichia coli, and the intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione as a measure of oxidative stress. RESULTS: The phagolysosomal oxidative burst after Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis was significantly lower in neutrophils from septic dogs (mean fluorescence intensity +/- standard deviation; 118 +/- 13 and 165 +/- 27 for septic and control dogs, respectively, p = 0.001), although the phagocytosis of opsonized E. coli was significantly increased (155 +/- 74 and 77 +/- 44 for septic and control dogs, respectively, p = 0.004). Intracellular reduced glutathione was not significantly different in neutrophils from septic and healthy control dogs. CONCLUSIONS: An important component of neutrophil function is decreased in septic dogs. The diminished oxidative burst after Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in neutrophils from septic dogs could hinder the ability of the innate immune system to clear bacterial infections or it might help protect these patients from the systemic consequences of infection.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of owner-directed aggression and identify associated environmental and genetic factors in English Springer Spaniels. DESIGN: Prevalence survey. ANIMALS: 1,053 adult English Springer Spaniels. PROCEDURE: A mail survey was sent to 2,400 randomly selected owners of adult American Kennel Club-registered English Springer Spaniels. Dogs with a history of aggression to family members and familiar humans were compared with dogs without such a history. RESULTS: 1,053 questionnaires (56.1% of the 1,877 delivered) were completed. A history of owner-directed growling or more intense aggression was reported in 510 (48.4%) dogs. Two hundred seventy-seven (26.3%) dogs had bitten a human in the past; 65.2% of bites were directed at familiar (owner or nonowner) adults and children. Variables associated with owner-directed aggression included sex of dog (male), neuter status (neutered, regardless of sex), show or bench lines, age > 4 years, aggression to unfamiliar adults and children, acquisition from a hobby breeder, less responsiveness to obedience cues, and a specific kennel and 1 popular sire from that kennel in a 4-generation pedigree. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Owner-directed aggression in adult English Springer Spaniels was associated with a number of environmental, sex-related, and inherited factors. To reduce the risk of aggression, prospective owners might seek a female, hunting-type English Springer Spaniel from an experienced breeder. However, because risk factors are broad and varied, there are limitations to the extent to which behavior can be predicted and further study is needed of the inheritance of aggression in this breed.  相似文献   

13.
Aggression in 108 dog breeds and six crosses was ranked by 185 members of the Companion Animal Society of the New Zealand Veterinary Association. The Rottweiler and German Shepherd were categorised as extremely aggressive and the Akita, Basengi, Chihuahua (long-coated and short-coated), Chow Chow, Cocker Spaniel, Shar pei and Welsh Corgi (Cardigan and Pembroke) were classified as very aggressive. A chi-squared test of data from the twenty most popular breeds showed that significant differences were perceived between the breeds. Cocker Spaniels, Pembroke Welsh Corgis, German Shepherds and Rottweilers were more aggressive than Staffordshire Bull Terriers, Border Collies and Doberman Pinchers, which were more aggressive than Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Bichon Frise, English Springer Spaniels, German Shorthaired Pointers, Weimaraners, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Newfoundlands, Dalmatians, Boxers, Bulldogs, Bull Mastiffs and Rough Collies.  相似文献   

14.
Alpha-L-fucosidosis was diagnosed in a 17-month-old English Springer Spaniel with a history of slow development and progressive visual impairment. Lymphocytes and mononuclear cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were seen in a blood smear and in CSF, respectively. A severe deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase activities in plasma and leukocytes was determined. Histologic examination revealed vacuolation of neurons, macrophages, and epithelial cells in most organ tissues. Canine fucosidosis is a progressive and fatal lysosomal storage disease in English Springer Spaniels. Affected dogs develop a neurologic disorder characterized by progressive motor and mental deterioration. Visual impairment is an unusual primary sign in a dog with alpha-L-fucosidosis.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: Two male castrated Whippet littermates were presented at 1 year of age for pallor, tachycardia, systolic heart murmur, dark yellow to orange feces, intermittent lethargy, pigmenturia, and muscle shivering or cramping after exercise. Persistent macrocytic hypochromic anemia with marked reticulocytosis and metarubricytosis was found when CBC results were compared with reference values for Whippets. Increased serum creatine kinase activity and hyperkalemia also were sometimes present over the 4‐year period of evaluation. Progressively increasing serum concentrations of N‐terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide suggested cardiac disease. Erythrocytes from the whippets were less osmotically fragile but more alkaline fragile than those from control dogs. Erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (PFK) activities and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate concentrations were decreased. Restriction enzyme‐based DNA test screening and DNA sequencing revealed the same mutation in the muscle‐PFK gene of the Whippets as seen in English Springer Spaniel dogs with PFK deficiency. This is the first report of PFK deficiency in Whippet dogs. In addition to causing hemolysis and exertional myopathy, heart disease may be a prominent clinical component of PFK deficiency in this breed and has not been previously recognized in PFK‐deficient English Springer Spaniels.  相似文献   

16.
Cataract is a common eye condition in the dog, classified in several ways and with a varied aetiology. The clinical appearance of hereditary cataract is described in the Boston Terrier, Miniature Schnauzer, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Large Munsterlander, English Cocker Spaniel, American Cocker Spaniel, Afghan Hound, Welsh Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, Standard Poodle. Cataracts secondary to other eye diseases, both hereditary and non-hereditary, and to systemic conditions are also discussed, as well as the differential diagnosis of cataract.  相似文献   

17.
A 3-month-old English Cocker Spaniel and a 6-month-old miniature poodle presented with clinical signs related to an abnormal right eye since birth. In both dogs, the right globe could not be identified and was replaced by a fluctuant intraorbital mass covered by a vascularized mucous membrane. Ultrasonography demonstrated that both masses were cystic structures markedly larger in size than the normal contralateral globes. In both cases, surgical excision revealed a multilobular cyst filling the whole orbital cavity. Histopathologic examination and immunostaining for glial fibrillary acid protein and S100 protein supported a diagnosis of neural cysts associated with ocular dysplasia. The definitive diagnosis was congenital cystic eye and microphthalmos with cyst for the Cocker Spaniel and miniature poodle, respectively. Karyotype was normal in both dogs. Congenital cystic eye and microphthalmos with cyst result from defects in early embryonic life that arise following formation of the optic vesicle and prior to closure of the optic fissure. To the authors' knowledge neither has been reported in the canine species. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cysts in dogs.  相似文献   

18.
Ultrastructural changes were observed in bronchioles in acute and repair stages of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia induced in eight young calves (calf Nos. 1-8) using a bovine strain of respiratory syncytial virus. Five of the calves were Friesians and three were Hereford x Friesians and all were male. Tissues from three mock-infected control calves (two Friesian, one Hereford x Friesian) were also examined. Calves were from 3 to 6 days old at the time of first inoculation, with the exception of calf No. 8, which was 2 weeks old. In the acute stage of the induced pneumonia, evidence of respiratory syncytial virus replication and release was demonstrable in both ciliated and non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells, with the virus-releasing process most obvious at 4 and 5 days after infection. Respiratory syncytial virus infection of bronchiolar epithelium was associated with various changes, including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and formation of syncytia. Necrosis of epithelial cell structures usually appeared to be preceded by their desquamation from bronchiolar walls. Respiratory syncytial virus infection resulted in considerable damage to the bronchiolar ciliary apparatus. Such damage was seen as early as 1 day post-infection and was still obvious at 10 days post-infection. Neutrophils were closely associated with respiratory syncytial virus infected epithelial cells and evidence of neutrophil fusion with infected epithelial cells was seen. These observations suggest that neutrophils may be involved in killing respiratory syncytial virus infected cells and that neutrophils might play an important role in early antiviral defense against respiratory syncytial virus at a time when antibody levels are low and other cellular defenses are not fully in play. Bronchiolar repair was evident from 6 days after infection and was well advanced at 10 and 13 days after infection.  相似文献   

19.
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20.
Adherence of neutrophils from dogs with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus controlled by insulin administration was compared with that from control dogs. Neutrophil adherence in whole blood decreased with increased serum glucose concentration, but was not different from normal cell adherence when isolated cells were examined. The decreased adherence in whole blood was considered to be the result of media factors and not dependent on altered neutrophil function.  相似文献   

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