共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 984 毫秒
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药肥兼具的新农药碳酸氢钾最近日本国内市场上推出一种由东亚合成化学公司研制的、既能杀死害虫、又能肥田给作物补充营养的新农药，对人畜且无害。其有效成份是碳酸氢钾，外部用油酯等界面活性剂包装。将其施于农田后，与水相遇形成高浓度的氢钾水溶液而且钾离子和碳酸根... 相似文献
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荷兰农药登记局(CTB)的人士说，列入EU农药登记法令(91／414)附录1的有效成分使荷兰批准的产品数增加，从而帮助了荷兰农民。由于环境关注和登记变化，产品登记被撤销，近年荷兰批准的农药数迅速减少。 相似文献
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肥料巧施用增产防病又灭虫王玉堂（山东省东平县农委２７１５００）研究和实践证明，利用化肥或有机肥防治农作物病虫害，不仅经济、安全、有效，而且还可以节省农药，同时又具有施肥作用和不伤害天敌、不污染环境等特点。可谓一举多得，很值得在生产上进行推广。氮肥①碳... 相似文献
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稻瘿蚊为害水稻损失及灰色关联度的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稻瘿蚊为害水稻损失及灰色关联度的分析为探索稻瘿蚊为害与产量损失的关系，１９９０年晚稻特在容县进行了调查。除采用回归分析法确定标葱率与有效穗、实粒数、产量和损失率的关系外，还采用简便有效的灰色关联度分析方法，探求水稻受稻瘿蚊为害后其有效穗、实粒数、结实... 相似文献
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Impact of correlation between pesticide parameters on estimates of environmental exposure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Monte Carlo techniques are increasingly used in pesticide exposure modelling to evaluate the uncertainty in predictions arising from uncertainty in input parameters and to estimate the confidence that should be assigned to modelling results. The approach typically involves running a deterministic model repeatedly for a large number of input values sampled from statistical distributions. A key decision in setting up a probabilistic analysis is whether there is correlation between any of the inputs to the analysis. Pesticide properties are often the most sensitive in exposure assessment. Analysis of the literature demonstrated that there are examples of both positive and negative correlation between the sorption and degradation behaviour of a pesticide, but that general trends are not apparent at present. The inclusion of even weak correlation between sorption and degradation was found to greatly influence a probabilistic analysis of leaching through soil. Correlation will reduce the predicted extent of leaching for pesticides, and it is recommended to set the correlation to zero unless the experimental data support an alternative assumption (i.e. where the correlation is statistically significant (P 相似文献
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预测农药植物角质层-水分配系数的LSER模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物角质层-水分配系数(Kcw)对评价农药的渗透及残留具有重要意义。通过实验方法难以高效且经济地测定多种农药的Kcw值,因此有必要发展一种快速预测农药Kcw值的模型。作者收集了23种农药在不同植物中的64个log Kcw实测值,构建了预测农药log Kcw值的线性溶解能关系(liner solvation energy relationship,LSER)模型。所建模型具有良好的拟合度(R^2adj,tra=0.79,RMSEtra=0.38)、稳健性(Q^2BOOT=0.78)和预测能力(Q^2ext=0.81)。该模型可用于预测含有-X(Cl,F,I)、>N-C(O)-NH2、-OCH2COOH、-NH-、-NH2、>C=O、-O-C(O)-NH-、-CN、-S-及-S(O)(O)-等官能团的农药的log Kcw值。机理分析结果表明:疏水相互作用(平均相对贡献率为48%)和n/π电子对相互作用(平均相对贡献率9%)对农药进入植物角质层为正贡献,而氢键受体相互作用(平均相对贡献率26%)和极性相互作用(平均相对贡献率17%)对农药进入角质层为负贡献。本研究构建的pp-LFER模型可用于预测新农药的log Kcw值,并且有助于理解农药在植物角质层与水相间分配的相互作用机制。 相似文献
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为评价农药对家蚕的环境安全性,作者采用毒叶饲喂法在室内测定了91种农药对家蚕(Bombyx mori L.)的急性毒性,并根据其毒性范围进行分级,结果表明:有30种药剂的LC50<0.5mg/kg桑叶,属于剧毒级,包括甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯、虫酰肼、三唑磷等;有15种药剂的LC50为0.5～20mg/kg桑叶,属于高毒级,如丁硫克百威、虫螨腈、杀铃脲、氟虫腈、噻嗪酮、高渗氯胺磷、敌百虫;19种药剂的LC50为20～200mg/kg桑叶,属于中等毒级;27种药剂的LC50>200mg/kg桑叶,属于低毒级。 相似文献
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建立了气相色谱-负化学离子化质谱法（GC-NCI-MS）快速检测食用菌中6种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的分析方法。前处理对QuECHERS方法进行优化,样品用含0.5%乙酸的乙腈溶液提取,PSA吸附剂净化,GC-NCI-MS选择离子监测（SIM）方式对6种菊酯类农药进行检测。结果表明：6种拟除虫菊酯农药在0.007～5.0mg/L的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 2～0.999 9;最低检测浓度为1～3mg/kg;添加浓度为0.05mg/kg时,平均回收率为87.0～103.6%,变异系数为3.2～17.3%;添加浓度为0.1mg/kg时,平均回收率为82～99%,变异系数为2.1～14.5%。 相似文献
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气相色谱-串联质谱法检测川产丹参中70种农药残留 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以中药材丹参为研究对象，通过对样品前处理及色谱分析条件进行优化，建立了丹参中70种禁用及常用农药残留同时检测的气相色谱-串联质谱 (GC-MS/MS) 分析方法，并采用该方法对产自四川不同地市的44批丹参样品进行了农药残留检测筛查。样品加水经乙腈提取，以QuEChERS提取包 (含无水硫酸镁与无水乙酸钠等) 进行盐析，提取液经浓缩后，加入内标磷酸三苯酯，在多反应监测 (MRM) 模式下采用GC-MS/MS检测。结果表明:在1~100 μg/L范围内，70种农药的质量浓度与其峰面积间呈良好的线性关系，相关系数 (r) 均大于0.9985；在3个添加水平 (5 × LOD、10 × LOD和20 × LOD) 下，添加回收率在70%~120%内的农药数量占总数的87.1%，相对标准偏差均小于15%。70种农药的定量限在0.01~0.03 mg/kg之间。对收集到的44批川产丹参样品进行检测发现，其中有22批样品分别检出1~5种农药，包括国家禁用农药三氯杀螨醇。该方法简便、灵敏、准确，可用于川产丹参中多种农药残留的快速筛查与检测，检测结果可为丹参的种植生产和流通监管提供参考。 相似文献
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Joseph Esnard Nahum Marban-Mendoza Bert M. Zuckerman 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(5):457-463
The effect of 24 treatment combinations of cultures of Streptomyces costaricanus sp. nov. (ATCC55274), Bacillus thuringiensis (ATCC55273) and a strain of Paecilomyces marquandii, nematicide (cadusaphos), and/or wheat mash on growth and response of potted banana plants (Musa AAA) and populations of Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and free living nematodes were studied in Río Frío, Costa Rica. The best plant responses (height, leaf numbers, healthy root weight), lowest numbers of plant parasitic nematodes and highest numbers of free living nematodes were observed for treatments containing wheat as a component. Two treatments, viz. wheat + Streptomyces costaricanus (200-ml culture) and wheat + P. marquandii (200-ml culture), gave the overall best results. Numbers of free living nematodes increased up to 1500-fold only for treatments containing wheat. Significant positive correlations existed between numbers of free living nematodes and shoot weight, healthy root biomass, plant height, and leaf numbers. Non-wheat treatments, including nematicide only, gave the poorest responses in general. Observations of nematodes sampled 50 days following planting in wheat-containing treatments showed most of the free-living nematodes ( 90%) to be infected by nematophagous fungi (species not recorded). The results show that an organic amendment to soil, with or without a microbial component, can be an effective inducer of processes that regulate plant-parasitic nematode populations in soil. 相似文献
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建立了QuEChERS技术结合气相色谱-串联质谱 (GC-MS/MS) 同时检测花椒中115种农药残留的快速分析方法。样品采用优化的QuEChERS前处理方法处理，在多反应监测模式下用GC-MS/MS检测，基质匹配内标法定量分析。结果表明:在0.002~0.4 mg/L范围内，115种农药的质量浓度与内标物质量浓度的比值和对应的目标物峰面积与内标物峰面积的比值间呈良好的线性关系，相关系数r均大于0.99；定量限为0.01~0.02 mg/kg；在0.01、0.02、0.05、0.1和0.2 mg/kg 5个添加水平下，115种农药的平均回收率为51%~150%，RSD为0.8%~34%，其中80种农药的平均回收率在70%~120%之间，满足农药残留分析要求。该方法操作简便快捷、具有良好的准确度、精密度和灵敏度，为花椒中多种农药残留的快速筛查提供了可靠的分析手段。 相似文献
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In order to evaluate trapping and standard sampling methods for Coleoptera adult detection in bulked wheat, three commercial
types of traps (WBII, Pitfall Cone Trap and Grain Probe Trap) and a 2-m long grain trier (9 openings, 750 g capacity) were
compared. The comparison, which took place in 9 steel bins containing wheat in Central Greece, indicated that the traps were
more effective in detecting adults belonging to the 21 beetle species that were found. Traps contained up to 45 times more
adults than the grain trier samples, while at the same time traps produced noticeable levels of detection sensitivity for
all species found, as compared to the grain trier samples. For most species, mean trap catches in WBII and Pitfall Cone traps
were significantly higher than the means of the other two methods. The correlation coefficient values between trap catches
and adult numbers in samples were not significantly different than zero, indicating that the effort to relate trapping to
absolute estimation sampling methods is a very complex procedure. 相似文献