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1.
分别采用紫外分光光度法和超高效液相色谱法研究强力霉素原料药与强力霉素壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉的体内外释药特性。结果表明:强力霉素原料药在人工胃液、肠液和pH7.4磷酸缓冲液中的体外释放均可用零级动力学方程拟合,释放较快,在1h内能完全溶出;强力霉素壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉具有显著的缓释特性,在各介质中的体外释放均可用双相动力学方程拟合,前期表现为快速释放,后期为缓慢释放,冻干粉在各介质中的释药速率从大到小依次为:pH2.0人工胃液>pH3.0人工胃液>pH4.0人工胃液>人工肠液>pH7.4磷酸盐缓冲液。强力霉素原料药包裹成强力霉素壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉后,经(25±1)℃20mg/kg单剂量口灌,在斑点叉尾的药—时曲线由双峰变为单峰,在血浆中的血药峰浓度(Cmax)减小,峰值时间(Tmax)和消除半衰期(T1/2β)明显延长,药时曲线下面积(AUC)变大,是一种理想的强力霉素新剂型。 相似文献
2.
通过体外及体内实验2种途径,探讨了壳聚糖对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)和中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirr sinensis)的血淋巴细胞部分特性的影响.体外实验通用3HrdR、14C-UR、3H-Val掺入法研究了不同剂量[0μg/mL(对照)、5μg/mL、10μg/mL、20μg/mL、50μg/mL和100μg/mL]的壳聚糖对异育银鲫PHA和LPS刺激的淋巴细胞DNA、RNA和蛋白质增殖的影响.结果表明,随着蟹血淋巴中壳聚糖剂量的增加,检测到3H-TdR、14C-UR、3H-Val的放射强度逐渐增强,当壳聚糖终质量浓度达20μg/mL时,PHA和LPs刺激的DNA、RNA、蛋白质增殖作用达到最大值,而壳聚糖的终质量浓度达到100μg/mL时,放射强度低于不添加壳聚糖时,表明此时的壳聚糖剂量抑制了淋巴细胞DNA、RNA和蛋白质的增殖.同样,随着鲫血淋巴中壳聚糖剂量的增加,检测到3H-TdR、14C-UR、3H-Val的放射强度也逐渐增强,当壳聚糖终质量浓度达10μg/mL时,经PHA和LPS刺激的放射强度达峰值,其每分钟放射性计数(cpm)分别为11 133、8 882,8457、6 726,5964、4 286,而壳聚糖的终质量浓度达到100μg/mL时放射强度甚至低于不添加壳聚糖时,表明此时的壳聚糖剂量抑制了淋巴细胞DNA、RNA和蛋白质的增殖.同时,利用流式细胞仪技术,检测了以壳聚糖(100 mg/kg)投喂鲫和蟹不同时间(7～30d)后淋巴细胞的细胞周期(cells cycle)、增殖指数(PI)和凋亡指数(AI)的变化情况.结果表明,各采样时间蟹淋巴细胞的细胞周期、增殖指数(PI)和凋亡指数(AI)与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);日粮中添加壳聚糖后对鲫淋巴细胞AI没有显著影响(P>0.05),但对PI则显著提高(P<0.05),对鲫淋巴细胞周期中的G2/M和S时相的比例显著或极显著提高.实验结果提示,壳聚糖可促进鲫和蟹淋巴细胞的增殖,从而增强其免疫机能,但不同水产动物对壳聚糖的免疫刺激作用敏感性不同. 相似文献
3.
用复凝聚法制备以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为囊壁、以焦酚为囊芯的缓释微囊,研究微囊形态、色泽及包埋率等指标来探究囊壁配比、囊芯浓度(1、2、3、4、5 mg/mL)和DMSO含量(17%、29%、38%、44%、50%)对焦酚缓释微囊制备的影响,以优化焦酚缓释微囊制备工艺。结果显示,壳聚糖与海藻酸钠复凝聚反应最佳含量比例为1:2;囊芯浓度为3 mg/mL焦酚缓释微囊呈球形,大小均匀,包埋率为51.56%,当助溶剂DMSO含量为17%时,包埋率达到93.35%,微囊大小均匀呈球形,色泽晶莹透亮。 相似文献
4.
《中国渔业质量与标准》2018,(6)
以壳聚糖与卵磷脂为载体,采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖(CS)/迷迭香提取物(RE)纳米粒(CS/RE-NPs),并将其用于草鱼保鲜中。通过分析蛋白盐溶性(salt extractable protein,SEP)、巯基(-SH)含量、表面疏水性、血红素铁(heme iron)含量的变化情况,探究壳聚糖/迷迭香提取物纳米粒对草鱼蛋白氧化的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖/迷迭香提取物纳米粒(含0. 9 mg/mL RE)具有较好的缓释效能和较强的自由基清除能力。在p H 6. 8的体系中,迷迭香提取物的释放量为61. 29%; p H 6. 0的体系中,释放量为73. 91%。壳聚糖/迷迭香提取物纳米粒的DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率分别为92. 47%和93. 98%。采用质量浓度为0. 9 mg/mL的壳聚糖/迷迭香提取物对草鱼进行冷藏(4℃)保鲜,在贮藏第9天时,壳聚糖/迷迭香提取物纳米粒处理组草鱼中SEP、-SH含量及Heme iron含量分别比空白对照组提高了12. 12%、11. 76%和63. 63%。壳聚糖/迷迭香提取物纳米粒有效延缓了冷藏期间鱼肉蛋白的氧化速度,更好地保持了草鱼的品质。 相似文献
5.
壳聚糖絮凝法回收鱼糜漂洗水中水溶性蛋白质的工艺研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用壳聚糖作为絮凝剂进行鱼糜漂洗水中水溶性蛋白质的回收试验。分别通过体系的pH、回收温度和壳聚糖絮凝剂加入量的单因素试验及这3个因素的正交试验,研究其对蛋白质回收率、透光率和化学耗氧量（COD）去除率的影响,得出壳聚糖絮凝法回收40mL已知蛋白质质量浓度（9．0mg·mL-^1）的鱼糜漂洗水中水溶性蛋白质的最佳工艺条件为体系pH8．0,回收温度35℃,1％壳聚糖添加量为1．5mL。该工艺获得的蛋白质回收率为73．17％,透光率87．50％,COD去除率47．20％。 相似文献
6.
为研究黄连等30种中草药对鲟鱼源海豚链球菌的抑菌、杀菌作用,通过水煎煮法对30种中草药进行提取,采用牛津杯打孔法,在观察鲟鱼源海豚链球菌对30种中草药敏感性的基础上,进一步采用二倍稀释法测定中草药对鲟鱼源海豚链球菌的最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度。试验结果表明,鲟鱼源海豚链球菌对黄连、黄芩、连翘、丁香高度敏感,其中黄连的体外抑菌效果最佳,抑菌圈直径为(28.35±0.65) mm;对秦皮、山楂、女贞子、苦楝皮、石榴皮等均中度敏感;对丹参、猪苓、苍术、茯苓、贯众和生首乌低度敏感。黄连、黄芩、连翘、丁香、秦皮对鲟鱼源海豚链球菌的最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度分别为1.95 mg/mL和3.90 mg/mL、1.95 mg/mL和15.62 mg/mL、3.90 mg/mL和7.81 mg/mL、3.90 mg/mL和15.62 mg/mL、7.81 mg/mL和7.81 mg/mL,其余中草药对病原菌的最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度均高于15.62 mg/mL和31.25 mg/mL。综上可知,黄连、黄芩、连翘、丁香、秦皮对鲟鱼源海豚链球菌具有较好的防治效果。 相似文献
7.
采用琼脂扩散法和二倍稀释法测定了31种抗生素和10味中草药及组合对致病性鮰爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)的抑菌作用。结果表明:31种抗菌类药物中,病原菌对头孢克洛、复达欣、头孢噻吩、先锋必、氟哌酸、环丙沙星、氨曲南、恩诺沙星、头孢拉定、头孢克肟、阿莫西林、新生霉素、先锋Ⅴ、氧氟沙星、呋喃妥因、头孢呋肟、头孢氨苄和羧苄青霉素18种药物敏感,对克拉霉素、菌必治、红霉素、林可霉素、多粘菌素B、罗红霉素6种药物表现耐药性。10种中草药水提取物对鮰爱德华氏菌均有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中黄芩水提物的抑菌作用最强,其对鮰爱德华氏菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别为3.75mg/mL和7.50mg/mL,抑菌圈平均直径达29.17±1.60mm;连翘、大黄、蒲公英、金银花、黄柏有较强的抑菌作用,MIC为7.50～15.0mg/mL,抑菌圈平均直径均在20mm以上;而龙胆草表现出较弱的抑菌作用。 相似文献
8.
用质量浓度为0.4 mg/mL、0.8 mg/mL、1.2 mg/mL、1.6 mg/mL和2.0 mg/mL的NaNO_2以及质量浓度为0.5mg/mL、1.0 mg/mL、1.5 mg/mL、2.0 mg/mL和3.0 mg/mL的KNO_2溶液分别处理受精后6 hpf (hours post fertilization)的斑马鱼Danio rerio胚胎,培养至96 hpf,每隔24 h在体视显微镜下观察记录胚胎死亡、孵化和发育异常状况,并测定胚胎自主活动次数、心率和体长,研究不同亚硝酸盐对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:当亚硝酸盐质量浓度为0～0.5 mg/mL时,斑马鱼胚胎生长发育无明显异常;当亚硝酸盐质量浓度达到或超过1.0mg/mL时,开始出现毒害效应:胚胎自主活动、心跳、孵化率和体长下降,未孵出的胚胎发育异常,心包水肿、脊柱弯曲、头部发黑和死亡。NaNO_2和KNO_2的96 hpf-LC_(50)分别为1.30 mg/mL和1.44 mg/mL,96 hpf-EC_(50)分别为1.12mg/mL和1.50 mg/mL,96 hpf-IC_(50)分别为0.84 mg/mL和1.04 mg/mL。亚硝酸盐对斑马鱼胚胎发育有一定的抑制作用和致畸效应,且NaNO_2的毒害作用大于KNO_2。 相似文献
9.
41种中草药对3种鲟源病原菌的体外抑菌效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用平板打孔法在观察了弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii)、鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)等3种鲟源病原菌对41种中草药敏感性的基础上,进一步采用二倍稀释法测定了具有良好抑菌活性的中草药对3种病原菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。实验结果表明,3种病原菌对乌梅、石榴皮、地榆、杞子等均高度敏感,对杜仲、柴胡、丹参、熟地黄等均中度敏感,对麦冬、当归、胖大海、玉竹均不敏感。此外,乌梅、石榴皮、地榆、杞子对3种病原菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度分别为7.81 mg/mL和15.625 mg/mL、15.625 mg/mL和31.25 mg/mL、15.625 mg/mL和31.25 mg/mL以及15.625 mg/mL和31.25 mg/mL,而杜仲、柴胡、丹参、熟地黄等中度敏感中草药对3种病原菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度均分别高于31.25 mg/mL和62.5 mg/mL。 相似文献
10.
用琼脂扩散法和二倍稀释法测定了20种中草药对迟缓爱德华氏菌（Edwardsiella tarda）（GD080715-1、GD080715-2）的体外抗菌活性。结果表明,五倍子、乌梅、大青叶、石榴皮的抑菌作用明显,最小抑菌浓度（MIC）〈6.25 mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度（MBC）〈50 mg/mL;吴茱萸和菖蒲有一定的抑菌作用,MBC为50～100 mg/mL;而苦地丁、栀子的抑菌作用不明显,MBC〉200 mg/mL。 相似文献
11.
The effects of non-ionic (sorbitol, maltose, trehalose) and ionic compounds (Na-glutamate, Na-acetate, Na-sulfate, ammonium
sulfate) on freeze denaturation of myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) and of myofibrils were compared. Sugars, Na-glutamate and Na-acetate
well suppressed the freeze denaturation of myofibrils as well as S-1 in a concentration dependent manner. Although sulfate
suppressed freeze denaturation of S-1 irregularly, it accelerated myofibril denaturation. It was concluded that sulfate salts
were useless as cryoprotectant for myofibrils. Stabilization extent by F-actin in frozen storage was much less than that in
heating. 相似文献
12.
Karun Thongprajukaew Sittikorn Pettawee Somkiat Muangthong Suktianchai Saekhow Wutiporn Phromkunthong 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(1):296-303
Live diets are preferably used for rearing Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910) since they provide superior growth over the dry feed. In the current study, three different preparations of mosquito larvae were prepared (frozen at ?20°C, F–20; freeze‐dried and kept at 4°C, FD4; freeze‐dried and kept at ambient temperature, FDAT) and were individually fed to 1‐month‐old red male fighting fish (1.18 ± 0.01 g initial body weight) over 6 weeks duration. At the end of experiment, there were no significant differences in growth performance and feed utilization across three dietary treatments (p ? 0.05). Specific activity of lipase was significantly lower in fish fed FD4 and FDAT than with the F–20 diet, while no differences in other enzymes were observed. The fish fed with FDAT diet significantly increased in viscerosomatic index relative to F–20 and FD4 treatments. Significant improvements in skin redness and flesh quality (RNA and RNA/protein ratio) were observed in the fish fed with FDAT diet relative to the other treatments. This preferred FDAT treatment also maintained the carcass composition. Analysis of digestive enzymes in FDAT mosquito larvae demonstrated the presence of protein‐, carbohydrate‐, and lipid‐digesting enzymes after 1 month of storage. The findings from our experiments indicate that the freeze‐dried form (FDAT) of mosquito larvae is suitable for rearing Siamese fighting fish. However, effective preparation protocol and appropriate storage times should be further studied. 相似文献
13.
冻结速率和冻藏温度对鲢肉蛋白质冷冻变性的影响 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
研究了冻结和冻藏温度对鲢肉肌原纤维Ca-ATPase活性和盐溶性蛋白溶解度的影响并作了冷冻切片观察，结果发现，冻结速率对具有一定细胞形态的鲢肌蛋白质的冷冻变性有一定的影响，对无完整细胞形态的碎鱼肉和鱼糜基本无影响，而冻藏温度对鱼肌、碎鱼肉和鱼糜蛋白质冷冻变性都有显著的影响，即温度越低，变性越小，而抗冻剂可有效防止蛋白质的冷冻变性，尤其是使鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白质的稳定性大大提高。 相似文献
14.
Two methods were developed for the production of larval fish diets. The first method, microextrusion marumerization (MEM), has been tested in laboratory feeding trials for many years and produces particles that are palatable and water stable. The second method, particle‐assisted rotational agglomeration (PARA), produced diets that have lower density than diets produced by MEM. Each method was used to produce diets in the 250‐ to 400‐ and 400‐ to 700‐μm range and compared with a reference diet (Fry Feed Kyowa * [FFK]) for feeding larval walleye in two experiments. The effect of substituting 4% of the fish meal with freeze‐dried artemia fines was also investigated. In the first experiment, 30‐d survival was greater (P < 0.05) for fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia (49.1.0%) than for fish fed the same diet produced by MEM (27.6%). The addition of Artemia to a diet produced by MEM did not increase survival of larval walleye. Fish fed the reference diet had 24.4% survival. In the second experiment, there was an effect of both processing method and Artemia supplementation, and an interaction of these effects, on survival. Fish fed a diet produced by PARA without Artemia supplementation had 48.4% survival, and fish fed the same diet produced by MEM had only 19.6% survival. Inclusion of 4% freeze‐dried Artemia improved (P < 0.04) survival of fish fed MEM particles but not those fed PARA particles. Fish fed FFK had greater weight gain than fish fed other diets in both experiments. Data indicate that the PARA method of diet processing produces smaller, lower density particles than the MEM process and that diets produced by the PARA process support higher survival of larval walleye with low capital and operating costs. 相似文献
15.
Kumiko Hayashi Kunihiko Konno Kyoko Adachi Takeshi Nawamura Yoshikazu Shizuri Yuji Okita Ikuo Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):797-803
Suppressive effects of neocarrabiose 4-O-sulfate on the thermal and freeze denaturation of myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) and on myofibrils were investigated. The compound
strongly suppressed the thermal denaturation of S-1. Its suppressive effect was greater than that of sorbitol and similar
to that of maltose. However, it tended to accelerate the denaturation of myofibrils, suggesting a loss of protection by F-actin
upon its addition. The compound suppressed the freeze denaturation of myofibrils and S-1. The effect was similar to that of
sorbitol or maltose, and completely different from that of Na-sulfate. The compound solubilized myofibrils at concentrations
similar to KCl. Therefore, it was concluded that neocarrabiose 4-O-sulfate behaved as an ionic salt in the thermal treatment process, whereas it behaved as a sugar in the frozen storage process. 相似文献
16.
Kyungmin Han Inge Geurden Paul Van der Meeren Sungchul C. Bai Patrick Sorgeloos 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2005,36(2):196-202
The present study examined the distribution of particle sizes in two experimental standardized lipid emulsions (distributed by ICES, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) as a function of the preparation method (hand shaking or ultrasonic blending) and as a function of storage time. A 24-h enrichment trial compared the incorporated HUFA levels in the nauplii of Artemia franciscana .
The emulsion droplets in the 50% HUFA emulsion (ICES 50, ethyl ester based) were much smaller than in the 30% HUFA emulsion (ICES 30, triacylglycerol-based) in which 90% of the droplets had a diameter below 12.3 μm as compared to 1.3 pn in ICES 50. The blending method highly affected particle sizes. High-shear blending instead of the classical hand shaking of the emulsion of both ICES 30 and 50 reduced the mean particle size from 5.06 to 1.07 μm and from 0.38 to 0.11 μm, respectively. The particle size distributions remained stable during the 1-wk storage, suggesting the absence of agglomeration or bacterial development. The fatty acid composition of 24-h enriched Artemia reflected differences in the HUFA profile of the emulsions, but was independent of observed differences in the size of the particles. 相似文献
The emulsion droplets in the 50% HUFA emulsion (ICES 50, ethyl ester based) were much smaller than in the 30% HUFA emulsion (ICES 30, triacylglycerol-based) in which 90% of the droplets had a diameter below 12.3 μm as compared to 1.3 pn in ICES 50. The blending method highly affected particle sizes. High-shear blending instead of the classical hand shaking of the emulsion of both ICES 30 and 50 reduced the mean particle size from 5.06 to 1.07 μm and from 0.38 to 0.11 μm, respectively. The particle size distributions remained stable during the 1-wk storage, suggesting the absence of agglomeration or bacterial development. The fatty acid composition of 24-h enriched Artemia reflected differences in the HUFA profile of the emulsions, but was independent of observed differences in the size of the particles. 相似文献
17.
中华绒螯蟹胚胎的玻璃化冷冻保存 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究了中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)4个不同发育时期胚胎对A号玻璃化液的耐受性和玻璃化冷冻保存。结果表明,不同时期的胚胎对玻璃化液的耐受能力不同,其中卵裂期胚胎对玻璃化液的耐受能力较差(20~30 min),前无节幼体期和原溞状幼体期胚胎在玻璃化液中的适应时间较长(40~60 min);随着平衡时间的延长,中华绒螯蟹各个时期的胚胎成活率逐渐下降。中华绒螯蟹前无节幼体期胚胎在A号玻璃化液中平衡40 min,0.25mol/L的蔗糖分别洗脱5、10、15、20 min后,胚胎成活率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。前无节幼体期胚胎在A号玻璃化液中平衡40 min,在–196℃冷冻40 min,快速解冻后用0.25 mol/L的蔗糖洗脱10 min,有8个胚胎成活,成活率为(9.3±2.5)%,胚胎培养至第4天死亡;原溞状幼体期胚胎在A号玻璃化液中平衡40 min,在–196℃冷冻35 min,经相同浓度的蔗糖洗脱相同的时间,有7个胚胎成活,成活率(11.3±3.6)%,培养至第6天时,1个胚胎孵化出膜,出膜胚胎成活1d后死亡。 相似文献
18.
本试验以蟹为原料,经闪蒸后,最大程度减少了蒸煮过程中汁液流失及营养成分损失;通过对蟹肉采用超高温瞬时灭菌工艺,最后确定其灭菌工艺为杀菌温度135℃、杀菌时间11S;通过对单体速冻蟹肉与冷冻蟹肉解冻后汁液中氨基酸成分的对比,确定采用真空冷却结合单体速冻对蟹肉进行冷冻,以确保蟹肉解冻后不会造成汁液大量流失。 相似文献
19.
为探究不同方式干燥卵形鲳鲹鱼片的风味差异,实验选取冰鲜卵形鲳鲹为原料,采用热风干燥、热泵干燥和冷冻干燥3种方式干制卵形鲳鲹鱼片,分别测定并分析其TBA值、呈味核苷酸含量、游离氨基酸含量和挥发性风味物质等指标。结果显示,干燥后的卵形鲳鲹鱼片中TBA值与K值均显著上升,其中冷冻干燥鱼肉的TBA值仅比冰鲜鱼片增加1.6倍,但热泵干燥和热风干燥则分别增加了5.5和4.5倍。干燥后鱼肉中的总游离氨基酸含量及味精当量较冰鲜卵形鲳鲹鱼片显著降低,其中热风干燥鱼肉的味精当量则下降了50.83%。热泵干燥鱼肉中苦味氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量分别占总氨基酸含量的19.11%和7.37%,而冷冻干燥组鱼肉中甜味氨基酸相对百分含量最高,为53.62%。3种干燥方式中,热泵干燥卵形鲳鲹的味精当量最高,为4.47谷氨酸钠(MGS)/100 g,表明热泵干燥卵形鲳鲹鱼片的鲜味程度最高。就挥发性风味成分而言,热泵干燥鱼肉酯类和酮类较多,其主要呈现果香味和焙烤坚果味;热风干燥中烃类和芳香类的相对含量约占70%,醛类和酯类相对含量达20%;而冷冻干燥中烃类与芳香类相对含量占到90%以上,醛类和酯类相对含量不足8%,其风味... 相似文献