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1.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(4):29-46
Abstract Policies aimed at the exclusion of local communities from forest management are inappropriate, especially in a densely populated area with a low level of land ownership. Here we demonstrate that termination of the Tumpang Sari program, which allowed local communities access to areas for controlled cultivation in several parts of the state forest area in West Java, Indonesia, did not cease illegal cultivation of the forestland. Moreover, illegal cultivation continues to be conducted by many people. This has created not only a land degradation problem but also has affected other forest resource users, the fuelwood collectors and the dairy cattle farmers. Therefore, the re-involvement of local communities in better forest management is required to avoid further environmental degradation as well as enhance poverty alleviation programs. 相似文献
2.
竹产业是我国南方山区的特色产业,发展竹产业是帮助山区农民实现脱贫的重要方式。文章以江西省婺源县岭西村的竹产业精准扶贫为例,总结了西岭村在依靠发展竹产业进行脱贫中的具体做法,包括：通过低产毛竹改造项目培育竹林资源,成立竹业专业合作社打造竹产品品牌,与电商销售平台合作推广竹产品;由科研机构提供技术支撑,开发竹林休闲生态旅游等。岭西村竹产业的发展为当地贫困户提供了就业岗位,增加了林农收入,消化了当地农村剩余劳动力。岭西村的实践为竹产区的"精准扶贫"工作提供了有益参考。 相似文献
3.
基于金融精准扶贫的我国林权抵押机制设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金融精准扶贫是提高金融市场效率、促进地区经济发展、增加贫困地区林农收入的有效手段,但作为金融精准扶贫重要措施的林权抵押政策在我国实践过程中存在着定位不清、扶贫对象不明、扶贫效率低下的问题。文中阐述金融精准扶贫的内涵与理论基础,认为应该设计以林权抵押为核心的金融精准扶贫政策,从构建团体抵押机制、建立多功能和多层次农村金融体系、完善林业经营保险体系、赋权贫困群体参与金融市场等方面完善林权抵押机制。 相似文献
4.
生态护林员政策是我国开展生态扶贫行动的一项创新性举措，是践行“两山”理念、贯彻落实生态文明思想的一个生动实践。生态护林员政策的有效实施实现了脱贫增收与生态保护双赢的目标。2022年中央一号文件明确提出要对生态护林员政策进行优化调整。同时，在我国全面脱贫任务目标完成的背景下，生态护林员政策的任务重心也应从生态补偿脱贫一批的目标中脱离出来；过渡阶段巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接目标的提出，也使得生态护林员政策适时调整更加迫切。文中总结归纳我国生态护林员政策提出的理论框架，分析其政策实施机制及成效；结合实地调研情况，探讨目前生态护林员政策面临的问题，包括生态护林员选聘范围受限、指标分配不平衡、缺乏生态护林员收入保障和激励机制、政策资金来源单一有限、监管与考核机制不健全、生态护林员综合素质不高等；最后对生态护林员政策动态调整提出对策建议。 相似文献
5.
林业生态扶贫研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
林业生态扶贫是改善贫困地区生态状况、提高人们生产生活水平的优先选择。林业作为一项公益性事业和基础性产业,在生态扶贫中不仅发挥了生态效应,也体现出较强的经济效应和社会效应。文中在回顾国内外相关文献及实践的基础上,梳理林业与生态扶贫之间的关系,探讨林业生态扶贫的理论逻辑,总结我国政策倾斜式、产业发展式、机制创新式3种林业生态扶贫实践模式,概述林业生态扶贫的保障政策,最后进行评述和展望。 相似文献
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指出了新时期切实做好扶贫移民安置、发展移民经济,构建社会主义新农村,是当前地方政府的重要工作。而移民满意度是评价扶贫移民工作成败的重要因素,由于地区不同因素的影响,扶贫移民工作在效果上是有较大差异的,从而导致移民满意度的差异也相当明显。下盘石村和柏坡底村同属黄河流域晋陕峡谷段的国家级贫困县,仅一河之隔,同属于村内扶贫移民搬迁的对象,但在搬迁过程和结果上的差异悬殊,两村之间通过对比所表现出的问题涵盖了黄土高原区村内扶贫移民存在的主要问题。在实地调研的基础上,以晋陕两省两个自然村的农户调查数据为依据,对影响村内搬迁农民满意度差异的原因进行了分析。结果表明：两村移民满意度存在着较大的差异,而造成这种差异的原因是多方面的,主要表现在补助标准、宅基地使用费、搬迁后移民生活状况、搬迁后产业状况及搬迁过程中具体措施上的不同。 相似文献
8.
Increasing attention has been paid to the question of whether and how community forestry links with poverty reduction in the
mountainous regions in developing countries. Household-based community forestry was first implemented in Yunnan and spread
over other parts of China in the 1980s. In this forestry management system, rural households are the main actors. Household
forestry is a form of small-scale community forestry and suits the rural areas of China, where social overhead capital and
skilled human resources are lacking. Community forestry has played a remarkable role in guiding and facilitating rural poverty
alleviation in Huoshan County, Anhui Province. This paper describes how the community forestry project in Huoshan County has
helped the farmers improve their livelihoods through the creation of a forestry model involving science and technology demonstration
households and independent farmers’ organisations. The sustainable poverty alleviation model developed in Huoshan has proved
to be effective in poverty alleviation and environmental protection, featuring the participatory forestry components of the
project, namely household forestry, science and technology demonstration households, and independent farmers’ organisations.
With technological and financial aid from government, the local farmers were able and willing to establish this small-scale
forestry management system, planting fast-growing multiple-use tree species with substantial economic benefits. 相似文献
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优化森林生态系统和实现农民增收的手段--发展灌木经济林 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文针对广东省林业建设中面临的两个主要任务，提出发展灌木经济林在优化森林生态系统和实现山区农民增收的思路，列举了可供我省发展的部分药用和蔬菜经济灌木树种，并对发展灌木林的观念与体制等问题展开了讨论。 相似文献
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Indonesia experienced massive deforestation in the last decades where rapid oil palm expansion has been considered as one of the main drivers. This article shows that the process of deforestation and the rapid oil palm expansion cannot be viewed in isolation from broader development contexts. Various actors at local, national, and global levels have used development narratives and poverty alleviation through various policies and institutional setting to create spaces and opportunities for oil palm development. These actors also deliberately created the notion of forest crisis by omitting the values of forest environmental services to justify forest conversion into oil palm plantations. These multiple factors shaped the speed and the direction of oil palm expansion in Indonesia. This rapid oil palm expansion in Indonesia has resulted in massive LUCC and serious environmental problems. Given these complexities, a single policy will not be sufficient when it comes to managing the consequences of rapid oil palm expansion in Indonesia. 相似文献
13.
This study analyzed the temporal variation of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI) of Hun River upstream forest in northeastern China and its correlation with climate parameters (temperature
and precipitation) during the period of 2000–2009. We examined the interannual variation of forest, seasonal variation of
forest and lag effects of climate variables (temperature and precipitation) on forest using simple regression and correlation.
The objective of this paper was to compare the results of our research and previous researches and to show that the conclusions
derived from broad-scale researches provided a direction of policy, but the local details were essential to local management.
We found that the annual mean NDVI was significantly correlated with annual mean temperature. The forests studied in our research
showed insignificant increase trends except for Fraxinus spp. forest. We concluded that the temperature was the limiting factor of vegetation growth in our study area and the forest
which was in the core geographic area of its distribution was resilient to climate variation. When seasonal variation was
examined, we found the largest increase trend of seasonal mean NDVI was in winter. The result was different from the outcome
of previous research at national scale. There were 3 months lag effects of climate variables on vegetation of our study area
in summer and autumn, which was consistent with researches at broad scales. The reasons of both difference and indifference
were discussed in this paper. We also got information about tree species for local management using MODIS NDVI. The results
of this work suggested that information from local scales would be important complements to researches at broad scales and
were essential for local managers. 相似文献
14.
Heilongjiang province is the largest forest zone in China and the forest coverage rate is 46%. Forests of Heilongjiang province play an important role in the forest ecosystem of China. In this study we investi- gated the spatial distribution of forest carbon storage in Heilongjiang province using 3083 plots sampled in 2010. We attempted to fit two global models, ordinary least squares model （OLS）, linear mixed model （LMM）, and a local model, geographically weighted regression model （GWR）, to the relationship between forest carbon content and stand, environment, and climate factors. Five predictors significantly affected forest carbon storage and spatial distribution, viz. average diameter of stand （DBH）, number of trees per hectare （TPH）, elevation （Elev）, slope （Slope） and the product of precipitation and temperature （Rain Temp）. The GWR model outperformed the two global models in both model fitting and prediction because it successfully reduced both spatial auto- correlation and heterogeneity in model residuals. More importantly, the GWR model provided localized model coefficients for each location in the study area, which allowed us to evaluate the influences of local stand conditions and topographic features on tree and stand growth, and forest carbon stock. It also helped us to better understand the impacts of silvi- cultural and management activities on the amount and changes of forest carbon storage across the province. The detailed information can be readily incorporated with the mapping ability of GIS software to provide excellent tools for assessing the distribution and dynamics of the for- est-carbon stock in the next few years. 相似文献
15.
生态维护与贫困治理--论"退耕还林"等政策的可持续发展意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钟茂初 《绿色中国(A版)》2005,(16):36-38
欠发达地区的“生态破坏”与“贫困”是同源性的问题,所以要根本性地消除“贫困”,必须与“生态维护”活动结合起来,才能取得成效。通过分析“退耕还林”政策、“休耕制度”、“世行西部扶贫项目”等实例,对“生态维护”与“贫困治理”相结合的发展思路进行了阐述,并提出了相应的主张。 相似文献
16.
拉丁美洲和加勒比地区是世界主要的竹资源分布区，以瓜多竹为代表的560多竹种资源占全球竹种的33%，其中巴西、哥伦比亚、秘鲁、厄瓜多尔、墨西哥等国竹林面积和竹种数量位居该地区前列。与亚洲相比，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区现代竹产业发展起步较晚，规模和效益有限。面向未来，该区竹资源主要分布国家的政府正在制定和实施相关政策和战略，助力竹区发展经济、缓解贫困和保护环境。 相似文献
17.
Dendi Muhamad Satoru Okubo Tadashi Miyashita Parikesit Kazuhiko Takeuchi 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(6):1247-1260
To halt biodiversity loss in the humid tropics of developing countries, it is crucial to understand the roles and effects of human-modified landscapes with fragmented forest remnants in maintaining biodiversity while fulfilling the demands of local communities and reducing poverty. To implement appropriate landscape planning for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, appropriate information is required about parameters of habitat suitability among various anthropogenic habitats with a range of distances to forests and vegetation characteristics, but such information is limited. We examined differences in avian communities between a remnant forest and four types of man-made forest (two mature plantations and two agroforests) in a forest–agricultural landscape of West Java, and we analyzed the effects of both local and landscape factors on various types of species richness in this landscape. The results from non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed avifauna in the two types of agroforest was clustered separately from that in the remnant forest, mainly because drastic declines in the abundance of forest specialists (including IUCN red-listed species) and their replacement with open-habitat generalists. The mixed-tree agroforests were colonized by 30 % of forest specialists and forest-edge species found in the remnant forest, and maintained the highest richness of species endemic to Indonesia among man-made forests, implying that some forest specialists and endemics might have adapted to ancient landscape heterogeneity. High proportion of insectivorous birds was found in the remnant forest (more than 50 %) and drastically decline in man-made forests, although the species richness of insectivores did not decline significantly in broad-leaved plantations. We concluded that protection of remnant forests should be prioritized to conserve forest bird diversity. However, as different environmental factors affected the richness values of different ecological groups, appropriate landscape design and habitat management could improve functional diversity in forest–agricultural landscapes in the tropics. 相似文献
18.
Forestry decentralization is widely promoted throughout the world tropics as a policy that leads to poverty alleviation. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence to support this assertion. Depending on the literature, this paper addresses the connection between forestry decentralization and poverty alleviation through applying the arguments of efficiency, accountability, equity and sustainability to forestry sector. The paper concluded that forestry decentralization provides few direct mechanisms for lifting people out of poverty. Proximate causal mechanisms that will lead to direct increase in forest-based income within the context of forest decentralization should not be overlooked. 相似文献
19.
森林资源既是一项重要资产,也是发展生产的重要资本。林业实践是改善民生、消除贫困的主要措施之一也已成为广泛的国际共识。文中介绍非洲、东南亚和亚马孙雨林等地区长期以来依靠林业消除区域性贫困的具体实践,并对实践经验进行归纳总结,包括中央与地方权力的有效协调及合理分配以及非木质林产品的有效利用;指出林业消除区域性贫困的过程具有差异性、长期性和挑战性等突出特征,且仍面临着经济社会发展与生态保护的矛盾始终存在、收入与福利分配不均等现实挑战;提出对中国推进消除区域性贫困林业实践的启示,包括持续创新森林资源严格约束下的非木质林产品经营模式、持续探索生态文明建设背景下的民生林业实践模式以及持续探索和创新森林生态补偿实践模式。 相似文献
20.
采用角规实地调查黄丰桥林场90个杉木人工纯林样地胸高断面积,利用样地SPOT5遥感信息与地理信息,建立了杉木胸高断面积多元线性回归估测模型。首先对样地采用GIS软件进行缓冲处理,缓冲后每个样地的面积为1hm2^;然后提取样地遥感光谱信息与纹理信息等21个因子和4个GIS因子,采用逐步回归分析法筛选出6个因子作为模型自变量;最后分别采用普通最小二乘法（OLS）和偏最小二乘法（PLS）建立了杉木胸高断面积多元回归模型。研究结果表明：OLS回归模型的预测精度为82．2％,均方根误差（RMSE）为5．12m^3／hm^2;PLS回规模型的预测精度为83．9％,均方根误差（RMSE）为4．2m^2／hm^2,PLS和0LS回归模型在杉木胸高断面积估测中均取得了较好的效果,用中高分辨率遥感影像在估测森林结构参数上是可行的。 相似文献