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1.
陕西省地形起伏度最佳计算单元研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
[目的]确定陕西省地形起伏度最佳计算单元,分析地形起伏度的空间分布规律,为地貌类型划分提供基础数据。[方法]以陕西省90 m×90 m的航天飞机雷达地形测绘使命(SRTM)数字高程模型(DEM)数据为基础,首先利用邻域统计分析法〔矩形邻域选取2×2,3×3,4×4,…,35×35共34个不同大小的邻域窗口,圆形邻域窗口选取20个(邻域半径R为2~21)〕对陕西省地形起伏度进行提取,然后统计不同矩形窗口和圆形窗口下的各种地形起伏度类型所占面积比例,接着运用均值变点分析法计算最佳计算单元,最后完成陕西省地形起伏度分级图的绘制,并对地形起伏度特征进行分析。[结果]不同地形起伏度类型所占面积比例的变化各有不同。按矩形邻域计算的地形起伏度最佳计算单元为12×12,对应面积为898 704m2,按圆形邻域计算的地形起伏度最佳计算单元为R=8,对应面积为1 254 191.4m2,这说明在使用邻域分析法提取地形起伏度时,采用圆形邻域有别于采用矩形邻域。陕西省地形总体较平缓,主要以小起伏、中起伏为主。[结论]简单实用的均值变点分析法,是确定最佳计算单元的一种较为理想的方法。 相似文献
2.
基于3S技术的地形起伏度与区域土壤侵蚀的相关性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
地形起伏度直接影响着地面的径流变化,是导致土壤侵蚀的主要根源之一。分析两者相关性的前提是准确提取地形起伏度,而确定研究数据尺度下地形起伏度的最佳分析窗口是得出可靠结果的保障。在3S技术的支持下,运用均值变点法分析罗甸县基于DEM（空间分辨率为30 m×30 m）的最佳分析窗口,并依据2007年修正的土壤侵蚀分类分级标准估算研究区各样本单元的土壤侵蚀量,对两者进行相关性分析。结果表明:罗甸县在该尺度数据源下的最佳分析窗口为32×32,最佳统计面积为0.921 6 km2,实证了均值变点分析方法提取地形最佳分析窗口的可行性;地形起伏度与区域土壤侵蚀模数的相关系数为0.519 1,充分说明了作为宏观地形因子之一的地形起伏度是区域土壤侵蚀的主导因素之一。 相似文献
3.
地形起伏度能够反映特定区域的地势起伏特征，采用均值变点法可以有效确定地形起伏度的最佳分析窗口。利用措勤县ASTER GDEM 30 m分辨率高程数据，在GIS平台支持下，通过Python编程，采用邻域分析法在不同窗口大小下提取地形起伏度，运用均值变点法确定措勤县最佳分析窗口。研究表明：(1)措勤县最佳分析窗口为27×27的矩形单元，分析窗口面积为0.656 1 km2。(2)措勤县地形起伏度范围为0～688 m,将其分为5类，起伏度值为70～200 m的丘陵地形和200～500 m的小起伏山地地形为措勤县主要地形，占比分别为37.62%和33.24%;起伏度值为30～70 m的台地地形和0～30 m的小起伏平地地形，占比分别为16.22%和12.57%;地形起伏度值为500 m以上的中起伏山地地形面积最小，占比为0.35%。 相似文献
4.
京津冀地区地貌类型复杂,全局单值最佳分析窗口在该地区地形起伏度提取中具有局限性。采集了区内不同地貌、地貌组合样本,采用均值变点法分别提取了各样本地形起伏度的最佳分析窗口,分析了地形地貌对最佳分析窗口的影响,在此基础上提取了京津冀地区的地形起伏度。结果表明:京津冀地区地形起伏度随分析窗口面积的增大而增大,对两者对应关系的拟合效果幂函数优于对数函数;区内因地形地貌差异存在4.64和5.35 km2两个最佳分析窗口,前者可以表达400 m以内的高差,后者更适合于表达400 m以上的高差;利用4.64和5.35 km2双窗口方案提取的地形起伏度优于单窗口方案,前者改善了后者对平坦地区起伏度的夸大;京津冀地区的地形起伏度在0~1 145 m之间,以平坦、中起伏和小起伏为主。 相似文献
5.
地形起伏度是废弃采石场水土保持治理和生态重建的重要地形指标之一。以0.5m,0.7m,1m,1.5m等12种不同水平分辨率DEM为数据源,采用GIS的窗口递增分析法和均值变点分析法对12种不同分辨率DEM的地形起伏度的最佳分析窗口进行了分析。结果表明:12种不同分辨率的最佳分析窗口都是为9×9网格,相应地提取地形起伏度的最佳统计面积与其相应的水平分辨率关系比较密切,呈幂函数的关系。以0.5m水平分辨率的DEM数据提取地形起伏度的最佳分析窗口面积为20.25m~2,并计算出大于5m地形起伏度的区域占总面积的13.12%。均值变点分析法确定地形起伏度也同样适用于废弃采石场的地形分析。 相似文献
6.
基于DEM数据的祁县地形起伏度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《南方农业》2016,(22)
地形的起伏是造成水土流失的重要因素,以空间分辨率为30 m×30 m ASTER GDEM数据和全国1∶400万矢量数据为基础数据源,运用邻域分析法提取祁县最佳地形起伏度,均值变点分析确定最佳统计单元,最后对祁县地形起伏度进行分级。结果显示,祁县地形起伏度的最佳统计单元为23×23,最佳统计面积为47.61×104 m~2,地形起伏度可分为4级:平原(30 m)占全县总面积的29.82%、台地(30~70 m)占19.81%、丘陵(70~200 m)占40.87%、小起伏山地(200~500 m)占9.51%;西北以平原(30 m)和台地(30~70 m)为主,东南部地形起伏较大,起伏度70 m的丘陵区和小起伏山地占全县总面积的50.38%,地形坡度较大,加之祁县降雨集中,土壤结构松散,侵蚀作用较强,水土流失严重。提出治理祁县的水土流失"应积极建设小型水利工程,加强水土保持监管制度,在丘陵和小起伏山地实行退耕还草还林,发展林业生产基地或者水果种植基地,不断恢复生态平衡"的建议。 相似文献
7.
基于DEM的甘肃省地貌形态特征分类 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]分析微观尺度上的地貌分类指标,为甘肃省的水土流失、地质灾害防治以及农业规划决策提供数据支持。[方法]利用甘肃省DEM数据,通过窗口递增分析、均值变点分析、叠加分析、水系盒维数检验等方法,得到甘肃省地貌形态特征分类试验的最佳分析窗口以及甘肃省地貌形态特征分类结果。[结果](1)利用均值变点分析得到甘肃省DEM分类试验的最佳分析窗口为29×29。(2)根据分类指标体系,结合地表起伏度、地表切割度、地形位置指数(TPI)因子将甘肃省地貌形态分为13类。[结论]提取研究区内5个小流域对得到的甘肃省地貌形态特征分类结果进行了检验,分类结果符合实际情况。构建的甘肃省地貌形态特征的分类指标体系实现了甘肃省地貌形态特征分类试验。 相似文献
8.
基于地形起伏度的江西省人口-经济格局变化分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]对江西省人口-经济格局变化进行分析,为新常态下区域层面的人口与资源环境协调发展提供量化依据。[方法]基于江西省数字高程数据,运用ArcGIS技术,采用窗口分析法,提取江西省地形起伏度,系统分析地形起伏度的空间分布规律及其与人口、经济的相关性。[结果](1)江西省的地形度以低值为主,88%的县域地形起伏度小于0.5,东、南、西部3面高,中部和北部低,在空间分布上呈现U形特征;(2)江西省人口、经济集中度总体上北高南低,人口向地势较为平坦的北部区域集聚明显,经济整体向北部鄱阳湖生态经济区集聚;(3)江西省2000—2010年10a间,受地形起伏度影响,起伏度小于0.25的区域人口集中度的比重由2000年的59.23%增加到60.47%,相应地经济集中度所占比重由2000年的72.80%增加到75.49%。[结论]江西省地形起伏度与人口、经济存在较强的负相关性,区域人口、经济表现出随地形起伏度下降而增加的趋势。 相似文献
9.
[目的]探究喀斯特高原山区水土流失的特征与空间变化规律,为制定符合喀斯特山地环境的水土流失防治对策提供科学依据。[方法]以典型喀斯特山区重点生态功能区贵州省荔波县为研究区,综合运用地理空间分析方法,确定提取地形起伏度最佳的分析单元,结合水土流失敏感性评价,分析地形起伏度与水土流失敏感性的空间分布规律及其相互关系。[结果]基于10 m空间分辨率DEM数据,提取地形起伏度的最佳网格大小为54×54,地形起伏度(RDLS)在0.32～2.12之间;荔波县水土流失敏感主要为微度侵蚀,占县域总面积达88.40%;水土流失敏感性区域主要集中在RDLS为0.7～1.7的分级范围内,RDLS在1～1.5区间对水土流失的响应最敏感,为水土流失敏感性的优势因子区间。[结论]研究区内RDLS与不同敏感度的水土流失分布具有一定的一致性,总体上水土流失受地形起伏度变化的影响显著。 相似文献
10.
基于全国 1:10 0万的栅格数字高程模型 ( DEM)数据 ,在 ARC/ INFO的 GRID模块支持下 ,利用窗口分析方法 ,经过采样统计 ,确定中国水土流失地形起伏度的最佳分析窗口大小为 5 km× 5 km;基于 5 km× 5 km的分析窗口 ,提取了中国水土流失地形起伏度 ,完成了中国水土流失地形起伏度制图 ;最后对中国水土流失地形起伏度进行了适用性分析 ,并将其初步应用于中国潜在水土流失评价 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献