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土壤是森林植物生命活动的基质.该文研究了冀北山地6种典型森林的土壤养分状况,以及土壤养分的等级.结果表明:6种森林土壤的全氮均属于极贫乏程度,全氮含量排序为:白桦落叶松混交林>油松蒙古栎混交林>白桦阔叶纯林>蒙古栎纯林>油松纯林>落叶松纯林;碱解氮和有机质含量排序为:白桦纯林>白桦落叶松混交林>蒙古栎纯林>油松蒙古栎混交林>油松纯林>落叶松纯林;6种森林类型土壤磷均属于极贫乏程度,全磷含量排序为:白桦纯林>白桦落叶松混交林>落叶松纯林>蒙古栎纯林>油松纯林>油松蒙古栎混交林;速效磷含量排序为:白桦纯林>落叶松纯林>白桦落叶松混交林>油松纯林>油松蒙古栎混交林>蒙古栎纯林;速效钾含量排序为:白桦落叶松混交林>白桦纯林>蒙古栎纯林>油松蒙古栎混交林>油松纯林>落叶松纯林 相似文献
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测定了不同林分(油松人工纯林、蒙古栎次生林、油松+蒙古栎混交林)的土壤养分和土壤酶活性,旨为林间管理提供依据。选择同样年份的油松人工纯林、蒙古栎次生林、油松+蒙古栎混交林作为测定对象,测定不同林分的土壤养分和土壤酶活性,并进行了组间对比。结果表明：(1)土壤养分：蒙古栎次生林有机质含量最高,油松+蒙古栎混交林其次,而油松人工纯林最低,油松+蒙古栎混交林含水率高于蒙古栎次生林和油松人工纯林但蒙古栎次生林和油松人工纯林相比无差异,全氮、有效氮、速效钾和有效磷等养分指标,油松+蒙古栎混交林含量最高,蒙古栎次生林偏低,油松人工纯林土壤养分较为匮乏;(2)土壤酶活性：3种林分土壤酶活性与土壤养分指标相关,油松+蒙古栎混交林酶活性显著高于油松人工纯林,蒙古栎次生林各项土壤酶活性虽然低于油松+蒙古栎混交林,但高于油松人工纯林,且土壤酶活性指标与土壤养分相关。经测定,油松+蒙古栎混交林平均土壤养分和土壤酶活性>蒙古栎次生林>油松人工纯林,根据测定结果可以为林间管理提供必要的理论依据和支持。 相似文献
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《林业资源管理》2013,(6):137-143
对冀北山地黑桦(Betula dahurica)、白桦(Betula platyphylla)、山杨(Populus davidilana)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)和五角枫(Acer elegantulum)等6种天然林分类型的土壤养分空间分布、变异以及养分之间的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明:1)土壤pH值介于5.046.47之间;有机质、速效钾、全氮、碱解氮、全磷的含量均为油松纯林最低,速效磷以蒙古栎纯林最低,养分整体上有随土壤深度增加而减小的趋势。2)表层土壤pH值的变异系数为0.107,其他土层的pH值变异系数均小于0.1,属于弱变异性。土壤养分指标中406.47之间;有机质、速效钾、全氮、碱解氮、全磷的含量均为油松纯林最低,速效磷以蒙古栎纯林最低,养分整体上有随土壤深度增加而减小的趋势。2)表层土壤pH值的变异系数为0.107,其他土层的pH值变异系数均小于0.1,属于弱变异性。土壤养分指标中4060cm的变异系数最大,其中,速效磷的变异系数最大,为强变异性,其他养分含量各层均为中等变异。3)pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮与速效钾有极显著正相关关系,碱解氮、速效磷与全磷具有极显著正相关关系;pH值与有机质、碱解氮有显著相关关系,全磷与有机质、速效钾有显著相关关系;速效磷与有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾之间关系明显。 相似文献
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为研究辽西地区人工林对石灰性褐土土壤质量的定向改良作用,以油松×沙棘混交林、山杏纯林、油松纯林3种人工林地为研究对象,对在石灰性褐土上的人工林土壤肥力进行了分析。结果表明,油松沙棘混交林能够显著提高有机碳含量,比荒地高42.8%;油松沙棘混交林、油松纯林土壤碱解氮分别比荒地增加34.6%和33.6%,人工林对土壤全氮含量影响不显著;油松沙棘混交林的土壤速效磷和水溶性磷分别比荒地提高14.9%和128.57%;人工林增加了土壤速效钾含量;林木的改良土壤作用主要表现在土壤表层。 相似文献
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胡桃楸落叶松纯林与混交林中根际土壤的养分特征(英文) 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
与非根际土壤相比较,研究了胡桃楸落叶松纯林与混交林中根际土壤pH值、有机质及氮 、磷、钾等养分元素的特征。结果表明：各林分中,除胡桃楸纯林外,根际土壤的pH值均不 同程度低于非根际土壤;除混交林中落叶松根际土有机质含量略低于非根际土外,根际土壤 有机质含量均高于非根际土壤;根际土壤存在氮的相对累积,磷和钾在根际则具有一定的亏 缺趋势,其程度与树种相关;各林分下,氮、磷、钾在根际中均得以活化,表现为根际土壤 速效氮、磷、钾含量偏高;混交林中落叶松根际速效氮含量明显高于其纯林,而混交林中胡 桃楸根际速效磷、钾含量明显高于其纯林。 相似文献
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通过测定土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量、土壤pH值等指标,研究竹阔混交林的土壤化学性质.结果表明:A、B、C三种类型(毛竹与落叶阔叶树混交)较好,0～40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH值分别比毛竹纯林增加29.6％,9.1％,10.4％,31.7％,26.8％和3.9％,土壤养分状况有明显改善,土壤肥力大大提高;毛竹与常绿阔叶树混交及毛竹纯林较差,两者趋于一致.由此可见,适当的竹阔混交有利于土壤地力的维持. 相似文献
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研究马尾松纯林、桉树纯林和3种不同模式混交林土壤养分含量的变化规律,并对其土壤养分状况进行主成分综合排序。结果表明：土壤有机质、全 N、全 P、水解 N、速效 P 和速效 K 皆表现为随土壤深度增加而减少,全 K 则表现相反;在各林分中,桉树纯林的土壤有机质、速效 P 含量最高,混交林次之。混交林则土壤全 N、全P 和速效 N 含量总体上大于纯林。马尾松纯林除在浅层土中速效 P 含量最高外,其他养分指标都低于桉树纯林和混交林。土壤养分综合评价为桉树纯林＞混交林 A＞混交林 C＞混交林 B＞马尾松纯林,表现为桉树纯林养分状况最好,马尾松纯林最差,与针阔树种的生长特性和凋落物养分归还能力有关。混交林中种植密度较大的混交林A 养分状况相对较好,表明其养分储存能力较好,消耗较少。而相同种植密度下,混交林 C 的林分土壤养分状况优于混交林 B。 相似文献
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林木混交对土壤性质及肥力的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对油松、刺槐人工混交林和油松纯林生长状况及土壤肥力进行了样地调查。其结果表明,在0～20cm土层中,混交林土壤总孔隙度、田间持水量、土壤pH值分别比油松纯林增大7.59%、2.31%、6.46%;土壤容重和可溶盐含量分别减小1.63%和10.88%。混交林土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量分别比油松纯林增大10.95%、15.80%、12.02%;速效钾含量减小1.36%。油松在混交林中,树高、胸径和单株材积生长量分别比油松纯林增大5.32%、5.11%和19.51%。因此,混交林能有效改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤肥力,促进林木生长,增加经济收益。 相似文献
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辽宁地区油松落针病防治技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在辽宁地区发生落针病的油松林分内开展林间防治试验,试验结果表明:营林措施防治可明显减轻油松枯萎发生程度,林中Ⅳ、Ⅴ级病株明显减少;林间小区试验筛选出硫磺烟剂22．5 kg／hm2和多菌灵液剂500倍液防治效果较好,分别可达81．25％、70．66％;林间小面积试验证明硫磺烟剂22．5 kg／hm2和多菌灵500倍液均有较好的防治效果,平均防治效果分别为80．60％、70．95％;用修枝抚育和硫磺烟剂22．5 kg／hm2防治结合或修枝抚育和多菌灵 500倍液防治结合,效果比单纯使用药剂提高10％左右。 相似文献
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为了进一步加快生态建设步伐 ,迅速改变我省森林植被稀少、生态基础薄弱的状况 ,绿化大面积的干旱瘠薄石质阳坡荒山 ,是摆在我们面前的一项紧迫而艰巨的任务。我们通过多年下乡调查与实践 ,总结出了一些干旱石质山区阳坡油松造林的经验 ,归纳起来 ,有以下几个方面 ,仅各地在营林实践中参考。1 造林技术要点1.1 培养耐旱苗“阳坡育苗阳坡栽 ,就地育苗就地栽”。阳坡苗在干旱条件下生长 ,会对苗木的生理机能和生态特性产生一定的影响 ,提高苗木的抗性和适应性 ,加之运途短等综合条件 ,造林成活率一般都比较高。异地育苗造林 ,正好反之。即使… 相似文献
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Jurga Motiejūnaitė Gražina Adamonytė Reda Iršėnaitė Sigitas Juzėnas Jonas Kasparavičius Ernestas Kutorga Svetlana Markovskaja 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(4):745-756
The early post-fire development of mycobiota following a crown fire in mountain pine plantations and a surface fire in Scots pine plantations, and in the corresponding unburnt stands in the coastal sand dunes of the Curonian Spit in western Lithuania was investigated. Species numbers in unburnt Pinus mugo and Pinus sylvestris stands showed annual fluctuation, but in the burnt sites, the numbers of fungi increased yearly, especially in the crown fire plots. Both burnt stand types—P. mugo and P. sylvestris—showed strongly significant (two-way ANOSIM; R = 1, p < 0.05) differences in species composition; the differences between unburnt sites were clearly expressed but less significant (R = 0.86, p < 0.05). Fungal species composition of burnt P. mugo and P. sylvestris sites was qualitatively different from that of corresponding unburnt sites (two-way ANOSIM; R ≥ 0.75, p < 0.05). The chronosequence of mycobiota in surface fire burns was less clearly defined than in crown fire sites, reflecting the greater patchiness of impacts of the surface fire. Although both fire types were detrimental or at least damaging to all functional groups of fungi (saprobic on soil and forest litter, wood-inhabiting, biotrophic, and mycorrhizal and lichenized fungi), their recovery and appearance (fructification) patterns varied between the groups and among the burn types. The end of the early post-fire fungal succession (cessation of sporocarp production of pyrophilous fungi) was recorded 3 years after the fire for both crown and surface fire types, which is earlier than reported by other authors. Rare or threatened fungal species that are dependent on fire regime were not recorded during the study. 相似文献
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红松是我省最主要的用材造林树种，它材质优良，种子价值高，现有的天然红松林资源日趋缩小，母树年龄日趋老化，结实量逐渐下降，红松种子供需矛盾较为突出。为了解决红松种子不适应更新造林需要和种子需求量逐年加大的矛盾，将现有的部分人工红松林改培成母树林是十分必要的。经调查， 17～ 20年的红松人工林即可结实，此时一般母树能结 2～ 5个球果，且果大籽粒饱满，年均结实率 40％～ 50％，每公顷可采种子 120kg左右。但现有的红松人工林一般密度较大影响母树结实，要想调解种子产量必须搞好疏伐和土壤管理，搞好此项工作即做到了人工… 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):142-151
The effects of timing and intensity of precommercial thinning were studied in three Scots pine artificially regenerated stands on Vaccinium forest sites in southern Finland. A two-level factorial design (3×3) was used in each stand: thinning at dominant height of 3, 6 and 9 m to 1000, 1600 and 2200 stems ha?1. The effects of the treatments were analysed after a period of 23–25 yrs when the dominant height was 14–15 m. Early thinning resulted in the highest standing volume and amount of merchantable wood, and also in slightly accelerated height development. Thinning to 1000 stems ha?1 caused a considerable production loss, but there were no differences between the densities of 1600 and 2200 stems ha?1. Branches became thicker after early thinning, but the differences between the treatments were negligible for crop trees. Crown ratio was lowest as the result of early or moderate thinning (2200 stems ha?1). 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):214-226
Abstract The quantitative effect of pine-dominated edge stands in southern Finland on the density and growth of pine saplings was addressed in the study. The cumulative effect of a mature edge stand on the development of a pine sapling stand with variable cutblock sizes was also estimated. The data were acquired from 10 study sites with a Scots pine sapling stand with a current dominant height of 1–6 m and an adjoining middle-aged to mature edge stand dominated by Scots pine. Tree level models were constructed to describe and simulate the structure and development of the sapling stands. The results indicated that dividing an average regeneration area (2 ha) into smaller cutblock units (1.0–0.5 ha) appreciably increased the edge stand effect. Total stand volume growth was 6% lower on 1 ha cutblocks, and 31% lower on 0.5 ha blocks, than on 2 ha blocks. 相似文献
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红松果材兼用林基地建设是一项重要富民工程。文章提出红松果材兼用林培育应抓好宣传引导、经济扶持和技术保障等措施。 相似文献
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红松人工林修枝效果的调查 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
红松人工林由于其木材含油脂较多，枝条柔软，所以枝条枯死后不易脱落而长时期留在树干上，随着林木年轮的生长，这些枯死枝条被包嵌进去而形成死节。因此，修枝对促进红松人工林形成优良材有重要作用。 为了探讨红松人工林的修枝效果，１９８８年９月在黑龙江省勃利县通天二林场跃进作业区１小班设立了１组不同强度的修枝标准地，于１９９３年１０月上旬进行了调查，现将调查结果简介如下。１ 标准地设置 标准地设１组３块，设置在山下腹同一条水平线上。３块标准地相衔接，每块面积为２０ ｍ × ２０ ｍ，林地坡向为向西偏南，坡度１５°… 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):471-480
Abstract The age and spatial structure of six natural old growth Pinus sylvestris stands in Latvia were investigated, to attempt to identify retrospectively the past features of development. In each stand, one or two plots of size 200–900 m2 were established. Tree locations were mapped, stem diameter was measured, and tree age was determined from cores or by counting branch whorls. Tree distribution was assessed by Ripley's K function. A clumped spatial pattern was shown for P. sylvestris younger than 100 years. The temporal patterns of establishment could be partly linked to favourable climatic periods. The major disturbance affecting pine stands along the coast was windblown sand, which partly buried some stems and probably affected the patterns of seedling recruitment and mortality. Disturbance caused by fire had a major role in determining the past regimens of mortality and establishment in dry stands located inland. The successful invasion during the last century of spruce in more mesic plots with a pine overstorey may be due to fire suppression. 相似文献