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1.
This study evaluated the properties of nine Scylla paramamosain microsatellite loci screened by us previously for inclusion in a parentage assignment marker suite. These nine highly polymorphic markers (mean He=0.847 and PIC=0.830) were determined as being suitable for parentage assignment. Simulations based on allele frequency data from 15 known maternal families (165 individuals) demonstrated that at least four loci were required to assign >95% of offspring to maternal parents with 95% confidence. In actual parentage assignments, all progenies were assigned to the maternal parents with six or more loci, which was similar to the simulation predictions. Our results suggest that this set of microsatellites provide a powerful and efficient tool for identifying pedigree information for selective breeding programmes of S. paramamosain.  相似文献   

2.
A set of 49 microsatellite loci isolated from the endemic New Zealand Greenshell™ mussel, Perna canaliculus, were evaluated for inclusion in a parentage assignment marker suite by assessing their ease of PCR amplification, allele scoring and conformity to Mendelian inheritance in hatchery-produced families. Ten polymorphic loci (mean He = 0.78 and polymorphic information content (PIC) = 0.72) were identified as being suitable for parentage assignment. These 10 microsatellite loci gave a combined non-exclusion probability of < 0.001 (probability that an unrelated parent pair will not be excluded from parentage of an arbitrary offspring), based on allele frequencies from 16 broodstock mussels. Simulations predicted an assignment success rate of 99.9% with all 10 loci and > 95% with the best 5 or more loci (mean PIC = 0.84). In actual parentage assignments, 124 offspring from 8 full-sib families were assigned to the correct parent pair with 4 or more loci. We found evidence for null alleles and extensive size homoplasy in many loci, highlighting the importance of thoroughly characterizing and evaluating microsatellite markers prior to parentage assignment and other applications.  相似文献   

3.
黄颡鱼遗传图谱构建及生长相关性状的QTL定位   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以野生(♂)和人工养殖(♀)黄颡鱼杂交的100个F1个体为作图群体,用SSR、SRAP和TRAP3种DNA分子标记技术构建黄颡鱼的遗传连锁图谱。图谱整合了13个SSR标记,89个SRAP标记,26个TRAP标记。其中雌性框架图谱包括16个连锁群,图谱的长度为585.5cM;雄性框架图谱包括15个连锁群,图谱的长度为752.3cM;共享框架图谱包括5个连锁群,图谱的长度为231.3cM。用该连锁图谱对黄颡鱼的5个生长相关性状进行QTL扫描,在雌性图谱上检测到1个头宽的QTL,定位于第七连锁群上,LOD值为3.2,可解释的表型变异为13%。在雄性图谱上分别检测到1个体高和体长的QTL,均定位于第一连锁群上。体高QTL的LOD值为2.4,可解释的表型变异为12%。全长QTL的LOD值为2.1,可解释的表型变异为11%。3个QTL均可用于黄颡鱼的生长性状的标记辅助育种。  相似文献   

4.
采用RAD测序技术对瓦氏黄颡鱼进行简化基因组测序,利用MISA软件对拼接的数据进行SSR搜索。结果共获得2 275 778条contig序列,共检测到466 983个SSR位点,其中二碱基重复位点最多,有335 095个,占总数的71.8%。随机挑选碱基重复次数较多的微卫星引物25对进行合成,有19对引物通过PCR扩增可以获得目的片段。用长江武汉段30个瓦氏黄颡鱼样本进行多态性验证,其中13个SSR验证为高多态性标记。这些高多态性瓦氏黄颡鱼标记可应用于其群体遗传学、亲子鉴定、分子标记辅助育种等方面的研究。  相似文献   

5.
We calculated the recapture rates for Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis following hatchery release in Jiaozhou Bay and Bohai Bay in 2012 based on parentage identification using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results and process were as follows: In total, 3 × 105 postlarval Chinese shrimp (inner marker), comprising six full-sib families, were released into Jiaozhou Bay with a hatchery release of approximately 9 × 107 same-sized stock in the spring. Eight shrimp (inner marker) were identified from 2,507 recapture catches in the autumn, with information about eight SSR loci available by using Cervus 3.0. Similarly, another six full-sib families, comprising 2.04 × 105 postlarvae, were released into Bohai Bay with a hatchery release of approximately 1.6 × 108 same-sized Chinese shrimp of postlarval stock, and four shrimp were identified from 3,232 recapture catches in the autumn. Furthermore, we calculated the number of released stock in the recapture catches, i.e., 2,400 and 3,137 in Jiaozhou Bay and Bohai Bay, respectively. Combined with statistics for Chinese shrimp resources during the autumn fishing season, we calculated that the recapture rates for Jiaozhou Bay and Bohai Bay were 2.70 and 2.59 %, respectively, being slightly lower but more precise compared with results obtained using traditional methods (2.81 and 2.67 %).  相似文献   

6.
黄河鲤全同胞家系的微卫星标记亲子鉴定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
本研究利用11个高度多态的微卫星标记对26个黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematoperus)全同胞家系中的417尾体重较大的正常体色个体(黄河鲤较大个体)和52尾红色个体(红鲤表型个体)进行了亲子鉴定。11个微卫星座位的平均等位基因数、平均观测杂合度(H_o)、平均期望杂合度(H_e)和平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为8.2、0.792、0.792和0.76。当双亲未知且置信度为95%时,11个座位的累积排除概率达99.79%。除29尾黄河鲤较大个体以外,388尾黄河鲤较大个体和52尾红鲤表型个体准确地找到了其父母本,实际鉴定率为93.82%。通过对子代数目超过20尾的7个黄河鲤家系生长性状的比较分析,本研究成功鉴定出子代生长性状优良的黄河鲤亲本组合及其家系,同时也鉴定出包含隐性红色基因的黄河鲤杂合亲本,为进一步选育表型和体色纯正且生长快速的黄河鲤新品种提供了理论依据和技术手段。  相似文献   

7.
Pedigree information is essential for the genetic improvement of traits of interests in breeding programs. In this study, twelve microsatellite loci were selected to optimize three multiplex PCR protocols for parentage assignment in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). One hundred and fifty adult fish and 252 progenies produced from three pilot groups (P1, P2, and P3) were used to examine the power of the three multiplex microsatellite PCR sets for parentage analysis. The average number of alleles (Na) per locus, observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and polymorphism (PIC) were 21.83, 0.883, 0.882, and 0.869, respectively. The combined exclusion power using all loci was greater than 99.99 %. Simulation analysis revealed a high assignment success rate (100 %). Parentage analysis of real offspring demonstrated that 99.6 % of all offspring were unambiguously allocated to single pairs of parents. Our results indicate that these three multiplex PCR sets could be used in pedigree reconstruction for grass carp breeding.  相似文献   

8.
Parentage analysis in aquaculture determines genealogical relationships between broodstock and progeny when the parents are unknown. Thus, parentage analysis is a useful tool to establish pedigree reports in molecular‐assisted selection programs. Here, we evaluated 10 heterologous microsatellite markers for parentage assignment in abalone hybrids produced from 43 abalone broodstocks of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and Japanese abalone (H. discus hannai). The allele frequencies, exclusion probabilities and broodstock contributions were calculated using CERVUS, PAPA and GERUD software. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values showed that most of the microsatellite loci were highly informative (>0.7) and more than 90% of parentage assignment was possible with a minimum of 5–6 microsatellite markers. Parentage assignment for hybrid and pure‐red progeny showed a better performance than pure‐Japanese progeny. This result could be due to the high level of allele loss in the parental genotypes. In addition, results indicated that only two sires contributed over 80% and 90% of red and hybrid progenies, respectively. This study gives a new molecular tool to support marker‐assisted selection in abalone hybrids produced in Chile.  相似文献   

9.
利用SSR分子标记技术和从20对微卫星引物中筛选出的12对多态性较高的引物,分析1龄、体质量(14.20±1.20)g黄颡鱼(♀)和长吻[鱼危](♂)及其杂交F1代[黄颡鱼(♀)×野生长吻[鱼危](♂)]的遗传多样性。试验结果显示,这3个群体之间的平均等位基因数分别为4.583、3.667、5.000;平均有效等位基因数分别为2.382、2.221和2.535;平均观测杂合度分别为0.419、0.367和0.604;平均期望杂合度分别为0.477、0.383和0.597;多态信息含量分别为0.420、0.365和0.509。杂交F1代与父本长吻[鱼危]的遗传距离为0.8551,小于与母本黄颡鱼的遗传距离(1.7271),在亲缘关系树状图上先与父本聚为一支。杂交F1代从父本中获得较多的遗传物质,较双亲有丰富的遗传多样性和更高的基因杂合度。该试验结果将为研究黄颡鱼和长吻[鱼危]杂交后代的遗传多样性,探索鲿科鱼类属间杂交育种后亲本与子代的亲缘关系和遗传规律提供理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
大黄鱼微卫星多重PCR体系的建立及其应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
利用本实验室开发的微卫星标记,通过优化退火温度、引物浓度、循环次数等条件,建立了3组大黄鱼微卫星多重PCR体系,每组包含3个微卫星位点,用3组微卫星多重PCR分析了一个大黄鱼选育群体JD-01的遗传多样性。结果显示,该群体的平均等位基因为12.111,平均有效等位基因为7.408,平均多态信息含量为0.846,平均观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.825、0.868,香农多样性指数为2.165。运用Cervus 3.0软件,对已知系谱关系的9个大黄鱼家系及对应亲本进行了亲子鉴定分析,以验证3组微卫星多重PCR在亲子鉴定中的准确性。结果显示,使用该3组微卫星多重PCR体系进行亲子鉴定准确率为100%。大黄鱼微卫星多重PCR体系的建立为分析群体的遗传多样性、亲子鉴定和辅助家系管理提供了一种高效的技术手段。  相似文献   

11.
The establishment and evaluation of family lines using pedigree information provides an advanced understanding of the variability that exists for complex, economically valuable traits and is a necessary step in the execution of an effective breeding programme. The aim of this study was to assign parentage to mass‐spawned Haliotis midae juveniles using species‐specific microsatellite markers. Screening of wild abalone individuals revealed that the nine loci selected complied with the minimum requirements for parentage analyses: a null allele frequency <5% as well as a high number and frequency of alleles per locus. A total of 598 individuals were genotyped (198 breeding individuals and 400 F1 progeny) from two farms, with parentage results yielding 91% and 90% successful assignment for Farms A and B respectively. This study, therefore, provided the necessary pedigree information required for controlled breeding of individual adult abalone and indicated the usefulness of the panel of microsatellite markers selected for parentage assignment.  相似文献   

12.
Parentage analysis is a useful tool for establishing pedigree relationships in selective breeding. In this study, 31 microsatellite markers were tested, and 13 loci were subsequently used to identify parenthood in Pinctada fucata. According to simulation analysis, the power of nine loci to exclude false parents was 99.94%, and that of 10 loci was 99.95%. Moreover, using 10 loci and known parental and filial information, the cumulative assignment success rate to one true parental pair was as high as 99%. Of the 120 progeny tested, 93.3% were exclusively assigned to their parental pairs in mixed pedigrees. These results suggested that these microsatellite markers can be used for rapid and effective parentage assignment and contribute to the selective breeding of P. fucata.  相似文献   

13.
Custom‐built single‐nucleotide‐polymorphism (SNP) marker systems that are compatible with Sequenom® chemistry are compared with a general purpose microsatellite marker system in their ability to accurately assign Black Tiger shrimp parentage. The microsatellite system consisted of 13 markers, while the SNP systems comprised of 63 (SNPa), 59 (SNPb) or 122 markers (SNPab). Comparisons were made using animals from commercial breeding lines with thresholds for assignment derived using simulated genotypes. Pedigree assignment for commercial lines was highest when panel SNPab was used. Panel SNPa, panel SNPb and Msat functioned with an overall similar level of power for pedigree assignment, however, for some families, the Msat panel was not as powerful. Pedigree assignment for the simulated diploid genotypes was higher for all SNP panels compared with Msat. Overall the three SNP panels provided parentage assignment rates suitable for commercial shrimp breeding programs with assignment rates in the simulated genotypes greater than 96.8% and correct assignments greater than 99.3%. Compared with the microsatellite panel, custom‐built SNP panels, whether they operate as single panels, or as a combined panel, have improved power to perform dam and sire assignment to progeny and provide faster turnaround time as they are compatible with Sequenom® chemistry.  相似文献   

14.
  相似文献   

15.
利用自主开发的微卫星标记对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)进行微卫星多重PCR体系构建,最终成功建立4组多重体系,每组体系包含4个微卫星位点,并成功应用于3个家系的亲子鉴定中。结果显示:(1)本研究筛选的16个微卫星标记,平均观测杂合度为0.8206,平均期望杂合度为0.8164,平均多态信息含量为0.7927,具有丰富的多态性;(2)运用Cervus 3.0软件对已知系谱信息的3个中华绒螯蟹家系共95个子代个体进行亲子鉴定分析,结果显示,选用任意两组微卫星多重PCR体系时,累积实际正确鉴定率均超过94.74%;使用任意三组微卫星多重PCR体系时,累积实际正确鉴定率均大于98.95%;使用四组微卫星多重PCR体系时,累积实际正确鉴定率达到100%。并且当选用组合1、2和组合3,或者选用组合1、3和组合4时,对3个家系的累积正确鉴定率达到了100%,因此选用这些组合不但可以获得准确的系谱信息,还能减少工作量,降低成本。本研究构建的微卫星多重PCR体系能为中华绒螯蟹的种群选育和家系管理提供便捷、高效的途径。  相似文献   

16.
Abstract.— In order to monitor spawning success in earthen ponds, individual channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish were identified prior to stocking by genotype analysis with polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers. Individual spawns were collected and reared in a hatchery, and eight sac-fry per spawn were sampled for genotype analysis. Mendelian inheritance of microsatellite alleles was used to identify parents of each spawn. The probability of detecting a falsely matched offspring and spawning pair was >99%. Average spawning success was 44% (17–80%). Multiple spawning by males was found in seven of the eight ponds sampled. In these ponds, 47% of the males fertilized 2–6 egg masses over 1–8 wk, although most were 2–3 wk apart. Four different spawns were identified as two full-sib families and were probably due to interrupted spawning. Parent/offspring genotype analysis will be useful for production of half-sib families for estimation of genetic components of variation, estimation of effective breeding population, and selection of broodstock for multiple reproductive traits under natural spawning conditions.  相似文献   

17.
基于标记系谱的红鳍东方鲀生长性状遗传分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
利用分子标记辅助家系选育进行红鳍东方鲀生长性状的遗传评估,由红鳍东方鲀基础群体中选择性腺发育良好的雌雄亲本各11尾建立全同胞家系11个,每个全同胞家系随机采集10尾个体组建全同胞家系群体,从混合培育的家系中选择相对较大的个体400尾组建混合选育群体。在红鳍东方鲀遗传连锁图谱上挑选44个均匀分布于22个连锁群上的微卫星DNA标记,每个连锁群有2个标记。全同胞家系群体的遗传分析结果显示,10个高亲本排除概率微卫星标记的Excl(1)和Excl(2)为0.58~0.662和0.736~0.797,14个低亲本排除概率标记的Excl(1)和Excl(2)为0.054~0.43和0.177~0.608,剩余20个中等亲本排除概率标记的Excl(1)和Excl(2)为0.467~0.575和0.641~0.732。利用拥有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记进行混合选育群体的亲权鉴定,结果显示:不同父母本繁殖产生的子代数量存在明显差异,父本M2和母本F4产生了124个子代,占子代个体总数的32.89%。根据亲权鉴定结果建立的系谱估计主要生长性状的遗传参数,不同日龄的体质量和体长遗传力估计值为0.17~0.21和0.15~0.18。研究表明,利用具有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记能够有效建立红鳍东方鲀系谱,进行生长性状的遗传参数估计,分子标记辅助家系选育可以作为红鳍东方鲀目标性状遗传改良的新方法。  相似文献   

18.
通过分析栉孔扇贝BAC末端序列,发现大量微卫星DNA;随机选择14个多态性BES-SSR标记,在我国栉孔扇贝大连群体(DL)和青岛群体(QD)中验证标记的可用性,同时对这两个群体的遗传结构及其分化进行研究。结果表明,从17447条BESs中得到微卫星3374个,以四核苷酸重复为主(26.6%),五核苷酸重复次之(17.7%),六核苷酸重复最少(12.0%)。BES-SSR引物的扩增效率为77.3%(99/128),在作图亲本中的多态比例为33.6%(43/128),14个基因座在两群体中的平均等位基因数Na分别为18.9286和26.2143,平均有效等位基因数Ne为11.7505和17.0891,平均观察杂合度Ho为0.5100和0.4204,平均期望杂合度He为0.9156和0.9450,多态信息含量PIC分别为0.8940和0.9302,群体遗传多样性水平较高。两群体间的无偏遗传相似性系数为0.4879,遗传距离为0.7177,平均基因分化指数FST为0.0243,基因流Nm为10.0179,显示群体间遗传分化程度较弱,遗传变异主要来自于群体内个体之间,经Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验,两群体普遍存在杂合子缺失现象。研究表明,所开发的BES-SSR是高度多态位点,用于群体遗传多样性分析效果很好,显示BES是微卫星标记开发和应用的重要资源。  相似文献   

19.
Pacific oyster is one of the leading species in world aquaculture, but heritability estimation applying mixed‐family approach has not been actively pursued. In this study, heritability for growth‐related traits in the Pacific oyster was first estimated by creating a single cohort of 45 families in a full‐factorial mating design consisting of nine sires and five dams. A total of 270 offspring were analysed and parentage assignment inferred by six microsatellite markers achieved 100% success. All parents contributed to the spawn and a total of 42 full‐sib families were represented. Using an animal model, heritability estimates at 12 months of age were 0.49 ± 0.25 for shell height, 0.36 ± 0.19 for shell length, 0.45 ± 0.23 for shell width and 0.35 ± 0.17 for wet weight. Genetic correlation between shell height and wet weight was quite high (0.79 ± 0.25), suggesting that direct selection of shell height, which is an easily measurable trait, also improves wet weight. The results obtained in this study indicate that growth‐related traits could be improved by exploiting additive genetic effects through selective breeding.  相似文献   

20.
牙鲆家系亲权鉴定的微卫星DNA标记分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
刘永新  孙朝徽  王玉芬  刘奕  刘英杰 《水产学报》2015,39(11):1593-1603
为准确进行不同家系的亲权鉴定,筛选具有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记,从牙鲆选育基础群体中挑选性腺发育良好的雌雄亲本各10尾建立全同胞家系10个,从独立饲养的每个家系中随机选取30尾个体组成系谱结构已知的家系群体,从混合培育的子代群体中随机选取200尾个体组成系谱结构未知的混合群体。48个微卫星DNA标记选自牙鲆第二代遗传连锁图谱,且均匀分布于24个连锁群上,每个连锁群2个标记。家系群体的遗传分析结果发现,10个拥有丰富遗传多态性的微卫星DNA标记表现出高的亲本排除概率,其Excl1和Excl2的范围分别为0.655~0.719和0.792~0.837。随鉴定所用微卫星DNA标记数目的增加,累计排除概率逐步升高。当使用8个微卫星DNA标记鉴定时,累计排除概率达到100%。利用这些标记开展混合群体的亲权鉴定,显示共有13个雌雄个体参与繁殖过程,不同亲本配组产生的后代数量存在差异,亲本与后代群体之间的各项遗传学统计指标不存在明显差异。研究表明,筛选出具有高亲本排除概率的微卫星DNA标记能够有效进行牙鲆家系的亲权鉴定,可以作为今后开展家系选育与DNA分子标记联合育种的候选标记。  相似文献   

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