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S. ADAMIDOU I. NENGAS M. HENRY N. IOAKEI MIDOY G. RIGOS G.J. BELL K. JAUNCEY 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e288-e296
Three legumes [field peas (P), chickpeas (CP) and faba beans (B)] at two inclusion levels [170 g kg?1 (L) and 350 g kg?1 (H)] were evaluated in a 13‐week experiment with triplicate groups of 92.6 ± 5.0 g gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). A control diet included wheat meal, fishmeal (FM) and a mixture of plant ingredients as protein sources. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic and processed in a twin‐screw extruder. Restricted feeding was applied (15 g kg?1 of body weight) and growth, haematology and histology parameters were evaluated. Decreased, but not significant, growth values were observed for all diets including legumes compared to the control. Poorer feed conversion ratio values were observed for both P diets and for high level B diet. Liver glycogen increased with increasing starch level, but hepatosomatic index did not differ significantly for any of the diet treatments. Histological examination of internal organs showed no pathological abnormalities that could be related to nutritional treatment. The study indicated that the tested legumes are ingredients that could be used in farmed seabream diets up to 350 g kg?1 without negative effects replacing other carbohydrate sources and part of FM. 相似文献
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为探究高浓度蚕豆水提取物、维生素C和E (VC/VE)提升草鱼肌肉品质(质构特性等)的效果,实验以普通配合饲料为对照,30%蚕豆水提取物、30%蚕豆水提取物+VC/VE(400 mg/kg VC+200 mg/kg VE)、蚕豆配合饲料为处理组,分别饲喂(250±20) g草鱼120 d。在40、80和120 d 3个时间点测定草鱼的肌肉和肠道中活性氧(ROS)含量及ROS消除和生成相关酶活性、肌肉细胞中线粒体膜通透性转换孔和线粒体膜电位水平的变化。在120 d时分析草鱼的生长特性和肌肉及肠道的显微结构。结果显示,与蚕豆组相比,30%蚕豆水提取物和30%蚕豆水提取物+VC/VE两组草鱼的生长增加、饲料系数和腹腔脂肪水平显著下降,但蚕豆水提取物+VC/VE组草鱼肌肉质构特性高于30%蚕豆水提取物组。30%蚕豆水提取物和30%蚕豆水提取物+VC/V 相似文献
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在１５．０℃、１７．５℃和１９．０℃３个温度梯度下，各试验组纪体的生长速度和成活率６．３μｍ／ｄ，８．６μｍ／ｄ、９．３μｍ／ｄ；６１．０％、７０．５％、２３．０％。投附着基经２２ｄ培养各试验组稚贝规格（壳长×壳高）分别平均为６２０μｍ×５９５μｍ、７０５μｍ×６８０μｍ、７４５μｍ×７１０μｍ；各组生长速度和附着后成活率分别为１７．７μｍ／ｄ、２１．６μｍ／ｄ、２３．４μｍ／ｄ；３５．４％、３４ 相似文献
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Results are reported of the growth and yield of the Malawi chambo, Oreochromis karongae (Trewavas, 1941) association, and Oreochromis shiranus (Boulenger. 1896) in polyculture with Clarias gariepinus (Burchell. 1822). Six ponds of 150 m2 were assigned to two replicates of three treatments: C. gariepinus and O. shiranus; C. gariepinus and chambo spawned on station; C. gariepinus and chambo collected from the lake. Total fish stocking density was 3 m?2, and stocking ratio 1:2 (C. gariepinus: titapias). Initial mean body weights were 10.9 g for O. shiranus. 13.2 g for C. gariepinus and 13.3 g for chambo. The ponds were fertilized with chicken manure at the rate of 13.5 kg dry matter ha?1 day?1, representing the daily NPK loading of 0.618.0.186 and 0.191 kg ha?1, respectively. Maize bran was applied at 3% body weight day?1 for 168 days. Fish growth rate for C. gariepinus was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the tilapias. Weight gains were 0.48-0.57 g day?1 for C. gariepinus, 0.30-0.31 g day?1 for chambo and 0.24 g day?1 for O shiranus. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the growth of chambo despite the source of fingerlings. More fish biomass came from C. gariepinus stocked at 1 m?2 than from the tilapias stocked at 2 m?2. Extrapolated fish yields in the range of 4.37-4.75 t ha?1 year?1 were obtained from the polyculture of chambo and C. gariepinus. Oreochromis shiranus and C. gariepinus gave 3.95 t ha?1 year?1. Low water temperatures for 112 days slowed the growth of tilapias but did not seem to inhibit the growth of C. gariepinus. Chicken manure and maize bran, applied at smallholder farmer's level, has produced higher yields than by using O. shiranus in monoculture at optimal temperatures. The yields obtained show that the polyculture system is feasible during the cold season and may justify investment in aquaculture at semi-intensive level in Malawi. 相似文献
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Amusium laurenti is a functional hermaphroditewith well differentiated male and female gonadalareas. The gonadal index varies throughout the yearwith maximum values occurring in January, March andJuly, and minimum ones in August and September. Partial spawning (with respect to the individual andthe population) occurred from January to February andMarch to May. The major spawning event coincided withthe end of the period during which bottom watertemperature increased to temperatures above 26°C(July–August). Subsequently temperature decreased to22°C, with a period of gonadal restoration andincreasing gonadal index. Histological analysis ofthe gonads correlated with the gonadal index. 相似文献
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Abstract – Similarities in the diets of larval, juvenile and adult black-stripe minnow ( Galaxiella nigrostriata ) and salamanderfish ( Lepidogalaxias salamandroides ), collected from ephemeral pools in south-western Australia during the mid-wet, late-wet and dry seasons, were assessed. During the mid-wet season, both intra- and interspecific competition for a diminishing food supply was minimised through differences in prey utilisation by the various developmental stages of both species. During the late-wet season, the pools contained only juvenile G. nigrostriata and juvenile and adult L. salamandroides , the diets of which were vastly different. A shift towards terrestrial fauna by G. nigrostriata and the ingestion of greater proportions of larger benthic prey taxa by L. salamandroides minimised interspecific competition for food at a time when densities of zooplanktors were rapidly declining. Timing differences in the onset of aestivation ensures that no interspecific competition for food occurs during the dry season. 相似文献
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Mrigal-common carp hybrids were produced and examined. Only few hybrids could be reared up to the age of 14 months. These did not show signs of maturity. The parents species mature in ponds in 6 months (common carp) or 12 months (mrigal). 相似文献
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为探讨饲喂蚕豆（ Vicia faba）对草鱼（ Ctenopharyngodon idellus）肠道菌群的影响,采用PCR-DGGE技术比较了饲喂蚕豆的草鱼（脆肉鲩组）及饲喂配合饲料的草鱼（普通草鱼组）肠道微生物菌群的异同。结果显示, DGGE图谱上出现了20条明显条带,表明脆肉鲩组及普通草鱼组肠道中均存在大量细菌群落。对这20条条带测序后,获得了其中17条条带的序列,这17条条带中有9条是尚未被培养的细菌。经分析发现,这17条条带分属于变形菌门（ Proteobacteria ）、放线菌门（ Actinobacteria ）、厚壁菌门（ Firmicutes ）、拟杆菌门（ Bacteroidetes ）及未分类的细菌,其中变形菌门为两组肠道的优势菌。实验还发现,饲喂蚕豆对肠内容物菌群的影响大于对肠壁菌群的影响。结果表明,饲喂蚕豆不改变草鱼肠道菌群的种类,但对肠道菌群的相对丰度有一定影响。 相似文献
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Alfredo Salas‐Garza Griselda Parés‐Sierra Rodrigo Gómez‐Rigalt Eugenio Carpizo‐Ituarte 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(4):460-471
This work presents the embryonic, larval, and postlarval development of Lithopoma undosa (L. undosa) (20 ± 2 C and the effect of natural inducers on the larval metamorphosis. Embryonic development until hatching of the trochophore larva took 15 h. Early veliger larvae with well‐developed shell were after 24 h. At 48 h, the operculum was completely formed. Cephalic tentacles were visible after 72 h. Larvae reached competence 6 to 7 d after fertilization, and was characterized by the presence of branched cephalic tentacles. The effect of natural inducers was evaluated. The percentage of metamorphosis with diatoms and adult mucus was 94% and 58% respectively, differing from the 25% without inducer. When was repeated, the metamorphosis was 100%, and 16% with benthic diatoms. The initial mean size of the postlarvae was 0.316 ± 0.02 mm. After 264 d the juveniles had attained a mean size of 5.98 ± 0.16 mm. These results will not only be of use in the evaluation of the culture of L. undosa, but also in studies on the characterization of inducers. 相似文献
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Effects of replacing soybean meal with faba bean meal on growth,feed utilization and antioxidant status of juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella 
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下载免费PDF全文 A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential use of faba bean meal (FBM) as a partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) in the commercial diets for juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with initial average weight of 3.39 ± 0.03 g. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace SBM by FBM protein at 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 g kg?1 (designated as FBM0, FBM15, FBM30, FBM45 and FBM60, respectively). The results indicated that up to 420.3 g kg?1 of FBM can be used for grass carp without negative effects on growth and feed utilization. The higher FBM level would result in growth retardation. The apparent digestibility and intestinal enzymes activities significantly decreased with increased dietary FBM, and the lowest value was observed in diet FBM60. No significant differences were detected in protein contents of whole body, muscle and liver tissues among all treatments. Intraperitoneal fat index and lipid contents of whole body and liver tissues significantly decreased with increased dietary FBM. Serum antioxidant enzymes were significantly affected by dietary FBM level, and the lowest enzymes activities were found in diets FBM45 and FBM60. Results of this study indicated that FBM can successfully replace SBM protein in the commercial diets for grass carp, and the optimum level of SBM replacement with FBM was 450 g kg?1 on the basis of the maximum growth gain. 相似文献
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In this study, the embryonic development of the eggs in the Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Bank & Solender, 1794) was examined. At the same time, possibilities of artificial breeding through artificial insemination were investigated. Artificial insemination was achieved by mixing the eggs of the mature female and sperm of the mature male samples caught with gill nets (22 × 22) in Ataturk Dam Lake in Turkey. To this end, first in a Petri dish (100 × 20), the testes were cut into small pieces with a lancet and the mixture of sperm–testes‐tissue was obtained. The fertilization rate of the eggs was found to be 80%. The diameter of the eggs ranged from 2.015to 1.147 mm. The perivitelline space formed 0.5 h after insemination. The first cleavage occurred at the animal pool 4 h after insemination. The oil droplets had fused to a single droplet 19 h after insemination. The blastoderm became an embryonic shield 30 h after insemination. The blastoderm covered almost half the egg 40 h after insemination and embryonic body was formed. The blastoderm covered almost the whole egg 50 h after insemination. Some somites were discernible 59 h after insemination. The embryonic body reached two‐third of the circumference of the egg 70 h after insemination. The tail bud began to separate from the yolk 77 h after insemination. A newly hatched larva was observed at 85 h after insemination. 相似文献
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在鱼类适应环境盐度变化的过程中,鳃、肾、肠是主要的渗透调节器官,而水通道蛋白(Aquaporins, AQPs)、囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(CFTR)、钠氢交换体(NHE)又是这些器官中重要的渗透调节基因。为研究AQP1、AQP3、CFTR、NHE1在大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)低盐胁迫过程中的渗透调节功能,本研究采用荧光定量PCR技术,对4种基因在盐度5和盐度10下大菱鲆鳃、肾、肠中表达量随时间的变化进行检测。结果显示,AQP1表达量在鳃中极少(P<0.05),在肾和肠中较高,低盐胁迫下,盐度5组和盐度10组在鳃中的表达量无显著变化,在肾和肠中均显著上升(P<0.05)。AQP3表达量在肾中极少(P<0.05),在鳃中较高,在肠中较少,低盐胁迫下,盐度5组和盐度10组在肾中的表达量无显著变化,在鳃和肠中均显著上升(P<0.05)。CFTR表达量在肾中极少,在鳃中较高,在肠中较少,低盐胁迫下,盐度5组和盐度10组在肾中的表达量无显著变化,在鳃和肠中均显著下降(P<0.05)。NHE1在鳃和肠中表达量较少,在肾中较高,低盐胁迫下,盐度5组和盐度10组在鳃中的表达量无显著变化,在肾和肠中均显著上升(P<0.05)。这些结果表明,4种基因表达水平因组织、盐度和时间的不同而不同,反映了这4种基因的功能特异性;在低盐胁迫下,4种基因积极响应,表达量均发生不同程度的变化,表明AQP1、AQP3、CFTR和NHE1在大菱鲆低盐环境适应中可能具有潜在的重要作用。另外,本研究结果可为大菱鲆半咸水养殖和淡化养殖提供理论依据,同时为培育适应低盐环境大菱鲆良种提供理论和技术支撑。 相似文献
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Abstract. An ultrastructural study of Myxobolus exiguus Thelohan, 1895 using interlamellar and subdermal plasmodia from thick-lipped grey mullet, Crenimugil labrosus , revealed differences in the structure of the plasmodia and host tissue reaction. Both plasmodia showed structural evidence of pinocytotic activity, but the surface area of subdermal plasmodia was considerably increased by digitiform extensions of the ectoplasm. A filamentous glycocalyx was a feature of the surface membrane of plasmodia, being more distinct on the interlamellar form. Sporo-genesis involved two morphologically distinct types of generative cells, producing a disporous pansporoblast. Mature spores were oval, measuring 9-0 μ m×7.5 μ m. Sporogenesis and capsulogenesis were essentially similar to other myxosporea. In the juvenile fish examined the host tissue reaction was slight, involving hyperplasia of epithelial cells associated with interlamellar plasmodia and some collagen deposition and localized melanization associated with subdermal plasmodia. 相似文献
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One hundred farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., were examined for the presence of nematodes by digestion of tissue in HCl–pepsin solution. All fish were sampled from one cage in a fish farm on the Norwegian south‐west coast. Fifty harvest quality salmon, that is, salmon for human consumption (mean 5.4 kg, variation 3.0–7.6 kg), were sampled at the processing line while 50 salmon runts (mean 1.1 kg, variation 0.4–1.8 kg), discarded due to poor performance, were sampled from the discard bin after the grading station. Runts are individual fish with clear signs of poor performance over time and abnormal appearance and are thus not processed for human consumption. No nematodes were found in the musculature or viscera of the 50 harvest quality salmon. In total, 75 nematodes were found in 10 (20%) of the runts; 53 nematodes in the viscera and 22 in the musculature. Nematodes in the musculature were identified as Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809 det. Krabbe, 1878), while nematodes in the viscera were identified as A. simplex and Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802). 相似文献
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J. L. TOJO M. T. SANTAMARINA J. LEIRO F. M. UBEIRA M. L. SANMARTIN 《Journal of fish diseases》1994,17(2):135-143
Abstract. Various antiparasitic drugs belonging to several pharmacological groups were tested by bath administration for in vivo activity against a natural infestation of rainbow trout. Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), by he flagellate protozoan Ichthyobodo necator. Fish were also monitored for signs of drug toxicity. Complete elimination of infestation in all fish was achieved only by bithionol (25 mgl-1 for 3h on two consecutive days). Ketoconazole, toltrazuril, amprolium, sulphaquinoxaline, quinacrine, N-metylglucamine, chloroquine, 1,3-di-6-quinolylurea, diminazene aceturate and paromomycin were not effective. Diminazene aceturate (100 mgl-1 , 3h) was the only drug which was clearly toxic. The comparison of the response of symptomatic and asymptomatic infested fish to a formaldehyde bath indicates that poor health caused by I. necator may greatly increase the susceptibility of fish to the toxic effects of a drug or chemical. 相似文献