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1.
蛋鸡育成阶段内脏器官的生长分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选星杂288蛋鸡商品雏1000只,按常规饲养管理。于初生和2～20周龄期间,每隔2周的周末,分性别各解剖10只,测量内脏器官(心、肝、脾、肺、气管、肾和胰)和消化道重量及长度,并进行与体重变化的回归分析。结果,(1)内脏器官重和消化道长度随体重同步变化。约9周龄内脏器官重超过育成阶段的平均重;(2)消化道各部门的增长,以其在生命过程的重要性序列先后:腺胃和十二指肠→肌肉和空回肠→直肠和盲肠→食道。(3)内脏器官变化与体重增长的对数回归,消化道长度与体重变化的幕回归或对数回归的决定系数(R~2)最高(R~2>0.93,P<0.05,N=10)。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在研究8～18周龄饲粮粗蛋白质（CP）水平对开产前（8～20周龄）如皋黄鸡生长性能以及屠体、内脏器官、鸡冠、骨骼、消化道和繁殖器官发育的影响。选用8周龄体况良好、体重接近的如皋黄鸡600只,随机分成5组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只鸡。8～18周龄,试验鸡分别饲喂CP水平为14.00%、14.75%、15.50%、16.25%和17.00%,代谢能水平相同的试验饲粮;18～20周龄（开产时）,试验鸡均饲喂相同营养水平的预产期饲粮。试验期12周（8～20周龄）。结果表明：1）随饲粮CP水平增加,18周龄体重和8～18周龄平均日增重（ADG）均显著线性降低（P <0.05）,8～18周龄平均日粗蛋白质摄入量（ADCPI）、粗蛋白质转化比（CPCR）、代谢能转化比（MECR）和料重比（F/G）以及8～20周龄ADCPI和CPCR均显著线性增加（P<0.05）。2）饲粮CP水平为14.75%组18周龄卵巢基部重显著高于饲粮CP水平为14.00%、15.50%和17.00%组（P<0.05）。3）除脚率和腺胃相对重量外,饲粮CP水平对18和20周龄屠体、内脏器官、鸡冠、... 相似文献
3.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加外源性非特异卵黄抗体(IgY)对雏鸡生长性能及内脏器官发育的影响。选取同一批出雏、体重接近的1日龄罗曼褐公雏240只,随机分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在对照组基础上添加0.1%IgY,饲养期35 d。每周末称重,分别在1、3、5周龄从每个重复选取接近该重复平均体重的试验鸡2只,屠宰,测定其内脏器官的发育。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加IgY显著提高了1周龄和5周龄雏鸡体重(P0.05);显著提高了1周龄雏鸡肝脏重、肌胃重,3周龄雏鸡肌胃重、十二指肠长度及5周龄雏鸡肝脏重、腺胃重、空肠重、胸腺重(P0.05)。由此可知,雏鸡日粮中添加外源性非特异IgY可以促进雏鸡生长性能的提高并影响内脏器官发育。 相似文献
4.
本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质（CP）水平对3～8周龄如皋黄鸡生长发育和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取540只2周龄如皋黄鸡,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。各组饲粮CP水平分别为17.50%、19.00%和20.50%。试验期6周。结果表明：1）随饲粮CP水平增加,5和8周龄蛋鸡体重及3～5周龄、6～8周龄和3～8周龄平均日增重（ADG）均线性减小（P<0.05）;3～5周龄、6～8周龄和3～8周龄平均日粗蛋白质摄入量（ADCPI）、粗蛋白质转化比（CPCR）和料重比（F/G）以及6～8周龄和3～8周龄代谢能转化比（MECR）均线性增加（P<0.05）。2）随饲粮CP水平增加,回肠相对长度线性增加（P<0.05）,而空肠相对重量和十二指肠相对长度均呈先增加后减小的二次曲线变化（P<0.05）。3）随饲粮CP水平增加,胫骨和股骨长度体重比和直径体重比均线性增加（P<0.05）,而股骨直径和强度均线性减小（P<0.05）。4）随饲粮CP水平增加,血清葡萄糖（GLU）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量均线性增加（P<0.05）,而血清... 相似文献
5.
雏鸡7周龄时转入育成舍开始进入育成阶段,该阶段培育的成功与否,很大程度决定蛋鸡性成熟后的体质和产蛋性能,因此要培育出符合品种要求的高产后备蛋鸡,关键的一环是抓好后备母鸡的营养需要、饲养管理。12周龄以前是鸡一生中体重增长相对最快时期,内脏器官和消化道长度随体重同步变化。骨骼在最初10周内发育最快,8周龄时骨骼发育到成年骨骼的75％,12周龄时达到90％。12周龄后,各种器官发育已近健全,体增重速度减缓,胸肌明显增厚,腹脂随日龄增加而逐渐沉积。约从16周龄后,小母鸡逐渐性成熟,肝脏、卵巢、输卵管快速增长,钙质贮备增加,至产蛋率达到伽％时,体重要增加350-450克,为进入产蛋期做好生理上的准备。 相似文献
6.
单冠白来航鸡育成阶段组织与器官的生长分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选星杂２８８蛋鸡地初生和２－２０周龄期间，每隔两周的分性别解剖３或４只鸡（重复测定４次），分析和测量了羽毛，皮，肌肉，骨骼，内脏（指心，肝，脾，肺，肾和胰脏合计），全消化道，脑，腔上囊和血重。结果，①蛋鸡育成阶段（０－２０周龄）骨骼肌部重平均值约占每公斤净体重（鸡体重减少消化道内容物的个体得）的１半以上（其中公占５６２．５８克／千克净体重，母鸡占５５１．１９克／千克净体重），②羽毛，皮，骨骼和消化 相似文献
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8.
高产母鸡的培育,有如下实践体会:1根据后备母鸡的生理特点,供给营养需要12周龄以前是鸡一生中体重增长相对最快时期,内脏器官和消化道长度随体重同步变化。骨骼在最初10周内发育最快,8周龄时骨骼发育到成年骨骼的75%,12周龄时达到90%。12周龄后,各种器官发育已近健全,体增重速度减缓,胸肌明显增厚,腹脂随日龄增加而逐渐沉积。约从16周龄后,小母鸡逐渐性成熟,肝脏、卵巢、输卵管快速增长,钙质贮备增加,至产蛋率达到4%～5%时,体重要增加350～450克,为进入产蛋期做好生理上的准备。1.1营养水平的确定配制日粮时,应根据鸡群生长阶段性特点有针对… 相似文献
9.
试验旨在研究肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）基因在拜城油鸡中的多态性及其与生产性能的关系,探寻可用于拜城油鸡选育的分子遗传标记。选取96只6周龄的拜城油鸡公鸡,随机分为3组,每组32只,分别在12、18和24周龄时对其生产性能指标进行测定,同时采用PCR-RFLP方法检测MSTN基因的多态性,分析MSTN基因多态性与拜城油鸡生产性能的关系。结果显示,在拜城油鸡公鸡中MSTN基因存在多态性,检测到3种基因型:AA、GA、GG,GA为优势基因型,等位基因A为优势等位基因,不符合哈代－温伯格平衡定律（P<0.05）。在12周龄时,AA基因型个体的体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重和腿肌重均显著高于GA基因型个体（P<0.05）;在18周龄时,GA基因型个体的体重、胸肌重和腿肌重均显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）;在24周龄时,AA基因型个体的体重、屠体重和半净膛重均极显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.01）,全净膛重和腿肌重显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）,GA基因型个体的体重、屠体重、半净膛重和腿肌重均显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）,其余指标在不同周龄不同基因型个体间差异不显著（P>0.05）。MSTN基因多态性与拜城油鸡部分生产性能指标密切相关,推测该基因可以作为拜城油鸡选育的分子遗传标记之一。 相似文献
10.
试验旨在探究蛋种鸡育成前期体重对其产蛋性能的影响，为该品系蛋种鸡的体重管理及选育分析提供科学数据和管理思路。本试验将10周龄京红1号蛋种鸡按体重分为4组，并记录和分析产蛋鸡的开产日龄及不同周龄下的体重、产蛋数以及蛋重指标。结果表明：10周龄不同体重对蛋种鸡的开产日龄、产蛋期体重、产蛋数、蛋重均产生一定的影响。体重越大开产日龄越小，A组开产日龄最大（P<0.05）,D组最小（P<0.05）,B组与C组的开产日龄处于A组与D组之间，且二者之间差异不显著；除56周龄各组间体重差异不显著外，28周龄和36周龄各组体重随10周龄体重增大而增大（P<0.05）；产蛋后期（48周龄和56周龄），B组和C组的产蛋数显著高于A组和D组；A组的36周龄蛋重显著小于B、C、D组，而B组和C组间差异不显著。本试验结果提示，10周龄体重处于平均体重的90%～110%范围内，京红1号蛋种鸡后期的综合产蛋性能更佳。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献