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1.
黑龙江省大豆主栽品种主要性状灰色关联度分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为了寻求对黑龙江省三江平原地区大豆产量影响较大的主要农艺性状,从而为龙江地区大豆育种工作提供理论依据.应用灰色关联度分析方法,分析黑龙江省大豆品种主要性状对其产量的影响.结果表明:产量与主要性状的关联度大小依次为单株粒数＞单株荚数＞结荚层数＞有效分枝＞株高＞主茎节数＞百粒重＞单株粒重＞底荚高度,对黑龙江省大豆产量影响最大的是单株粒数,影响较大的是单株荚数、结荚层数,影响中等的是有效分枝＞株高＞主茎节数＞百粒重,影响较小的是单株粒重和底荚高度. 相似文献
2.
大豆农艺及产量性状的主成分分析 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
在大豆高产试验示范与配套技术研究的基础上,分析大豆诸多形态性状与产量的关系,找出对产量影响较大的性状因子,为高产育种、高产栽培提供理论依据.利用生产上运用的3个主栽大豆品种、4种施肥模式与用量、正常生产田密度条件下产生的形态指标及产量差异,分析了大豆植株形态性状指标的主成分,结合产量相关性分析,从中找出产量的主导因子.结果表明,在大豆植株18个农艺和产量性状中,4粒荚数和分枝数变异系数最大,分别为70.15%和68.71%.认为通过更换品种、改善施肥等栽培措施,这些性状具有较大的改进余地,也可以作为育种选择的性状;而百粒重、主茎节数、每荚粒数和经济系数变异较小,其系数仅在3.82%～7.36%之间,改进余地较小;株高、结荚部位、有效荚数等其它性状变异中等,变异系数在11.54%～24.69%之间,也有一定的改进余地.产量与单株粒数、地上干重、有效荚数、3粒荚数、4粒荚数、每荚粒数、百粒重、经济系数都呈极显著的正相关.将大豆植株18个性状指标通过SAS统计软件进行主成分分析,结果表明,这些性状可归纳为产量性状因子、株高性状因子、荚数性状因子和主茎节数性状因子等4个综合指标.这4个主成分累积贡献率达到86.85%,基本可以反映大豆在正常密度条件下,植株的生长和产量状况.育种上需加强生物量大、3粒荚和4粒荚数多、结荚节位低的性状选择;栽培上需注重采取相应的促进生物量增长、降低结荚节位的促控措施. 相似文献
3.
高油大豆品种筛选及350公斤超高产试验设计方案 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
本方案采用百粒重20-24g，结荚密，平均荚结粒3．5个的品系“96—209”大豆作为高产品种，通过一系列的技术措施，在重演320kg/667m^2的基础上，实现每m^2结荚681.82个，荚结3.5粒，百粒重22g(26株/m^2,26．22荚/株)的产量结构，实现667m^2产350kg的超高产栽培。同时，筛选适合当地栽培，产量潜力在250kg/667m^2的高油大豆品种。 相似文献
4.
黄淮海地区大豆品种遗传改进 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10
黄淮海地区大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势是每英粒数增多、每节荚数增多、英比提高、分枝数减少、茎秆增粗、抗倒伏能力增强、粒型增大、单株粒重提高，脂肪含量增加、株高、节数、节间长度，生育期呈现先增后减的趋势，蛋白质含量没有明显改进，产量的遗传改进幅度为１．２－２．５％。相关分析表明，单株粒重、脂肪含量、荚比、每荚粒数、主茎荚数、每节荚数、三、四粒荚数、百粒重、茎粗、节数、生育期与产量正相关或显著正相关。聚 相似文献
5.
265份田埂豆地方品种遗传特性研究结果表明：福建省田埂豆地方品种各性状均有较大的遗传变异和选择潜力,尤以分枝数、单株荚数、单株 粒数和单株粒重的变异最大：茎粗的遗传率最高,结荚高度,分枝数、株高其次。各性状对产量的遗传相关系数的大小顺序为单株粒数＞单株荚数＞分枝数＞主茎节数＞株高＞茎粗＞百粒重。单株粒数对单株粒重的直接作用最大,株高对单株粒重的直接作用最小。从中选出10个生育期适中,分枝多、结荚多、株高适宜、单株生产力较高,可用于生产或作为育种的基础材料;系统选择了埂青81、埂青82两个田埂豆品种,且提纯改良了16个田埂豆品种。 相似文献
6.
黄淮冬麦区小麦超高产的几个问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据试验和调查,分析了黄淮冬麦区超高产条件下的品种特征、育种方向和栽培环境。作者认为在超高产情况下,大穗型品种具有更大的产量潜力;近期内应选用大穗较多穗型品种,其产量构成因素模式为：４８０～５２０万穗／ｈｍ２、３８～４２粒／穗、４５～５１ｇ／千粒;进一步的育种目标为选用大穗少穗型品种,产量构成因素模式为：４００万穗／ｈｍ２、５０粒／穗、５５ｇ／千粒。栽培土壤环境背景值应为：有机质＞１．２％、速效氮＞７０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、速效磷＞２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、速效钾＞１１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 相似文献
7.
通过对来自中国北部、中部和南部不同纬度地区的114个小豆品种在江苏南京和泰国农业大学的农艺性状进行研究。研究结果表明：与栽培在江苏相比，小豆品种在泰国热带地区表现为株高降低、生育期缩短，百粒重、每荚粒数、和单株产量均有所降低，但分枝数和每荚粒数变化不大。从不同来源的群体来看，来自中国北部的品种的农艺性状在泰国的变异系数大于中部品种，而南部品种引种至泰国后农艺性状的变异系数最小。通过对产量因子的相关分析表明，单株荚数对产量的相关系数最大（0．75）。而其它性状如分枝数（0．30）和每荚粒数（0．21）与产量的相关系数不大，而百粒重（0．07）对产量的相关系数最小。聚类分析的结果表明，以上114个小豆品种可划分为中国北部1、中国北部2、中部、南部4个大类。显示了北部品种之间有较大的遗传差异。 相似文献
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9.
本试验研究了原产地不同的大豆品种在冀东夏播条件下，农艺性状，生育期结构，生育期比（Ｒ／Ｖ），生物学产量，器官平衡，经济系数等影响产量的重要因素的表现。结果表明：夏大豆籽粒产量与株高，主茎节数，分枝数，单株荚数，单株粒数，碍粒重均呈正相关。冀东地区夏大豆要获得１５０－２００公斤／亩籽粒产量，主要农艺性状应达到：株高６５厘米，主茎１６节，分枝１－１．２８个，在２．０－２．２２万株／亩密度条件下，单株荚 相似文献
10.
辽宁省杂交育成在豆品种主要农艺性状的遗传改进 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
辽宁省从１９６７年到１９９３年杂交育成大豆主要农艺状遗传改进的趋势是：单株粒重，单株荚数，每荚粒数，单株粒数，百粒重，分枝荚数，分枝粒数，分枝粒重，茎粗增加，生育期，株高，倒伏度减少，其中单株粒重，单株荚数，单株和，生育期，株高，茎粗先期变化大崦后期变化，每荚粒数，百粒重，分枝荚数，分枝粒数，分枝粒重先期变化小而后期变化大。 相似文献
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12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献