共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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结实期温度对稻米理化特性及淀粉谱特性的影响 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
利用玻璃室内的高温和室外的常温，研究了结实期温度对稻米理化特性和淀粉谱特性的.影响结果表明，随着结实期温度的升高，稻米的糊化温度和蛋白质含量提高，胶稠度变化，而直链淀粉含量下降；相关分析表明，结实期日平均气温与胶稠度和蛋白质含量呈正相关，而与碱消值和直链淀粉含量呈负相关，糊化开始温度随结实期温度的升高而提高，但最高粘度、最低粘度及下降粘度值的变化因品种生态类型不同而异，即在高温条件下结实的稻米与在常温条件下结裨稻米相比，其最高粘度，最低粘度以及下降粘度值，早熟品种前者比后者大，而晚熟品种前者比后者小。 相似文献
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水稻低淀粉粘滞突变体的理化特性和淀粉结构 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以水稻低淀粉粘滞突变体RSV-1及其野生型品种II-32B为材料,研究了低淀粉粘滞突变的理化特性和淀粉结构。结果表明,低淀粉粘滞突变体的最高粘度、热浆粘度和冷胶粘度明显小于野生型,但表观直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、碱消值均大于野生型,达最高粘度时间接近,糊化过程中所需能量较低,糊化过程较长;淀粉晶体表现为C型结构,淀粉颗粒与野生型的正六面体颗粒完全不同,呈大小不等的无规则形,淀粉晶体及颗粒结构的改变可能是导致淀粉粘滞性下降及其他理化指标改变的重要原因。 相似文献
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一个低糊化温度水稻突变体(Mgt-1)的培育与稻米品质特征研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在籼型细胞质雄性不育保持系Ⅱ 3 2B干种子经 3 0 0Gy60 Coγ射线辐照照育成的多种叶色突变系中 ,经稻米品质测定 ,筛选到 1个叶色黄化的低糊化温度突变体 ,定名为Mgt 1。稻米用 1 7%KOH处理 ,测得对照Ⅱ 3 2B的碱消值为 2级左右 ,而Mgt 1达 6～ 7级。Mgt 1的表观直链淀粉含量 (AAC)为 2 5%左右 ,与对照Ⅱ 3 2B差异不显著。用粘度速测仪 (RVA)测得的Mgt 1的米粉粘滞性谱 (RVA谱 )与对照Ⅱ 3 2B的存在一定差异 ,Mgt 1的消减值 (SBV)变小 ,热浆粘度 (HPV)显著变大 ,崩解值 (BDV)和回复值 (CSV)显著变小 ,但最高粘度 (PKV)和最终粘度 (CPV)基本相仿。Mgt 1的发现将为研究GT特性的物质基础及遗传特征提供理想的材料。 相似文献
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为提高玉米淀粉的使用性能,采用60Co-γ射线在氧气、空气和氮气条件下对玉米淀粉进行辐照处理,辐照剂量分别为1、3、5、7、10 kGy,测定玉米淀粉的粘度、羧基含量,并采用傅里叶红外(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)进行表征分析。结果表明,随着辐照剂量的增加,玉米淀粉粘度逐渐下降,而羧基含量逐渐升高,其中,辐照剂量为1~5 kGy时,粘度下降较快,最大达到70%以上;辐照剂量为5~10 kGy时,粘度降低减缓。不同气氛条件辐照对玉米淀粉粘度的降低速度和羧基含量的增加速度有明显影响,且其影响程度按照氮气、空气和氧气次序逐渐增强,辐照为5 kGy时,与充氮辐照组相比,充氧辐照组玉米淀粉粘度值降低12.0%,而羧基含量相对增加比率达到107.7%;与原淀粉相比,在3种气氛条件下经5、10 kGy剂量辐照处理后,玉米淀粉分子结构和表面颗粒形貌皆无可见变化,但表征淀粉有序结构的FTIR量化指标1 047 cm-1/1 022 cm-1比值总体上呈下降趋势。综合考虑,辐照引起淀粉分子结构的变化主要发生在无定型区域,而氧气对此有促进作用,氧含量的增加有利于增强该区域内淀粉大分子的辐射裂解与氧化。通过调节辐射剂量和气氛条件,可以节约辐照加工成本,制备性能优良的变性淀粉,从而促进辐照技术在淀粉改性上的推广应用。 相似文献
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The influence of amylose content, cooking, and storage on starch structure, thermal behaviors, pasting properties, and rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) in different commercial rice cultivars was investigated. Long grain rice with high‐amylose content had a higher gelatinization temperature and a lower gelatinization enthalpy than the other rice cultivars with intermediate amylose content (Arborio and Calrose) and waxy type (glutinous). The intensity ratio of 1047/1022 cm–1 determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR), which indicated the ordered structure in starch granules, was the highest in glutinous and the lowest in long grain. Results from Rapid ViscoAnalyser (RVA) showed that the rice cultivar with higher amylose content had lower peak viscosity and breakdown, but higher pasting temperature, setback, and final viscosity. The RDS content was 28.1, 38.6, 41.5, and 57.5% in long grain, Arborio, Calrose, and glutinous rice, respectively, which was inversely related to amylose content. However, the SDS and RS contents were positively correlated with amylose content. During storage of cooked rice, long grain showed a continuous increase in pasting viscosity, while glutinous exhibited the sharp cold‐water swelling peak. The retrogradation rate was greater in rice cultivars with high amylose content. The ratio of 1047/1022 cm–1 was substantially decreased by cooking and then increased during storage of cooked rice due to the crystalline structure, newly formed by retrogradation. Storage of cooked rice decreased RDS content and increased SDS content in all rice cultivars. However, no increase in RS content during storage was observed. The enthalpy for retrogradation and the intensity ratio 1047/1022 cm–1 during storage were correlated negatively with RDS and positively with SDS (P ≤ 0.01). 相似文献
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The starch properties of five low‐amylose rice cultivars, Yawarakomachi, Soft 158, Hanabusa, Aya, and Snow Pearl, were compared with those of two normal amylose rice cultivars, Nipponbare and Hinohikari. There were no large differences in the distributions of the amylopectin chain length determined by high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography, and the starch gelatinization properties determined by differential scanning calorimetry, between normal and low‐amylose rice cultivars. Results obtained using rapid viscosity analysis indicated that low‐amylose rice starches had lower peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback values than normal amylose rice starches. Starch granules from low‐amylose rice cultivars had a higher susceptibility to glucoamylase than those from normal amylose rice cultivars. The results of this study showed some differences between normal and low‐amylose rice starches in pasting properties and enzymatic digestibility. 相似文献
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The starch of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour affects food product quality due to the temperature-dependent interactions of starch with water during gelatinization, pasting, and gelation. The objective of this study was to determine the fundamental basis of variation in gelatinization, pasting, and gelation of prime starch derived from seven different wheat cultivars: Kanto 107, which is a partial waxy mutant line, and six near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing in hardness. Complete pasting curves with extended 16-min hold at 93°C were obtained using the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). Apparent amylose content ranged from 17.5 to 23.5%; total amylose content ranged from 22.8 to 28.2%. Starches exhibited significant variation in onset of gelatinization. However, none of the parameters measured consistently correlated with onset or other RVA curve parameters that preceded peak paste viscosity. Peak paste viscosity varied from 190 to 323 RVA units (RVU). Higher peak, greater breakdown, lower final viscosity, negative setback, and less total setback were associated with lower apparent and total amylose contents. Each 1% reduction in apparent or total amylose content corresponded to an increase in peak viscosity of about 22 and 25 RVU, respectively, at 12% starch concentration. Of the seven U.S. cultivars, the lower amylose cultivars Penawawa and Klasic were missing the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS; ADPglucose starch glycosyl transferase, EC 2.4.4.21) protein associated with the Waxy gene locus on chromosome 4A (Wx-B1 locus). Kanto 107 was confirmed as missing both the 7A and 4A waxy proteins (Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 loci). The hardness NIL also were shown to be null at the 4A locus. Apparent and total amylose contents of prime starch generally corresponded well to the number of GBSS proteins; although the hardness NIL tended to have somewhat higher amylose contents than did the other GBSS 4A nulls. We concluded that reduced quantity of starch amylose due to decreased GBSS profoundly affects starch gelatinization, pasting, and gelation properties. 相似文献
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The structural features of rice starch that may contribute to differences in the functionality of three long‐grain rice cultivars were studied. Dried rough rice samples of cultivars Cypress, Drew, and Wells were analyzed for milling quality, grain physical attributes, and starch structures and physicochemical properties. Drew was lower in head rice yield and translucency and higher in percentage of chalky grains compared with Cypress and Wells. Apparent amylose content (21.3–23.1%), crude protein (8.3–8.6%), and crude fat (0.48–0.64%) of milled rice flours were comparable, but pasting properties of rice flours as measured by viscoamylography, as well as starch iodine affinity and thermal properties determined by differential scanning calorimetry were different for the three cultivars. Drew had higher peak, hot paste, and breakdown viscosities, and gelatinization temperature and enthalpy. Molecular size distribution of starch fractions determined by high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography showed that the three samples were similar in amylose content (AM) (20.0–21.8%) but differed in amylopectin (AP) (64.7–68.3%) and intermediate material (IM) (10.9–13.5%). Drew had highest AP and lowest IM contents, whereas Cypress had the lowest AP and highest IM contents. High‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography of isoamylase‐debranched starch indicated that the AP of Drew was lower in A and B1 chains but higher in B2, B3, and longer chains. 相似文献
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Eight rice varieties with wide diversity in apparent amylose content (AC) were selected and planted in the early season and late season of Hangzhou and in the winter season of Hainan for two consecutive years to study the genotype x environment effects on the starch properties of the grain. Analyses of variance showed that AC, cool paste viscosity, breakdown viscosity, setback viscosity, peak time, gel hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness were mainly affected by genotypic variation, whereas peak viscosity and hot paste viscosity were mainly affected by environmental variation. The year x season, year x variety, seasonx variety, and year x season x variety effects were significant for most traits, indicating significant genotype x environment interactions. AC was significantly correlated with all other parameters except PV. Because the Wx gene controls the synthesis of amylose in rice, the mechanism of how the environment affects starch properties is discussed in relation to Wx expression and regulation. The implications of the results for rice breeders and starch-based food manufacturers are discussed. 相似文献
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《Cereal Chemistry》2017,94(6):928-933
Japonica and indica rice starches (10% w/w) were pregelatinized in a boiling water bath for 5 or 10 min and subsequently heat‐treated in a dry state for 0, 1, 2, or 3 h at 130°C to examine the effects of dry heating on pasting viscosity, paste clarity, thermal properties, X‐ray diffraction pattern, and gel strength of pregelatinized starches. Heat treatment obviously changed the physicochemical properties of pregelatinized rice starch. The pregelatinized rice starches had higher peak viscosity and final viscosity than the corresponding native rice starches. Heat treatment of pregelatinized rice starch for 1 h increased the peak viscosity, but treatment for 2 or 3 h decreased the peak viscosity compared with the unheated pregelatinized rice starch. The indica rice starch exhibited more substantial changes in pasting viscosity than did japonica rice starch during heat treatment. The melting enthalpy of the endothermic peak occurred at 90–110°C, and the intensity of the X‐ray diffraction peak at 20° was increased by dry heating, possibly owing to the enhanced amylose‐lipid complexes. The dry heat treatment of pregelatinized starch caused an increase in paste clarity and a decrease in gel strength. 相似文献
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Amylose-lipid complexes as controlled lipid release agents during starch gelatinization and pasting 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effect of amylose-lipid (AM-L) complexes consisting of amylose populations with different peak degrees of polymerization (DP) and complexed with glyceryl monostearate (GMS) or docosanoic acid (C22) on the pasting properties of wheat and rice starches was evaluated with a rapid visco analyzer (RVA). AM-L complexes were formed by both (i) addition of lipids to amylose fractions with peak DP 20, 60, 400, or 950 at 60 degrees C or (ii) potato phosphorylase-catalyzed amylose synthesis in the presence of lipids. All AM-L complexes affected pasting properties in line with their dissociation characteristics. AM-L complexes therefore have potential as "controlled lipid release agents" with effects markedly different from those observable with emulsifier addition in starch pasting. More in particular, short chain AM-L complexes resulted in a starch pasting behavior comparable to that of cross-linked starch, as evidenced by reduced granule swelling, good viscosity stability in conditions of high temperature and shear, and a stable cold paste viscosity. 相似文献
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James A. Patindol Terry J. Siebenmorgen Ya‐Jane Wang Sarah B. Lanning Paul A. Counce 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(4):350-357
The structural features of starch were examined to better understand the causes of variability in rice quality resulting from nighttime air temperature (NTAT) incidence during kernel development. Starch samples were isolated from head rice of four cultivars (Bengal, Cypress, LaGrue, and XL723) field‐grown in four Arkansas locations (Keiser, Pine Tree, Rohwer, and Stuttgart) in 2009 and 2010. Average NTATs recorded during the grain‐filling stages of rice reproductive growth in the four locations were 3.0–8.4°C greater in 2010 than 2009. Elevated NTATs altered the deposition of starch in the rice endosperm. Means pooled across cultivars and locations showed that amylose content was 3.1% (percentage points) less for the 2010 sample set. The elevated NTATs in 2010 resulted in a decrease in the percentage of amylopectin short chains (DP ≤ 18) and a corresponding increase in the percentage of long chains (DP ≥ 19) by an average of 1.3% (percentage points). The greater NTATs in 2010 also produced greater starch paste peak, final, and breakdown viscosities, whereas setback and total setback viscosities decreased. Changes in paste viscosity were highly correlated with the changes in the proportion of amylose and amylopectin. Onset gelatinization temperature was greater by 3.5°C, gelatinization enthalpy by 1.3 J/g, and relative crystallinity by 1.5% (percentage points) for the 2010 sample set. Changes in gelatinization parameters and granule relative crystallinity were highly correlated with the changes in amylopectin chain‐length distribution. Year × cultivar × location interaction effects were statistically insignificant, indicating that the four cultivars evaluated all showed some degree of susceptibility to the effects of temperature incidence during kernel development, regardless of the growing location. 相似文献