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四星椰象及其在加拿利海枣上的危害 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2000年在厦门市首次发现四星椰象(Diocalandra frumenti Fabricius)危害加拿利海枣(Phoenix canariensis Hort ex Chabaud).2005年经过对福州、泉州、厦门和漳州4个城市市区的加拿利海枣的疫情调查,又发现该虫在泉州市和漳州市的加拿利海枣上发生危害.这是我国继红棕象甲(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv)之后又一种在棕榈科植物上发生危害的外来危险性害虫. 相似文献
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20 0 3年上半年 ,南海局从进境种子和苗木中共截获有害生物近 5 0 0批 ,其中一、二、三类危险性病虫 5种 11批。危险性病虫包括从墨西哥的咖啡种子中截获咖啡果小蠹 (Hypothene mushampei)、从美国加拿利海枣种子中截获棕榈核小蠹 (Coccotrypesdactyliperda)、从韩国华盛顿椰子中截获椰心叶甲 (Brontispalongissima)、从台湾蝴蝶兰和泰国石斛兰中截获草莓滑刃线虫 (Aphelenchoidesfragariae)、从台湾竹竽、韩国华盛顿椰子和中东海枣中截获根结线虫(Meloidogynespp .)。南海局从进境种苗中截获的危险性病虫@黄法余$南海出入境检验检疫局
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椰心叶甲在海南的发生与防治 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
椰心叶甲(Brontispa longissima)是中华人民共和国进境植物检疫的二类危险性害虫.2002年6月,海南省首次在海口市凤翔路发现椰心叶甲危害椰树,按照省政府的统一部署,省林业局、海南出入境检验检疫局与中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所认真贯彻执行《海南省人民政府办公厅关于椰心叶甲除治工作方案的通知》,在害虫感染区组织了大规模的除治行动,在海口港、新港设立了检疫检查点,开展了全省性的虫害普查监测工作,进行了害虫生物学研究和药物筛选实验,并向联合国粮农组织(FAO)通报疫情并寻求国际合作.通过上述措施,减缓了疫情发展的速度.但是,椰心叶甲仍呈现出扩展蔓延的态势,防治形式十分严峻.现将海南省椰心叶甲的发生危害与防治情况介绍如下. 相似文献
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椰心叶甲人工饲料的研制及应用效果评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了获得入侵害虫椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima(Gestro)的人工饲料,在分析其天然寄主叶片水分和营养成分基础上,借鉴其它鞘翅目昆虫人工饲料配方,进行椰心叶甲人工饲料的配制和筛选,并评价人工饲料饲养的椰心叶甲对其寄生蜂椰甲截脉姬小蜂Asecodes hispinarum和椰心叶甲啮小蜂Tetrastichus brontispae的适合性。人工饲料配方的成分:蔗糖4%、椰子粉2%、大豆粉2%、椰树叶粉10%、酵母2%、维生素E 0.3%、抗坏血酸0.2%、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.2%、琼脂4%、链霉素0.03%和水75%。用所配制的人工饲料饲养椰心叶甲初孵幼虫,其蛹成活率可达36%,蛹羽化率与对照无显著差异,均在90%以上;雌成虫占52.4%,与对照无显著差异。表明人工饲料饲养所得的椰心叶甲可用于其幼虫寄生蜂椰甲截脉姬小蜂和蛹寄生蜂椰心叶甲啮小蜂的扩繁。 相似文献
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Insecticide toxicity and synergism by enzyme inhibitors in 18 species of pest insect and natural enemies in crucifer vegetable crops 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The toxicities of three enzyme inhibitors and their synergistic effects on four insecticides were studied by using the dry film method on field populations of 18 species of insects collected in Jianxin and Shanjie, China, from 2003 to 2005. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of these enzyme inhibitors on the activities of acetylcholinesterases (AChE), carboxyesterases (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferases (GST), in vivo, were also studied. In general, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl maleate (DEM) showed low toxicities to six herbivorous pest insects, four ladybirds and eight parasitoids. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) exhibited low toxicities to the herbivorous pest insects and ladybirds, but high toxicities to the eight parasitoids. The tolerance to the insecticides in 11 pest insects and natural enemies was mainly associated with the tolerance to PB. PB showed the highest synergism on methamidophos, fenvalerate, fipronil and avermectin in nine species of pest insects and natural enemies. In general, TPP and DEM showed significant synergisms to these four insecticides in four parasitoid species. However, in contrast to their effects on the parasitoids, the synergistic effects of TPP and DEM on the four insecticides by TPP and DEM against four pest insects and one ladybird varied depending on the insect species and enzyme inhibitor. Activity of AChE, CarE or GST could be strongly inhibited, in vivo, by PB, TPP or DEM, depending on the insect species and enzyme inhibitors. From the results obtained in this study, mixed-function oxidase (MFO) was thought to play the most critical role in insect tolerances to the tested insecticides in the field. Low competition existed in the evolution of insecticide resistance in the field populations of parasitoids, as compared with herbivorous pest insects and ladybirds. Possible causes of the high synergistic effects of PB on the four classes of insecticides, based on multiattack on the activity of CarE, GST or AChE in the insect species, are also discussed. 相似文献
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室内毒力测定表明,12%虫螨腈&;#8226;甲维盐悬浮剂对菜粉蝶、小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾有很高的毒力,LC50分别为0.024、0.92、5.08、6.06 mg/L,对甘蓝蚜毒力较差,LC50为95.54 mg/L,田间试验结果显示,12%虫螨腈&;#8226;甲维盐悬浮剂有效成分18.0 g/hm2对菜粉蝶、小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾具有优异防效,药后3 d防效在80%以上,药后9 d仍在90%左右,持效期10～15 d。 相似文献
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Many insects, especially nocturnal insects, exhibit positive phototaxis to artificial lights. Light traps are currently used to monitor and manage insect pest populations, and play a crucial role in physical pest control. Efficient use of light traps to attract target insect pests is an important topic in the application of integrated pest management (IPM). Phototactic responses of insects vary among species, light characteristics and the physiological status of the insects. In addition, light can cause several biological responses, including biochemical, physiological, molecular and fitness changes in insects. In this review, we discuss several hypotheses on insect phototaxis, factors affecting insect phototaxis, insect‐sensitive wavelengths, biological responses of insects to light, and countermeasures for conserving beneficial insects and increasing the effect of trapping. In addition, we provide information on the different sensitivities to wavelengths causing positive phototactic behavior in > 70 insect pest and beneficial insect species. The use of advanced light traps equipped with superior light sources, such as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), will make physical pest control in IPM more efficient. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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稻田中性昆虫多样性及其生态功能分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
以广东省四会市大沙镇水稻害虫综合防治稻作区为试验基地 ,用吸虫器法采样 ,对稻田节肢动物群落中的中性昆虫、捕食性天敌、寄生性天敌与害虫进行了系统调查。在整个稻田节肢动物群落中 ,稻田中性昆虫物种丰富度的比例 ,在早稻和晚稻分别为 1 6 .98%和 6 .82 % ;而其数量比例为 :早稻 73.6 1 %、晚稻 37.94 %。稻田中捕食性天敌亚群落的发生与重建比水稻害虫亚群落发展快 ,前者在水稻生长发育前期主要依赖于稻田中的中性昆虫重建其亚群落 相似文献
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广西忻城县山银花病虫害及其天敌昆虫种类调查 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确广西忻城县山银花病虫害及其天敌昆虫种类,为当地山银花病虫害防治和天敌的保护利用提供参考,2008年-2010年系统调查了广西忻城县山银花病虫及主要病虫天敌发生情况,并进行了种类鉴定.结果表明,广西忻城县山银花害虫有35种,病害11种,天敌昆虫28种,其中主要害虫的捕食性天敌有24种,寄生性天敌2种,取食白粉菌的瓢虫有2种.此外,本文还综述了广西忻城县山银花主要病虫害‘三虫一病’的特征、发生规律及防治方法. 相似文献
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Nancy Schellhorn Gitta Siekmann Catherine Paull Geoff Furness Greg Baker 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):153-159
Dyes and dusts have been used to mark insects internally and externally for decades, the majority of examples coming from laboratory-reared pest species used in mark-release-recapture studies. Using dyes or dusts to mark populations of pests and beneficial insects simultaneously in the field has received less attention. We evaluated a water-soluble fluorescent dye and a resin-based fluorescent pigment sprayed on crops to mark beneficial and pest insects, and monitored the dispersal of marked insects. Our results show that resin-based dyes provide an effective mark on several species of insects among several orders. The resin-based dye is also relatively inexpensive, non-toxic, UV-stable and water resistant, unlike a water-soluble dye. Using the resin-based dye in a broccoli production system, we were able to monitor simultaneously the movement of field populations of the parasitoids, Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Apanteles ippeus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the adult stage of the host, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Resin-based dye applied on a crop is an effective way to mark and monitor the dispersal of populations of beneficial and pest insects in relation to agricultural practices, integrated pest management and conservation biological control. 相似文献
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为进一步开展欧洲输华粮谷中有害生物风险分析,该文整理和统计2003—2017年我国自欧洲输华粮谷中截获的有害生物数据,并采用SPSS 20软件分别对所截获的主要杂草和昆虫进行了聚类分析、相关分析和主成分分析,确定其截获次数的主控因子。结果显示,我国自欧洲输华粮谷中截获的主要有害生物为杂草,截获记录数为7 905次,占总截获记录的79.99%;我国自欧洲输华大麦中截获的有害生物次数均最多,截获次数为57 843次,占总截获次数的51.39%;我国自乌克兰输华粮谷中截获的杂草和昆虫次数最多,分别为39 026次和678次;我国自欧洲输华粮谷中截获的杂草和昆虫分别为479种和61种;自乌克兰和大麦中截获的杂草和昆虫的Shannon-Weiner指数均相对较高;我国自欧洲输华大麦和玉米中截获的杂草和昆虫分别单独聚为一类,我国自乌克兰和法国输华粮谷中截获的杂草和昆虫分别单独聚为一类;欧洲输华粮谷贸易额是有害生物杂草和昆虫截获次数的主控因子。建议我国进一步做好有害生物截获数据收集工作,加强欧洲输华粮谷中有害生物风险分析,根据风险对不同国家和粮谷采取相应的检疫措施。 相似文献
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The buff coconut mealybug, Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera), was recorded on tender feeder roots of coconut seedlings at Kayamkulam, Kerala, India. N. nipae was not located on any other arboreal parts of palm including foliage. This is a new distributional record of the pest in Kerala, South India. The concealed nature of the pest on underground feeder roots of coconut seedlings warrants thorough examination at the seedling distribution point of coconut seedlings in order to prevent the spread of this pest to other free zones of the country. Re-emergence of the pest is reported in India after a time gap of 100?years. 相似文献