共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the subgingival aerobic and anaerobic flora of 13 dogs with periodontal disease and the susceptibility of these bacteria to antibiotics currently approved in Italy for treatment of canine infections. Of the anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis was most frequently isolated, followed by Peptostreptococcus + Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Of the aerobic bacteria, alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus was most frequently isolated, often associated with Escherichia coli or Pasteurella multocida. Resistance of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria to various antibiotics was generally high. Anaerobic bacteria appeared to be susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, doxycycline, and erythromycin; aerobic bacteria appeared to be susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamycin, and sulfa-trimethoprim. Bacteroides fragilis was resistant to all of the antibiotics tested. The emerging worldwide problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics resulting from overuse and misuse of antibiotics is discussed. 相似文献
2.
G Glünder 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1989,36(3):217-225
The flora of the large intestine of 92 grey herons was examined for the frequency of aerobic and microaerobic growing bacteria. Clostridium perfringens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas shigelloides and E. coli were isolated from 55%, 48%, 14% and 35% of the birds, respectively. It could be demonstrated that the findings of these bacteria in the intestinal flora are depending on the age of the birds. The percentage of carriers of Clostridium perfringens, Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides was highest in nestlings younger than 18 days, less high in older nestlings and lowest in adult grey herons. Contrary to those bacteria, E. coli was found more often in the intestinal flora at increasing age of the birds. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 6 birds. Two birds yielded positive for Yersinia enterocolitica and Campylobacter spp., respectively. Other aerobic and microaerobic bacteria play a less significant role as part of the intestinal flora. 相似文献
3.
牙周病(periodontal disease, PD)是由细菌在牙齿表面聚集形成的牙菌斑和牙结石逐渐侵蚀牙周组织,引发周围组织炎症的一类疾病。根据疾病的发展进程,可分为齿龈炎与牙周炎2个阶段。在小动物临床疾病中牙周病尤为常见,世界范围内约有80%的成年犬患有该病。由于饲主对于犬的口腔保健意识薄弱且该疾病隐秘性较高,患犬就诊时往往已出现牙周支持组织不可逆的损伤,细菌及其毒力因子通过血液循环进入全身从而引发系统性疾病的风险大大提高。但目前犬牙周病的核心致病菌属、菌群失调的原因与发病机制尚不明确。因此,笔者基于高通量测序方法的病原学研究结果,分析与疾病发展相关的微生物群。同时,整合目前世界通用的最新犬牙周病临床诊断分级标准及犬牙周病的中西医防治方案,分析犬牙周病与全身系统性疾病之间的相关性,系统综述犬牙周病在国内外小动物临床领域的研究进展,以期为该类疾病的临床诊疗提供理论参考,推进兽医师在临床实践中更高效地开展该类疾病的诊疗工作,并为犬牙周病相关的临床研究提供思路。 相似文献
4.
Duan H Chai T Müller W Zucker BA 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(1-2):40-44
Concentration of airborne endotoxins, airborne aerobic bacteria and airborne aerobic gram-negative bacteria were measured in 3 rabbit houses. Further, the species composition of the airborne gram-negative bacterial flora was investigated. The total amount of airborne endotoxin ranged from 22 to 774 EU/m3 (Endotoxin Units/m3). The number of total airborne aerobic bacteria varied between 780 and 20100 CFU/m3, the number of airborne aerobic gram-negative bacteria between 39 and 1030 CFU/m3. Most gram-negative bacterial isolates belonged to the family Enterobacteriaceae with E. coli as primary species. In two rabbit houses also airborne Pasteurella multocida spp. multocida, the most common respiratory pathogen of rabbits, was isolated. 相似文献
5.
Johnston KL Lamport A Ballèvre O Batt RM 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1999,157(1):85-89
In order to assess an endoscopic collection procedure, populations of bacteria in duodenal fluid from seven adult cats were compared in paired samples obtained by endoscopy and direct needle aspiration during laparotomy. Each sample of duodenal juice was subjected to quantitative and qualitative culture of bacteria under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. There were no significant differences in total numbers or individual species of bacteria comparing the two collection procedures. These findings indicate that collection of duodenal juice by endoscopy using the procedure described provides a representative sample of small bowel fluid for the assessment of the bacterial flora. Therefore, there appears to be no need for more invasive or complicated sampling techniques when quantitative and qualitative culture of duodenal juice is indicated as part of an investigation of small bowel disease in cats. 相似文献
6.
L Pesti 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1979,1(3):141-152
Strict anaerobic bacteria are the predominant constituents of the intestinal flora of animals and man, the commonly studied aerobic bacteria comprise only a small percentage of the total intestinal flora. Dominating anaerobes include eubacteria, Bacteroides, fusiformis, peptostreptococci, propionibacteria. The intestinal mucosal epithelia is covered with a mucous layer which is extremely rich in anaerobes. Various germfree anomalies may be selectively redressed by various species of the intestinal flora. Obligate and moderate anaerobes are the active strains in elimination of germfree characteristics, in reduction of enlarged cecum in germfree rodents. The metabolic activity of the intestinal bacteria has been discussed. 相似文献
7.
Cotton swab samples were taken from the ventral surface of the mouth and from the proximal esophagus from 23 captive nonpoisonous snakes. The samples were cultured and investigated for aerobic bacteria. Both the mouth and the esophagus) samples of 6 snakes were negative. When the bacterial isolates of the mouth and the esophagus of the whole snake population were compared, it was found that the flora isolated from both locations were similar. However, when the samples of individual snakes were compared it was found that the same isolates were seldom found in both the mouth and the esophagus. The most common bacteria found were Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes-like organisms, Gram-positive rods and Gram-positive cocci belonging to the family Micrococcaceae. Important pathogens were seldom isolated. Salmonella virchow could be found from 2 snakes. The presence of bacteriologically negative samples, great variations in the composition of the flora between individual snakes, and the occurrence of typical environmental bacteria in the oral cavity all suggest that snakes lack a specific autochtonous flora: and the bacteria isolated from the oral cavity may be occasional environmental bacteria. The source of pathogens may be the environment, too. 相似文献
8.
以淮北地区黄牛为对象，定量检测了正常繁育母牛和不孕症母牛各１０头的阴道分泌物菌群。正常繁育母牛和不孕症母牛阴道菌群的主要菌类相同。前者需氧菌分离率４０％，平均密度＜１０６／ｇ；厌氧菌分离率８０％，平均密度＞１０８／ｇ；优势菌为乳杆菌。后者需氧菌分离率８０％，平均密度＞１０７／ｇ；厌氧菌分离率５０％，平均密度＜１０６／ｇ；优势菌为表皮葡萄球菌。药物敏感性试验表明，不孕牛阴道优势菌表皮葡萄球菌对氯霉素高度敏感，对新霉素、庆大霉素、链霉素中度敏感，对青霉素等不敏感。根据上述结果，分别应用氯霉素和中药方剂对患有子宫内膜炎的不孕母牛进行了治疗试验，以子宫内膜炎症状消失并受胎为指标，氯霉素治疗的总有效（受胎）率为８８．８％（１９１／２１５），平均用药１．３次；中药方剂的总有效（受胎）率为８５．５％（６５／７６），平均用药次数１．４次。 相似文献
9.
This study was performed to determine the normal aerobic bacterial flora of the cornea and conjunctiva in Syrian hamsters. Eleven healthy adult Syrian hamsters were used. Collection of specimens was performed using sterile micro-swab applicators. Immediately after sample collection, microbiologic aerobic culture was initiated. Fourteen eyes (63%) showed bacterial growth and a total number of 19 different species were isolated which belonged to 7 bacterial genera. Gram-positive bacteria were the most prominent with 83.3% (20/24) of isolates. Results of this study could help veterinarians in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of surface ocular disease in this species. 相似文献
10.
Bacterial eggshell contamination in conventional cages, furnished cages and aviary housing systems for laying hens 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
De Reu K Grijspeerdt K Heyndrickx M Zoons J De Baere K Uyttendaele M Debevere J Herman L 《British poultry science》2005,46(2):149-155
The influence of housing system on the initial bacterial contamination of the eggshell was studied. Two long-term experiments were performed. Bacterial eggshell contamination, as expressed by total count of aerobic and Gram-negative bacteria, was periodically analysed for eggs from a conventional cage, a furnished cage with nest boxes containing artificial turf or grids as nest-floor material and an aviary housing system. Results were log-transformed prior to statistical analyses. For both experiments no systematic differences were found between the conventional cage and furnished cage. The type of nest-floor material in the nest boxes of the furnished cages also did not systematically influence the bacterial contamination. A possible seasonal influence on contamination with a decrease in the winter period (up to > 0.5 log cfu/eggshell) of total count of aerobic and Gram-negative bacteria was observed in the first experiment. The contamination with total aerobic flora was higher (more than 1.0 log) on eggs from the aviary housing system compared to the conventional and the furnished cage systems. For Gram-negative bacteria this was not the case. During the entire period of both experiments, independent of housing system, shell contamination was not influenced by age of hens or period since placing the birds in the houses. For the total count of aerobic bacteria a restricted positive correlation (r2 = 0.66) was found between the concentration of total bacteria in the air of the poultry houses and initial shell contamination. 相似文献
11.
Enteric bacteria: Friend or foe? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The normal gastrointestinal tract contains an enormous number of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria which normally enjoy a symbiotic relationship with the host but can have adverse effects with local and systemic consequences. The small intestine constitutes a zone of transition between the sparsely populated stomach and the luxuriant bacterial flora of the colon. Regulation of the intestinal flora depends on complex interactions between many factors including secretion of gastric acid, intestinal motility, biliary and pancreatic secretions, local immunity, the surface glycocalyx and mucus layer, and diet. Microbial interactions are also important, and can involve alterations in redox potential, substrate depletion and production of substances such as bacteri-ocins that inhibit bacterial growth. The beneficial effect of the normal enteric flora include the competitive exclusion of potentially pathogenic organisms, and the production of nutrients such as short-chain fatty acids (which represent an important energy source for the colonic mucosa) and vitamins. Detrimental effects of the enteric flora include competition for calories and essential nutrients, particularly by bacteria located in the small intestine, and a capacity to damage the mucosa, in some circumstances causing or contributing to inflammatory bowel disease. These problems can be accentuated by interference with the physiological regulation of intraluminal bacteria allowing overgrowth by a normal resident, or colonisation by transient pathogens. The pathophysiological consequences may involve direct damage to the intestinal mucosa, and bacterial metabolism of intraluminal constituents, for example forming deconjugated bile acids and hydroxylated fatty acids which stimulate fluid secretion. Additional problems arise if there is interference with the mucosal barrier since this can result in increased passage of bacteria and bacterial products stimulating mucosal inflammation, while bacterial translocation can result in bacteraemia and septicaeniia. Problems associated with bacterial pathogens are illustrated by the properties of the spectrum of pathogenic Escherichia coli, some of which facilitate long-term colonisation by adherence to the surface or invasion of enterocytes. 相似文献
12.
J.L. Samuel 《Veterinary microbiology》1983,8(4):373-387
Bacterial infections of the jaws are a common cause of death in macropods. Lesions and oral cavities from 50 affected animals yielded wide ranges of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The most frequent isolate from lesions (81%) was Fusobacterium necrophorum, generally combined with other bacteria, but in 5 lesions, in pure culture. It was also isolated from 61% of mouths and this was the chief difference between the oral flora of affected and normal macropods. Other groups of organisms isolated from over 50% of lesions were: Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic rods, streptococci, and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci. Actinomycetes were isolated from 29% of lesions and from one lesion in pure culture. Differences in the flora were detected between lesions in bone and soft tissue and between closed and open lesions. Antibiotics were given to 22 animals, but without significant differences in frequencies of isolation of organisms between treated and untreated groups, and with no permanent elimination of infection. It was concluded that, while different organisms might be present in the complex of “jaw disease”, the pathogenic agent in the majority of cases was F. necrophorum. Actinomycetes were capable of producing lesions in bone, but their role in “jaw disease” remains undefined. 相似文献
13.
A combination of neomycin and metronidazole was compared with oxytetracycline for its activity against the intrauterine flora of 10 cows with retained placenta. In vitro the metronidazole/neomycin combination reduced the numbers of aerobic and obligately anaerobic bacteria much more effectively than did oxytetracycline. 相似文献
14.
15.
Johnston KL Lamport AI Ballèvre OP Batt RM 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(9):1106-1112
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of oral administration of metronidazole on the number and species of duodenal bacteria and selective nutrients of cats. ANIMALS: 6 healthy domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE: Undiluted duodenal fluid was obtained for quantitative and qualitative bacterial culture to determine species and number of bacteria in healthy cats. Blood samples were assayed for taurine, total protein, albumin, cobalamin, and folate concentrations. Cats then were given metronidazole (20 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h) for 1 month, after which bacterial cultures and serum assays of nutrients were repeated. Nine months after cessation of antibiotic treatment, duodenal bacteria were re-evaluated and serum was assayed for total protein, albumin, cobalamin, and folate concentrations. RESULTS: Oral administration of metronidazole caused a significant decrease in aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts in the duodenum of healthy cats, accompanied by emergence of Streptococcus spp and Corynebacterium spp. Serum concentrations of cobalamin and albumin increased when duodenal bacterial counts were decreased, although changes in folate or taurine concentrations were not detected. Measured variables did not differ, when comparing results obtained before and 9 months after cessation of metronidazole. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Oral administration of metronidazole decreased the number of aerobic bacteria and altered indigenous flora in the small bowel of cats. Normal duodenal flora appeared to be stable, because species of bacteria were re-established by 9 months after cessation of metronidazole. Bacterial flora appeared to have an impact on nutrients, because albumin and cobalamin increased during antibiotic administration and returned to preadministration concentrations after cessation of the antimicrobial. 相似文献
16.
De Reu K Grijspeerdt K Heyndrickx M Uyttendaele M Debevere J Herman L 《British poultry science》2006,47(2):163-172
The bacterial eggshell contamination of eating eggs in different commercial housing systems; two conventional cages, one organic aviary system and one barn production, were compared. The total counts of aerobic bacteria and the total counts of Gram-negative bacteria on the shell were used to detect key points where contamination occurred and to study the progress of contamination in the egg collection and transportation chains. The key points in the chain were those where eggs accumulated on a short conveyor belt, initial shell contamination in the alternative housing systems and extra nest-boxes placed on the ground. The high bacterial load of floor eggs (>6.3 log CFU total aerobic flora/eggshell) explains why they cannot be used for eating. On average higher initial shell contamination with total counts of aerobic bacteria was found for eggs from the alternative housing systems compared to the conventional systems; respectively 5.46 compared to 5.08 log CFU/eggshell. However, initial contamination with total counts of Gram-negative bacteria on the shells was less in the alternative systems: 3.31 compared to 3.85 log CFU/shell. Initial bacterial shell contamination tended to correlate positively with the concentration of bacteria in the air of the poultry houses. Storing shell eggs, whether temporarily refrigerated or not, for 9 d or more, resulted in a decrease in bacterial eggshell contamination for both bacterial variables. 相似文献
17.
Nosocomial infections and bacterial antibiotic resistance in a university equine hospital 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A Koterba J Torchia C Silverthorne R Ramphal A M Merritt J Manucy 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,189(2):185-191
A base-line study of bacteria isolated from horses admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital during a 6-month period was performed to determine the extent of multiresistant nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacteria other than Salmonella spp. Results of this study indicated that 21.9% of the 105 horses from which cultures and sensitivities were available had developed nosocomial gram-negative aerobic infections, with high rates of resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, and trimethoprim sulfadiazine, three of the most often prescribed antibiotics in this hospital. In addition, a prospective study of antibiotic-resistant bacteria of fecal origin was performed to determine whether there was a change in the degree of antibiotic resistance of a horse's intestinal flora while the horse was hospitalized. Bacterial culturing for gram-negative lactose fermenting bacteria was done on fecal specimens collected directly from the rectum on day 1 and day 7 of a horse's hospitalization. Susceptibility testing was done on each isolant. Of the 24 paired fecal specimens obtained, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp isolated on day 7 were resistant to a significantly higher number of antibiotics than day 1 isolants (P = 0.003, P = 0.043, respectively). 相似文献
18.
Yeruham I Elad D 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(1):46-47
Necrotizing stomatitis associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum in two goats is described. Arcanobacterium pyrogenes was the dominant component of the microbial flora cultured under aerobic condition. Treatment with penicillin, at a dose of 50 000 IU/kg for 6 days was used successfully in the cure of the disease. 相似文献
19.
添加不同乳酸菌对玉米秸秆青贮有氧稳定性影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的 筛选可供玉米秸秆青贮发酵利用的复合乳酸菌系。方法 以前期研究筛选得到的同型发酵乳酸菌AS06株和异型发酵乳酸菌BS26株为试验材料,设置4种不同的乳酸菌添加处理方式,即对照处理组（CK组）、同型乳酸菌AS06株发酵处理组（LP组）、异型发酵乳酸菌BS26株处理组（LB组）、同型乳酸菌AS06株+异型发酵乳酸菌BS26株混合处理组（LBP组）,进行玉米秸秆青贮发酵试验。测定并比较各处理组玉米秸秆青贮的有氧暴露后pH值、微生物菌群、乳酸含量、有机酸含量、可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）含量,以及有氧稳定性时长。结果 添加异型发酵乳酸菌BS26株及复合乳酸菌系（异型发酵乳酸菌BS26株+同型发酵乳酸菌AS06株）的玉米秸秆,开封后青贮pH值上升缓慢,乳酸含量下降缓慢, WSC的营养损失有效减少,酵母菌和霉菌的生长得到明显抑制,青贮有氧稳定性时长分别达到208 h和147 h。结论 异型发酵乳酸菌单独或与同型发酵乳酸菌复合添加,可有效抑制玉米秸秆青贮的有氧腐败,且前者有氧稳定性效果更好。 相似文献
20.
As anaerobic sampling and culture techniques improved, the documented prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in periodontal disease has increased. The anaerobic bacteria have become more well-known in humans and consequently in dogs, since this species is a major model in periodontal studies. A review of the literature related to anaerobic flora is described. 相似文献