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1.
Kebebew Assefa Hailu Tefera Arnulf Merker Tiruneh Kefyalew Fufa Hundera 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(1):53-61
One thousand and eighty tef, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter, entries representing 36 populations collected from six central and northern regions of Ethiopia were evaluated at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center during the 1995 main season to assess the quantitative trait diversity in the germplasm with respect to collection regions and altitude zones. Hierarchical analysis of variance showed large (p 0.01) variations within populations, and among populations within regions and altitude zones in all the 14 traits studied. The variations among regions were significant (p 0.05) for number of main shoot culm nodes, and panicle branches and spikelets. But only days to maturity, number of culm nodes, diameters of the two basal culm internodes, and harvest index depicted discernible (p 0.05) clinal variability. The 36 populations clustered into six major (75% similarity level) groups consisting of two up to 15 populations. Five principal components (PCs) explained about 81% of the entire phenotypic diversity among the populations. Of these, the first three PCs accounted for about 65% of the gross variance. About 31% of the total variance explained by the first PC alone originated chiefly from variability in main shoot panicle grain yield and length, culm length and diameter of the two basal culm internodes. Likewise, about 23% the variance accounted for by the second PC was due mainly to variations in grain and shoot phytomass yield/plant, and harvest index. Overall, the study demonstrated that tef is a highly versatile crop species and the enormous wealth of quantitative trait diversity in the germplasm indicates immense potential for the genetic improvement of the crop through breeding. 相似文献
2.
进行了小麦植株穗部性状及地上各节间性状与倒伏的相关分析以及节间长度性状的多元相关分析。结果表明,株高、重心高与倒伏为极显著正相关,基部节间长度与倒伏也呈极显著正相关,但穗长与稳下节间长与倒优无相关。穗下节间的茎杆直径、髓腔直径与倒伏相关很小,基部四个节间的茎杆直径、髓腔直径与倒伏为正相关,但只有基部的穗下第五节间髓腔直径与倒伏相关达显著水平。基部四个节间长度有按比例一致变化趋势,而穗长、穗下节间长度则无此一致变化趋势。 相似文献
3.
水稻株高突变系的农艺性状与抗倒伏研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
以14个水稻日本晴株高突变体近等位系为材料,研究了株高对水稻农艺性状和抗倒伏能力的影响。结果表明:株高与穗长、节间3长、重心高度、主茎鲜重、主茎干重、千粒重、单株生产力和生物产量呈极显著正相关,与节间2长呈显著正相关;同时株高与倒伏关系密切,与倒伏指数呈极显著正相关,与弯曲力矩、秆型指数呈显著或极显著负相关。农艺性状与抗倒伏相关性显示,穗长、重心高度、基部节间长(第1、2节间)、主茎鲜重及干重、结实率、千粒重、单株生产力和生物产量等对植株的抗倒伏性影响较大。 相似文献
4.
籼稻早熟辐射突变类型和相关性状的遗传分析 总被引：3，自引：6，他引：3
本试验对50个IR_24水稻辐射早熟突变系的早熟性状进行了田间观察和相关分析,其中的某些突变系相当于迟熟早稻和早熟中稻的生态遗传型,并有一定的应用价值。早熟突变系生育期缩短与主茎节数、主茎叶片数减少,叶长、穗长变短,每穗粒数、单株产量和二次枝梗数降低,蛋白质含量增加的关系,经相关分析表明,呈显著相关,而与其他性状,如有效穗数、实粒数等无明显的相关关系。分析早熟性状的遗传参数表明,生育期、株高、每穗粒数、千粒重等有较高的广义遗传力。不实率、二次枝梗数、每穗总粒数的遗传变异系数较大,遗传进度也较高,具有显著的遗传效应。 相似文献
5.
化控剂对冬小麦茎秆抗倒性能、植株整齐度及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2008/2009、2009/2010年度两个冬小麦生长季分别在田间设置3个化控处理试验,于冬小麦起身期（3月1日前后）进行喷雾处理,处理1喷多效唑（PP333,15%粉剂）、处理2喷矮壮素（CCC,50%水剂）,用量分别为600g·hm-2和1000mL·hm-2,处理3将多效唑和矮壮素浓度减半并复配后进行喷施（P+C）,以喷清水为对照（CK）,于乳熟期对不同处理小麦的株高、重心高度、基部第二节间长度、直径、厚度、充实度和机械强度及小麦基部第二节间的木质素含量、纤维素含量、含氮量和碳氮比（C/N）进行观测,于成熟期调查各小区实际倒伏面积,计算抗倒指数和倒伏率,通过考种分析小麦产量和植株整齐度的关系。结果表明：在控制株高、基部第2节间长度和重心高度以及增加基部第2节间直径、厚度、充实度和机械强度方面,P+C处理最优,其次为PP333和CCC处理。在反映基部第2节间抗倒性能的生化指标如纤维素含量、木质素含量、C/N和含氮量指标方面,也以P+C最优,PP333次之,CCC较差。在抗倒伏方面,P+C处理的抗倒指数最高,田间未出现倒伏现象,其次为PP333处理,田间亦未出现倒伏,CCC抗倒指数最低,2008/2009和2009/2010年度两个小麦生长季田间倒伏率分别达到11.3%和6.7%。在大田长势均匀度方面,P+C处理的作用最强,显著高于CK,其次为PP333,CCC略差。在产量方面看,也表现出同样的规律,而且各处理小麦株高、穗长、每穗小穗数、穗重整齐度与产量间均呈极显著正相关关系。说明多效唑与矮壮素配合施用处理可显著提高大田小麦的长势均匀度并进而提高产量。 相似文献
6.
为进一步探究氮肥管理对直播杂交水稻茎秆倒伏的影响,在前期研究初步明确直播杂交水稻最适播种量和氮肥运筹方式的基础上,以四川主推杂交稻F优498和新选育杂交稻德优4923为试验材料开展2个大田试验,分别为设5个施氮水平(90、120、150、180和210 kg·hm-2,基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥比均为3∶3∶4);在150 kg·hm-2施氮水平下设4种氮肥运筹方式(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥比分别为10∶0∶0、4∶4∶2、3∶3∶4 和2∶2∶6),研究不同施氮水平和氮肥运筹方式对直播杂交水稻茎秆形态学、力学指标及茎秆化学成分组成的影响及其与抗倒伏能力的关系。结果表明,施氮水平的提高或氮素穗肥比例的增加均会降低直播杂交水稻茎秆折断弯矩、断面系数、弯曲应力、第4节间直径和茎秆碳水化合物含量和钾含量,且施氮水平的增加还伴随茎秆各节间伸长、株高和重心高度增加,倒伏指数增加,倒伏风险增大。直播杂交水稻F优498和德优4923均在施氮水平150 kg·hm-2,氮肥运筹方式分别在基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥比为 3∶3∶4 和4∶4∶2条件下获得较理想产量,同时也具备较高的抗倒伏能力。水稻茎秆折断弯矩、外径长轴长、纤维素和氮含量等指标在直播杂交水稻抗倒伏能力中起着重要作用。本研究结果为完善直播杂交水稻技术中合理的氮肥管理提供了理论基础。 相似文献
7.
为了验证水稻合理密植的黄金分割法在长江中下游双季稻区和华南双季稻区的适用性,在湖南长沙和广东怀集以生产上大面积种植且具有代表性的双季稻品种为材料,运用黄金分割法分割秆高(50、65、80、95、110 cm)得到5种预设黄金密度(67.9、40.1、26.5、18.8、14.0穴·m-2),研究不同密度下株高和秆高的变化,实际黄金密度下齐穗期部分冠层特性、干物质积累、产量及其构成。结果表明,在不同密度下,长沙水稻的株高和秆高,怀集早稻玉香油占的秆高及晚稻Y两优1号的株高和秆高变化不显著,而早稻Y两优1号株高和秆高变化显著,其余品种无一致的规律。在实际黄金密度下,长沙各品种有效和高效叶面积指数及其冠层光辐射截获率最高,或者低于最高密度处理,但冠层光辐射截获率与最高密度处理无显著差异;长沙和怀集各品种齐穗期和成熟期的干物质积累及其产量在实际黄金密度下最高,或者低于最高值,但产量与最高值差异不显著。长沙双季稻和怀集晚稻的矮秆品种(49.4~74.5 cm),其产量的主要贡献来源于有效穗数,而怀集早稻的高秆品种(80.4~84.6 cm),其产量的主要贡献来源于有效穗数和每穗粒数。本研究结果为合理、简便、精确确定水稻适宜的种植密度(即合理密植)提供了理论和实践依据。 相似文献
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9.
水稻糙米砷含量及其与土壤砷含量的关系 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
筛选低砷含量水稻品种或减少水稻对种植土壤中砷的吸收是控制稻米砷含量最直接有效的办法。本研究采用ICP-MS法测定21份水稻品种在3个试验点的糙米砷含量,结果表明:在3个土壤砷含量由低至高的试验点中,21份水稻品种糙米砷含量平均值也呈现出由低到高的趋势。分析水稻砷含量对不同种植环境的反应,多数品种对不同试验点环境表现的敏感性不一致,但有4个品种表现稳定,如明恢70都表现为迟钝型;明恢86表现为敏感型;明恢72和明恢81为中间型。分析浙优12号在15个栽培点中土壤砷含量、穗茎节砷含量、糙米砷含量的相关性表明,砷含量高低依次为土壤糙米穗茎节,土壤砷含量与糙米砷含量的相关性不显著;土壤砷含量与穗茎节砷含量存在不显著负相关;穗茎节砷含量与糙米砷含量之间呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
10.
The mechanical properties of cereal crops as related to lodging, breaking strength, rigidity, elasticity, buckling load etc. have been studied by various workers (1～8). These properties were analyzed based on the theory of elastic body conforming to Hook's law. In the previous paper (9) the authors pointed out chat in the process of deformation of paddy culm, starting from slightest bending up to the point of break of the culm, two properties were observed, namely, elasticity and viscoelasticity. These properties can be clearly defined and investigated by the analysis of bending moment-curvature diagram (9) of stem. This paper deals with this diagram in relation to differences in varieties and fertilizer treatments. 相似文献
11.
为探讨超级稻品种的茎秆结构特征及其与抗倒伏性和产量因子的关系,以期为选育抗倒伏的水稻品种及高产栽培提供参考依据,选用福建省育成的经农业部认定的4个超级稻品种("Ⅱ优明86"、"Ⅱ优航1号"、"特优航1号"和"Ⅱ优航2号")及对照品种"汕优63"为材料,按常规方法进行田间试验,在成熟期每品种各选取有代表性的20个茎蘖,测定基部伸长节间的抗折力、各节间至穗顶的长度及鲜重、节间长度、粗度和秆壁厚度,并进行室内考种。结果表明,除"Ⅱ优明86"的倒1节间极显著短于对照外,超级稻品种各节间多数不同程度比对照长;各节间粗度多数与对照差异不明显;在节间壁厚方面,除"Ⅱ优明86"倒1节间极显著厚于对照外,其他多数低于对照;超级稻品种各节间的倒伏指数均大于对照,且多数达极显著水平,但倒伏指数均小于200,表明均具有较强的抗倒能力;茎秆基部3个伸长节间的抗折力与相应节间壁厚呈极显著正相关,各节间的倒伏指数与相应节间壁厚呈显著或极显著负相关,而与株高、节间长、节间粗度关系不显著,显示供试品种的抗倒伏性能主要取决于节间秆壁的厚度;穗长与节间壁厚呈显著正相关,增加基部伸长节间壁厚有利于孕育大穗。在超级稻品种培育过程中,可寻找植株矮化以外的抗倒因素,培育茎秆壁厚实的品种,以增强品种的抗倒伏能力。 相似文献
12.
Amita B. Juliano Ma. Elizabeth B. Naredo M.T. Jackson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(3):197-203
This study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic status of the New World diploid wild rice species, Oryza glumaepatula. The morphological variation of 26 diploid rice accessions in the International Rice Genebank at IRRI from South America and Cuba was compared with that of O. rufipogon and O. nivara from Asia. The 28 morphological characters included 16 spikelet and grain, eight leaf and culm, and four panicle characters, and were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. The first two principal components accounted for 53.6% of the total variation. The first component was characterized by leaf and sterile lemma characters, 5-panicle dry weight, and grain length, and the second by anther length and its ratio to grain length, grain width, thickness, and 20-hulled grain weight. The characters effectively differentiated the wild rices from Surinam, French Guiana, and the lower Amazon River basin in Brazil, which showed high negative scores along both axes, from other accessions from Venezuela, Colombia, and Cuba, and the Asian species. Most of the accessions from South America are quite distinct from O. rufipogon, with which they have often been grouped as a single species in some taxonomic treatments. Groupings obtained from cluster analysis corresponded closely with the results from PCA. This study supports a distinct taxonomic status of a group of diploid wild rices from South America as O. glumaepatula. 相似文献
13.
机械化种植方式对不同品种水稻株型及抗倒伏能力的影响 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
为探明机械化种植方式对不同品种水稻株型及抗倒伏能力的影响,试验选用籼粳交水稻(甬优2640和甬优1640)、常规粳稻(南粳9108和武运粳27)和杂交籼稻(新两优6380和II优084)共6个水稻品种为材料,系统研究高产栽培模式下钵苗机插、毯苗机插和机械直播方式对水稻叶形、叶姿、穗型、秆型及植株抗倒性能的影响,初步研明不同机械化种植方式下水稻株型特征与抗倒伏能力及差异。结果表明,钵苗机插水稻产量最高,毯苗机插水稻产量其次,机械直播水稻产量最低,差异显著(P0.05)。与毯苗机插和机械直播相比,钵苗机插使水稻上三叶叶长增长,比叶重增大,叶基角和披垂度减小,使水稻群体高效叶叶面积增加,剑叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率协同增加,穗型变大,粒叶比提高,并且使水稻株高增高,秆长增长,穗下节间增长(P0.05)。水稻基部1~3节间于钵苗机插方式下,较毯苗机插和机械直播,长度缩短、茎秆变粗、茎壁增厚、节间干质量增加、充实度变好、抗折力和弯曲力矩增大、倒伏指数降低(P0.05)。因此,长江下游稻麦两熟地区,钵苗机插能改善水稻株型,优化水稻群体结构,提升水稻抗倒性能,是实现水稻丰产、高产且低倒伏风险的较优机械化种植方式。 相似文献
14.
Field plot experiments were established for studying the influence of growth regulators MLU 208, MLU 2081 [various mixtures of 2,3‐dichloroisobutyric acid (DCiB) with chlormequat chloride (CCC)] and CCC on length of shoot axis, susceptibility to lodging and grain yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) and oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.). Apart from this, oat grains were analysed for residues of both agents. With the lodging‐resistant oat varieties ‘Alfred‘ and ‘Solidor‘, MLU 208 and MLU 208L caused stem reductions of 10% and yield increases up to 6.5% despite the fact that the untreated controls showed hardly any lodging. CCC, applied as comparative treatments, had no yield‐increasing effect although a stem reduction of approx. 8% was recorded. Tests with ‘Samantra‘, a variety of poor culm stability, gave culm reductions of 10%, prevented lodging and increased grain yields by 7—9.5%. Applying preparation MLU 2081 to winter oil seed rape prior to flowering shortened the stem by 8—11% and contributed to a grain yield increase of about 5—8%. In case of early (EC 31/32) and also late (EC 45) application of the preparations MLU 208 and MLU 208L detectable DCiB‐residues of about 0.1 mg·kg−1 were measured consistently. CCC residues increased with increasing dosage to 0.36 mg·kg−1, in case of later application up to 0.43 mg·kg−1. Less CCC residues were recorded in times of high precipitation or intensive irrigation. The permitted maximum concentration of 5 mg·kg−1 CCC residues in the grain were reached in no case. 相似文献
15.
小麦根蘖发育和产量对耕作和追氮方式以及施氮量的响应 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
16.
Studies on tillering of the rice plant show that a tiller primordium is always present at each node of the culm (10). Whether the primordllun develops into a tiller depends on such factors as the nutritional status of the plant, the supply of carbohydrates, and the light and temperature conditions (2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,17). 相似文献
17.
水稻rbcs基因启动子的克隆及结构功能分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
利用PCR法克隆了水稻日本晴来源的核酮糖-1、5-二磷酸羧化酶小亚基基因（rbcS）5’上游调控区，命名为Posrbcs。将Posrbcs与gus基因融合，并通过农杆菌介导转入水稻中。对转基因水稻植株中GUS活性进行定性与定量分析，结果表明，Posrbcs启动子可驱动gus基因在转基因水稻植株的叶片、叶鞘、茎杆及颖壳中特异性表达，在胚乳中不表达。然后构建不同长度片断的Posrbcs的5’端缺失体，分别与gus构建融合基因，转入水稻中。对转基因植株GUS活性定量分析结果显示， Posrbcs片段愈短，GUS活性愈低；进一步的光诱导试验结果显示，光能明显提高gus基因表达活性，并且随着Posrbcs片段缩短，Posrbcs中的I box、GT1结合位点、GATA box、T box 等光诱导相关元件的缺失会造成在不同时间段的光诱导活性降低以及光诱导表达时间后移。凝胶阻滞试验证实Posrbcs序列中的这些光诱导相关元件有相应的核蛋白的结合。 相似文献
18.
通过毛竹林不同施肥方式对立竹质量、竹林产量以及竹蔸的影响实验,结果表明;伐桩施肥与沟施、撒施相比肥料损失少,输送迅速,并能加速竹蔸腐烂,具有显著的生长效应,是培育丰产毛竹林一种较好的施肥方式. 相似文献
19.
Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population and the majority of the global rice is produced from a lowland ecosystem. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to study lowland rice (cv. ‘BRSGO Guara’) growth, development, and nutrient uptake patterns during growth cycle. Growth observations and plant analysis were performed at initiation of tillering (IT), active tillering (AT), panicle initiation (PI), booting (B), flowering (F) and physiological maturity (PM). Plant height, number of leaves per culm, number of tillers per plant and maximum root length and root dry weight increased in a quadratic fashion with increasing plant age. Similarly, shoot dry weight increased linearly during growth cycle of the cultivar ‘BRSGO Guara’. Concentration and accumulation of most of the macronutrients and micronutrients responded with a quadratic trend with the advancement of plant age. Plant growth parameters were significantly associated with shoot dry weight plus grain yield. Similarly, nutrient accumulation had a significant correlation with shoot dry weight plus grain yield, which indicated the importance of these nutrients in the lowland rice production. 相似文献
20.
J.M. Scervino I. Sampedro M.A. Ponce M.A. Rodriguez J.A. Ocampo A. Godeas 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(9):2474
Exudates of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a yeast commonly found in the rhizosphere, increased hyphal length of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Gigaspora rosea and Gigaspora margarita. Rhodotorulic acid (RA), a siderophore compound obtained from R. mucilaginosa exudates, increased hyphal length and branching. Thus, the increase in the number of entry points and the higher AM root colonization of tomato plants in the presence of RA can at least partially be explained by the positive effect of RA on the pre-symbiotic stages of the AM fungi. 相似文献