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1.
Glu-B1位点亚基色谱鉴定及7OE对面团强度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准确鉴定高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)及探讨其对面团特性的影响是小麦品质研究的重要内容。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)对62份品种(系)的HMW-GS组成进行鉴定。结果表明,结合SDS-PAGE和RP-HPLC两种方法可以对Glu-B1位点,尤其是Glu-B1(7 8)进行有效鉴定。选用13份姊妹系为材料,使用RP-HPLC和凝胶色谱(SE-HPLC)方法,研究了Glu-B1al(7OE 8*)以及贮藏蛋白组分含量对面团强度的影响。结果表明,Glu-B1al(7OE 8*)可显著提高HWM-GS总量和面团强度,7OE可作为优质亚基用于强筋小麦育种。相关性分析表明,谷蛋白总量、HWM-GS、LMW-GS以及x-HMW含量与最大抗阻力呈1%显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.76、0.76、0.77和0.72。SDS-不溶性谷蛋白大聚体(UPP)占谷蛋白聚合体总量的百分比与揉面仪峰值时间、粉质仪形成时间和稳定时间以及最大抗阻呈1%或0.1%显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.77、0.90、0.89和0.87。醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量的比值与揉面仪峰值时间呈1%显著负相关,相关系数为-0.69;与粉质仪稳定时间和最大抗阻呈5%显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.58和-0.64。HPLC可有效分离和量化HWM-GS,并作为小麦品质育种有效的辅助手段。 相似文献
2.
选用北方冬麦区近年来育成的优质强筋品种及山东省主栽品种共42份, 采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)和凝胶色谱法(SE-HPLC)对小麦贮藏蛋白组分进行量化, 分析了不同高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成对其表达量、面团流变学特性和面包加工品质的影响。结果表明, Glu-D1位点对谷蛋白亚基含量和加工品质的加性效应最大, 达5%显著水平, 贡献率为28.5%~71.3%。在Glu-A1和Glu-D1位点, 单个亚基对谷蛋白亚基含量和加工品质的贡献分别为1>2*>N和5+10>2+12>4+12, 而在Glu-B1位点, 则表现为差异不显著。不同亚基组合的HMW–GS表达量差异达5%显著水平, 相同亚基组合的品种间贮藏蛋白组分表达量的变异较大, 亚基表达量的差异可能是导致品种间品质差异的重要原因。1B/1R易位显著降低LMW-GS、谷蛋白总量和%UPP, 导致加工品质变劣。选择具有优质亚基组合, 且谷蛋白亚基表达量高的类型, 是有效改良面筋强度, 进一步提高优质新品种选育的有效途径。 相似文献
3.
以拟南芥AtNHX1 cDNA 片段作为探针，筛查水稻盐胁迫植株叶片cDNA 文库，获得与AtNHX1同源的水稻新型液泡Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因（OsANT1）。序列分析表明，OsANT1 全长cDNA为2 178 bp，包括一个长度为1 608 bp的完整开放阅读框，编码535个氨基酸残基。在DNA水平上，OsANT1基因含有15个外显子和14个内含子，长度为4 835 bp。OsANT1含有12个跨膜域，系统进化树分析结果表明，与来自拟南芥、水稻、小麦、玉米、大麦、马蔺和芦苇等的Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白高度同源。盐胁迫条件下，OsANT1的表达具有盐分诱导特征，且随着胁迫的增大而增加。表明该基因可能在水稻抵御盐分胁迫的过程中具有一定作用。 相似文献
4.
小麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量及其加工品质的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法,对12个小麦品种籽粒的清蛋白＋球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白,高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)、低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)进行了分离量化,并根据谷蛋白含量、贮藏蛋白含量及面团稳定时间3个指标对其聚类分析。结果表明,不同小麦品种蛋白质各组分含量存在差异,其中贮藏蛋白的含量是决定蛋白质总含量的主要因素。HMW-GS含量、LMW-GS含量、谷蛋白总含量均与面团形成时间、稳定时间及沉降值呈极显著正相关;HMW-GS含量与LMW-GS含量的比值(HMW/LMW)与面团形成时间和稳定时间呈极显著正相关;醇溶蛋白含量与谷蛋白含量的比值(Gli/Glu)与面团稳定时间呈显著负相关,醇溶蛋白含量与HMW-GS含量的比值(Gli/HMW-GS)与面团形成时间和稳定时间均呈极显著负相关。籽粒中具有较高的贮藏蛋白含量、HMW-GS含量、LMW-GS含量和HMW/LMW及较低的Gli/Glu有利于提高强筋小麦的加工品质。 相似文献
5.
小麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量及其加工品质的关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法,对12个小麦品种籽粒的清蛋白＋球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白,高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)、低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)进行了分离量化,并根据谷蛋白含量、贮藏蛋白含量及面团稳定时间3个指标对其聚类分析。结果表明,不同小麦品种蛋白质各组分含量存在差异,其中贮藏蛋白的含量是决定蛋白质总含量的主要因素。HMW-GS含量、LMW-GS含量、谷蛋白总含量均与面团形成时间、稳定时间及沉降值呈极显著正相关;HMW-GS含量与LMW-GS含量的比值(HMW/LMW)与面团形成时间和稳定时间呈极显著正相关;醇溶蛋白含量与谷蛋白含量的比值(Gli/Glu)与面团稳定时间呈显著负相关,醇溶蛋白含量与HMW-GS含量的比值(Gli/HMW-GS)与面团形成时间和稳定时间均呈极显著负相关。籽粒中具有较高的贮藏蛋白含量、HMW-GS含量、LMW-GS含量和HMW/LMW及较低的Gli/Glu有利于提高强筋小麦的加工品质。 相似文献
6.
以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为材料, 利用反转录PCR方法分离了NHX1全长cDNA(命名为MsNHX1)。Southern杂交结果表明, 在紫花苜蓿中存在一个小的液泡型Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因家族。序列分析表明, 该基因所编码的蛋白与拟南芥、水稻和棉花中液泡型Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白具有较高的同源性。在洋葱表皮细胞中瞬时表达MsNHX1-GFP融合基因的结果表明, MsNHX1定位在液泡膜上。Northern杂交发现该基因的表达受高浓度NaCl诱导。MsNHX1在盐敏感酵母突变体中表达可以提高转化子对NaCl的耐受性, 说明MsNHX1具有转运Na+的功能。在拟南芥中表达MsNHX1能显著提高植株耐受盐胁迫的能力; 而且在受到盐胁迫时, 转基因植株比野生型的渗透调节能力更强, 生物膜受破坏程度降低, 光合能力增强。以上研究结果表明MsNHX1是一个液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白, 在植物耐受盐胁迫过程中起重要作用。 相似文献
7.
济麦20面团流变学特性和面包加工品质稳定性及与蛋白质组分的关系分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以优质强筋小麦新品种济麦20在2005—2006年度山东省及天津24个地点的样品为材料,分析了磨粉品质、面团流变学特性和面包品质,并用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）和凝胶色谱法（SE-HPLC）对其贮藏蛋白组分进行了量化。结果表明,济麦20的多数品质指标较稳定,面包品质较好,体积较大,仅籽粒硬度、形成时间、稳定时间和面包颈高的变异系数较大。容重、蛋白质含量和籽粒硬度是影响面团流变学特性和面包加工品质变异的重要因素,籽粒硬度与拉伸面积和最大抗延阻力的相关系数分别为0.53（P<0.01）和0.47（P<0.05）,籽粒蛋白质含量与吸水率、形成时间和延伸性的相关系数分别为0.46（P<0.05）、0.71（P<0.001）和0.77（P<0.001）。容重和籽粒硬度与面包总分极显著和显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.62（P<0.01）和0.50（P<0.05）;籽粒蛋白质含量与面包体积极显著正相关（r=0.55,P<0.01）。贮藏蛋白组分含量显著影响面团流变学特性,谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、SDS可溶性谷蛋白聚合体、HMW-GS以及LMW-GS含量与面团形成时间和延伸性极显著正相关（r=0.55~0.79,P<0.01或P<0.001）,高分子量与低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量比例（HMW/LMW）与面团延伸性呈显著正相关（r=0.46,P<0.05）。HMW-GS含量和HMW/LMW与面包体积均极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.66和0.64（P<0.001）,SDS不溶性谷蛋白聚合体百分含量与面包结构和总分极显著和显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.53（P<0.01）和0.48（P<0.05）。上述信息对理解和改良小麦品质的稳定性有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
构建重组表达质粒pBI12135-GZ+AtNHX1（带有CaMV 35S启动子），通过农杆菌将其携带的液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因（AtNHX）转化马铃薯栽培品种“甘农薯2号”试管薯薄片和“克新2号”茎段。经根癌农杆菌侵染和共培养后，用50 mg L-1卡那霉素 +300 mg L-1头孢霉素筛选抗性芽，试管薯薄片获得30株抗性植株，抗性植株再生率为37%；茎段未获得抗性植株。抗性植株的总DNA用AtNHX1基因的特异性引物进行PCR检测，结果27株为阳性，占90%。Southern杂交结果证实，外源基因多以双拷贝整合到马铃薯的基因组中。Northern杂交结果表明，转基因植株可以进行AtNHX1基因mRNA的正常转录，但植株间存在着转录量的差异。该研究为耐盐马铃薯的培育奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
9.
利用揉面特性鉴定小麦1BL/1RS易位系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
1BL/1RS易位系曾广泛用于小麦农艺性状改良,但对加工品质有明显的负面影响。利用404份F5至F8高代品系(试验I)和175份山东省主栽品种及高代品系(试验II),研究1BL/1RS易位对小麦揉面参数的影响,分析不同高低分子量蛋白亚基(HWM/LWM-GS)背景下1BL/1RS的揉面特性,探讨利用揉面特性鉴定1BL/1RS易位系的方法。结果表明,1BL/1RS易位系的揉面时间、峰值带宽及峰后1 min带宽显著低于非1BL/1RS易位系,而衰落角和带宽比(峰值带宽/峰后1 min带宽)显著高于非1BL/1RS易位系,说明1BL/1RS易位导致小麦的揉面特性显著变劣。易位系的揉面谱带的主要特征为峰后1 min谱带急剧衰落并变窄,带宽比显著增大,而非1BL/1RS易位系的峰后谱带衰落、变窄平缓或者稳定时间较长,带宽比较小。带宽比1.6可作为判断易位系的有效指标,即大于或等于1.6为1BL/1RS易位系,小于1.6为非1BL/1RS易位系,准确率达85.2%(试验I)和96.8%(试验II)。尽管优质HWM-GS背景对Glu-B3j(1BL/1RS易位系)的揉面特性有一定正向补偿作用,但品质特性仍显著劣于其他Glu-B3位点,带宽比表现尤为突出。因此,揉面特性不仅能测定育种材料的面团流变学特性,而且还能有效鉴别1BL/1RS易位系。 相似文献
10.
强筋小麦分子标记多重PCR体系的构建与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
面筋强度与小麦高低分子量谷蛋白亚基种类(组合)密切相关。以12个已知亚基基因组成的品种为对照,选用基因(位点)Axnull、Bx7OE、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3i和Glu-B3的标记,构建多重PCR体系。以该体系检测对照的结果与已知基因型完全一致,一次PCR可同时间接检测7个与强筋有关基因(位点)Ax1/Ax2*、Bx7OE、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3i和Glu-B3。对62个陕西小麦品种的检测结果表明,优质强筋亚基基因(位点)Ax1/Ax2*、Dx5、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3i和Glu-B3的比例依次为56.5%、9.6%、33.9%、1.6%和64.4%,所有品种均不含Bx7OE,携带0、1、2和3个及以上基因(位点)的品种分别占6.5%、33.9%、48.3%和11.3%。说明聚合多个强筋亚基基因(位点)的品种频率较低,通过优质亚基基因的聚合育种,可望改善陕西小麦品种的面筋品质。本研究所构建的强筋小麦分子标记检测的多重PCR体系检测结果稳定且可靠,可用于小麦种质资源的快速评价和强筋小麦分子辅助选育。 相似文献
11.
花粉不育是籼粳杂种F1优势利用的主要障碍之一。包括Sa、Sb和Sc等至少6个基因座位内的等位基因互作会引起花粉不育,这些座位上的中性等位基因可以克服不育性。所以,发掘和利用中性等位基因具有重要意义。本文用携带S5n的水稻种质,分别与台中65及其携带花粉不育基因的一套近等基因系杂交,组配具有单个座位互作和多个座位同时互作的杂种F1,首先通过观察杂种F1的花粉育性并比较相应杂种F1育性的差异,初步判断是否具有中性等位基因,然后,采用与Sa、Sb和Sc座位紧密连锁的分子标记对F2植株基因型的分离进行检测,并分析其分离比例的符合度,确定存在中性等位基因的真实性。结果发现在所鉴定的6份材料中有2份(灰背子和Madhukar)同时携带San和Sbn,3份(饭毫皮、秕五升和粤泰B)携带Sbn,1份(Jackson)携带Scn。这些材料同时携带可克服杂种F1胚囊不育和花粉不育的基因,是克服籼粳杂种F1不育性的重要基因来源。 相似文献
12.
The role of leaves, stem and reproductive parts in 14 CO2 fixation and subsequent photosynthate translocation was studied in Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.) at three growth stages. The data indicated that leaves, stem and pods are important sources of photosynthates for seed filling. At bud emergence stage leaves are the principle site of 14 CO2 , fixation. The contribution of leaves declines at subsequent stages, where as the contribution of pod walls increased from bud emergence stage to ripening stage. The contribution of the stem remains more or less constant at all three growth stages studied. Although stem can fix 14 CO2 , at bud emergence and flowering stages it imported 14 C-photosynthates from leaves. However, stem exported photosynthates during subsequent growth stages. 相似文献
13.
Two genic male sterile (GMS) lines, Lang-A conditioned by ms 15 and Zhongkang-A conditioned by ms 5 ms 6 duplicate recessive genes in Gossypium hirsutum L., were chosen to map GMS genes. These two lines were crossed with Gossypium barbadense cv. 'Hai7124' to produce segregating populations. The ms 15 gene was mapped on chromosome 12, and was flanked by two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, NAU2176 and NAU1278, with a genetic distance of 0.8 and 1.9 cM respectively. The ms 5 and ms 6 genes were mapped to one pair of homoeologous chromosomes, ms 5 on chromosome 12 flanked by three SSR markers, NAU3561, NAU2176 and NAU2096, with genetic distances of 1.4, 1.8 and 1.8 cM, respectively, and ms 6 on chromosome 26 flanked by two SSR markers, BNL1227 and NAU460, with a genetic distance of 1.4 and 1.7 cM respectively. These tightly linked markers with the ms 15 , ms 5 and ms 6 genes can be used in the marker-assisted selection among segregating populations in a breeding programme, and provide the foundation for gene isolation by map-based cloning for these three genes. 相似文献
14.
Pflanzenwachstum durch CO2 /HCO3 -Eintrag über die Wurzel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W. Schäfer 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1988,160(4):228-234
Plant Growth after Application of CO2 /HCO3 to the Roots
After applying H14 CO3 to the root system of summer wheat in hermetically sealed pots, absorption and incorporation of HCO3 in the sugar-, starch-, and fibre-fraction (approximately 50 % of the absorped 14 C) could be shown. This fraction reached 0.44–1.21 % of total C-assimilation of the shoot during growing stage F9/F10 on the Feeke-scala. 1/3 of the HCO3 -fraction resting in the soil was bound organically indicating that microorganisms may be able to utilize exogenous anorganic CO2 /HCO3 for their photosynthesis. 相似文献
After applying H
15.
Y. L. Yuan Y. H. Chen C. M. Tang S. R. Jing S. L. Liu J. J. Pan R. J. Kohel T. Z. Zhang 《Plant Breeding》2000,119(1):59-64
Seven pairs of near‐isogenic lines (glandless vs. glanded) and the recurrent parents were used to determine the effects of the dominant glandless gene from ‘Hai 1’(Gossypium barbadense) on agronomic, fibre, and seed characters in Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, backgrounds. The results showed that there were no apparent linkage associations of the glandless gene on most agronomic, fibre and seed characters of Upland cotton, except for seed quality. The glandless line derived from ‘Liaomian 7’had significantly more protein (489.6 g/kg), and that from H237 had significantly more oil (362.4 g/kg) and had the largest oil index (2.70 g) and protein index (3.03 g). The gossypol content of seed in dominant glandless lines in Upland cotton was very low (<0.04 g/kg). Therefore, it is suggested that the glandless gene can play an important role in breeding glandless or low seed‐gossypol Upland cotton cultivars. 相似文献
16.
Influence of high temperature stress on photosynthesis and allocation of carbon into different biochemical fractions in mature leaves of Indian mustard [ Brassica juncea (L) Czern] was investigated. Heat stress reduced 14 CO2 fixation and inhibited the translocation of carbon from the leaves. Allocation of 14 C into starch and residue fractions was significantly lower in heat stressed plant leaves. Starch content was significantly reduced in heat stressed plants. 相似文献
17.
Although the wild sunflower species Helianthus laevigatus has not been extensively studied it may be considered for sunflower breeding as a potential source of desirable genes for Sclerotinia stalk rot resistance and high contents of proteins and linoleic acid in the seed. A set of six H. laevigatus populations was crossed to cultivated sun~ower lines and produced nine F1 (2-14 plants) and 66 BC1F1 hybrid combinations (1-13 plants). Male sterility occurred in F1 and BC1F1 hybrid combinations and pollen viability was lower in the progenies than in the parents (51.6-77.2%in F1 and in F1 and 4.8-34.0% in BC1F1). Meiosis was normal in the H. laevigatus populations It was found that this tetraploid species also occurred in a hexaploid form Numerous irregularities were observed in the meiosis of the F1 interspecific hybrids During diakinesis, quadrivalents and hexavalents were recorded in addition to bivalents Dislocated chromosomes and chromosome bridges were present in the other phases The chromosome number in F1 was 68 (tetraploid). Irregularities in chromosome pairing were observed in the interspecific hybrids at BC1F1. There were many univalents, and trivalents quadrivalents and hexavalents were also present The chromosome number in the BC1F1 generation ranged from 34 to 60. The occurrence of meiotic irregularities in the F1 and BC1F1 interspecific hybrids indicates that H. laevigatus and the cultivated sunflower differ in genome constitution. 相似文献
18.
在盐酸质子化条件下,采用超声微波协助法成功制备了可见光型复合催化剂WO3/g-C3N4。利用X射线多晶粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis)和BET比表面测试仪对样品进行了表征,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物对其光催化性能进行研究。结果表明:复合催化剂样品是由片状的WO3纳米片负载在g-C3N4表面组成的。当WO3负载的质量分数为40%时,前驱物在500℃条件下煅烧2 h后所得样品的光催化性能明显好于同条件下制得的单一相WO3和g-C3N4,在可见光(波长大于420 nm)照射下,5 h内对100 mL浓度为10-5 mol/L罗丹明B橙溶液的降解高达98%。 相似文献
19.
Summary The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is a serious pest of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Trichome-based host plant resistance of wild Lycopersicon species may offer an alternative to pesticides for management of this pest. Two wild species, Lycopersicon cheesmanii f. minor and L. pennellii, were crossed with L. esculentum and the types and densities of trichomes possessed by the F1 hybrids measured. The effects of these trichomes on M. persicae were assessed by placing nymphs on leaves and, 96 hr later, designating each nymph as either dead, alive, emigrating off
the leaf or unaccounted for. A generalised linear model was used to detect relationships between the numbers of nymphs in
each designation and the densities of trichomes and leaf area. Mortality of nymphs on L. pennellii hybrids was associated with high densities of type IV and low densities of type I trichomes. Mortality of nymphs on L. cheesmanii f. minor hybrids was associated with high densities of type III trichomes. An increase in the densities of type III trichomes on L. pennellii hybrids was associated with greater numbers of nymphs emigrating off the leaf whilst unaccounted nymphs on L. pennellii hybrids were associated with increased densities of type VII and type I trichomes. Further experimentation using excised
leaflets found mortality on L. pennellii hybrids may be due to nymphs being hindered by type I trichomes and increased densities of type V trichomes were associated
with greater numbers of unhindered nymphs. Implications of results are discussed in the context of introducing trichome-based
host plant resistance into L. esculentum. 相似文献
20.