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基于2019年莱州湾芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区渔业资源调查数据,利用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6 (EwE 6.6)软件构建了芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区生态系统Ecopath模型,系统分析了芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区生态系统的能量流动规律和结构特征,估算了仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的生态容量。Ecopath模型由16个功能组组成,基本涵盖了芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区生态系统能量流动的主要过程。结果发现,生态系统各功能组的营养级范围为1.000~3.978,其中,花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)处于最高营养级;生态系统总转换效率为10.6%,来自初级生产者的转换效率为10.8%,来自碎屑的转换效率为10.1%;生态系统总流量为2 596.108 t/(km2·a),其中44%来自碎屑;系统总初级生产量/总呼吸量为1.454,连接指数为0.402,系统杂食指数为0.211,Finn´s循环指数和平均路径长度分别为8.860%和2.980。结果表明,芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区生态系统成熟度和稳定性较低,食物网结构较简单。根据模型计算得出,仿刺参的生态容量为131 t/km2,是现存量的6.55倍,具有较大的增殖潜力。 相似文献
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人工鱼礁是放置于海底以影响海洋生物资源的物理、生物或社会经济过程的人工设施。科学评价人工鱼礁对渔业资源生态容纳量的改善程度对揭示鱼礁的生态功能和指导鱼礁后续建设具有重要的理论与现实意义。人工鱼礁区鱼类和大型无脊椎动物可分为3种类型(I型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型),其中Ⅱ型鱼类和大型无脊椎动物身体不接触鱼礁,但在鱼礁周围游泳、在海底栖息。该生物学资料可通过拖网调查取样获得。根据2004年10月～2007年9月浙江嵊泗人工鱼礁海域渔业资源拖网调查数据,建立了模拟礁区渔业资源密度随时间变化趋势的Logistic模型,并据此求解了鱼礁海域资源数量容纳量模型。通过遗传算法求得了Logistic模型的参数。结果表明,人工鱼礁区Ⅱ型鱼类和大型无脊椎动物的原有生态容纳量约为6.00～8.03ind/km·kW,鱼礁投放所产生的新生态容纳量约为4.40～5.89ind/km·kW,容纳量随季节变化而呈周期性波动。 相似文献
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嵊泗人工鱼礁海区生态系统能量流动模型初探 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
主要根据从2005年1月开始投放人工鱼礁至11月在嵊泗人工鱼礁海区进行的环境、资源和生态调查资料,应用Ecopath withEcosim(EwE)软件,构建嵊泗人工鱼礁海区生态系统初步能量流动模型。模型由13个功能组构成,每一组都代表在生态系统中具有相似地位的有机体,基本覆盖了嵊泗人工鱼礁海区生态系统能量流动的主要过程。模型分析表明,嵊泗人工鱼礁海区生态系统的能量流动主要以捕食食物链途径为主,各功能组的营养级范围为1.00~4.18。生态网络分析表明,系统的能量流动主要有6级,来自初级生产者的能流效率为13.8%,来自碎屑的转换效率为13.4%,平均能量转换效率为13.6%。 相似文献
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本研究从理化环境、生物群落结构和生态系统功能3个层面,运用模糊综合评价法构建了人工鱼礁区生态系统健康评价模型。基于2013~2015年山东长岛挡浪岛人工鱼礁区5个航次调查结果,对挡浪岛人工鱼礁区、辐射区和对照区的生态系统开展健康评价。结果显示,人工鱼礁区及辐射区的生态系统为健康状态,对照区为亚健康状态。三者的生态健康指数为鱼礁区(0.783)>辐射区(0.646)>对照区(0.594)。与未投礁时相比,鱼礁区和辐射区的生态系统均脱离了亚健康状态且逐步提升,但对照区仍处于亚健康状态且发展不稳定。健康评价研究表明,挡浪岛人工鱼礁区生态系统比对照区更稳定,并带动辐射区提高了系统健康水平,表明挡浪岛人工鱼礁建设在生态环境修复和海洋渔业资源养护方面已取得一定效果。 相似文献
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评估大长山生态化开发示范区海洋生态服务价值,为生态化开发建设效果评估提供参考依据。示范区2012年投放塔型钢筋混凝土人工鱼礁改造海底环境,2013年初步进行了建设,养殖品种为刺参、皱纹盘鲍等海珍品。参照《海洋生态资本评估技术导则》,对开发示范区2012-2014年供给服务、调节服务、文化服务3组,养殖生产、捕捞生产、氧气生产、气候调节、废弃物处理、休闲娱乐、科研服务等7大类生态服务价值进行评估。示范区建设前的2012年生态服务价值4 178.65万元,示范区建设后2014年生态服务价值5 373.87万元,增加28.60%。2014年生态服务价值中,养殖生产价值5 068.80万元,较2012年增长1 096.30万元、增幅27.60%,刺参生物量较2012年增加83.3 t、增幅43.09%。文化服务中,2012、2013年示范区建设单位并未对海域进行旅游开发,当年旅游收入均为0;在示范区建设酒店后,2014年接待游客近千人次,直接旅游收入达到60.30万元。下一步应进一步完善评估模型,特别是需要获取准确统计数据,以便准确评估示范区的生态价值。 相似文献
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本研究采用模糊综合评价法构建人工鱼礁生态系统健康评价模型,采用层次分析法对各项生态指标的权重进行赋值,并利用综合健康指数模型对北戴河人工鱼礁区和对照海区生态系统健康状况进行评价。根据2013年7月本底调查和2014年6月与2015年5月的跟踪调查数据,分析结果显示,人工鱼礁区和对照区的生态系统都处于健康状态,对照区在2013年7月和2014年6月的调查中健康指数均高于鱼礁区,2015年5月调查时,对照区生态健康指数出现下滑,但人工鱼礁区生态系统健康呈现逐步提升的状态,综合健康指数为0.838,属很健康状态。根据评价结果,北戴河人工鱼礁建设取得良好生态效果,生态系统处于逐步稳定健康发展的状态。本研究采用生态系统健康指数,科学评价人工鱼礁生态效应,对人工鱼礁工程建设、环境资源保护、高效管理和可持续利用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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根据 2017 年和 2018 年辽宁省大连市獐子岛海域渔业资源和生态环境调查数据, 利用 Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5 (EwE)软件构建了獐子岛海域 Ecopath 模型, 分析獐子岛海域生态系统的营养级结构和能流特征, 评估了虾夷扇贝底播增殖的生态容量。结果显示: (1)獐子岛海域生态系统的营养级范围为 1~4.365, 最低营养级为浮游植物和有机碎屑, 营养级为 1。处于最高营养级为魟鳐类功能组, 营养级为 4.365。牧食食物链的各营养级之间的平均转换效率为 6.268%, 而碎屑食物链各营养级之间的平均转换效率为 7.698%, 系统的能量流动以碎屑食物链为主, 总系统转化效率为 6.923%, 低于 10%的林德曼转化效率。系统连接指数为 0.219, 系统杂食性指数为 0.174, 系统 Finn 循环指数为 7.790, 系统 Finn 平均路径长度为 2.674, 说明系统的能量并没有被充分利用, 存在能量传递阻塞的情况。2)根据模型估算得到的虾夷扇贝的生态容量为 36.805 t/km2 , 是现存量的 17.5 倍；达到生态容量前后獐子岛生态系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸量变化很小(变化值为 0.26), 系统杂食性指数和系统连接指数均没有明显变化, 对獐子岛生态系统的稳定性和营养结构未产生很大的影响。因此认为虾夷扇贝增殖量尚有很大潜力。 相似文献
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基于Ecopath模型的洈水水库生态系统特征及鲢、鳙生态容量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为分析洈水水库生态系统结构和能流特征, 探讨鲢、鳙生态容量, 根据 2020—2021 年的渔业资源调查数据, 构建了洈水水库 Ecopath 模型。洈水水库 Ecopath 模型由 15 个功能组组成, 有效营养级范围为 1.000~3.336, 关键种为鳜、鲌类, 生态位重叠图表明条与主要经济物种鲢、鳙生态位重叠度较高。洈水水库循环指数 ? (FCI)、系统连接指数(CI)、系统杂食指数(SOI)分别为 11.35、0.351、0.099, 说明洈水水库有着较高的物质再循环比例, 其功能组之间具有较为密切且复杂的联结关系。洈水水库生态系统总流量(TST)为 44254.860 t/(km2 ·a), 总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值(TPP/TR)为 1.394, 表明系统总体规模适宜且趋于成熟。洈水水库鲢、鳙的生物量分别为 2.117 t/(km2 ·a) 和 16.577 t/(km2 ·a), 通过模型推算其生态容纳量分别为 30.169 t/(km2 ·a)和 236.217 t/(km2 ·a)。 相似文献
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基于Ecopath模型的大亚湾黑鲷生态容量评估 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为评估大亚湾黑鲷(Sparusmacrocephalus)的生态容量,根据2015年渔业资源和生态环境调查数据,利用Ecopathwith Ecosim6.5(EwE)软件构建了由26个功能组组成的大亚湾Ecopath模型,分析了大亚湾生态系统的基本特征,并结合食物网结构和能量流动估算了黑鲷的增殖生态容量。结果显示,黑鲷营养级为3.44,营养转化效率为0.302;大亚湾生态系统各功能组的营养级在1～3.95之间,系统总转化效率为7.636%,总初级生产量/总呼吸量为2.142,系统连接指数为0.364,系统杂食性指数为0.210,表明系统各营养级转化效率较低,能量未被充分利用;系统总转化效率低于10%,营养级I、II流向碎屑量占总流向碎屑量的98.11%,说明能量传递发生阻塞,具有增殖空间。经估算黑鲷生态容量为0.034 t/km2,是现存生物量的1.4倍,此时其他浮游生物食性鱼类的转化效率等于1,系统处于平衡状态;达到生态容量前后大亚湾生态系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸量变化很小(变化值为0.001),系统杂食性指数和系统连接指数均没有变化,因此认为放流黑鲷至生态容量对大亚湾生态系统的稳定性和营养结构未产生影响。 相似文献
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Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species. 相似文献
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Nuhman Usman Bambang Irawan Agoes Soegianto 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(4):547-556
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration. 相似文献
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Argopecten irradians is one of the most important commercial species of Pectinidae family in China. The internal defense system of mollusks consists of circulating haemocytes. In order to characterize the haemocytes of the scallop A. irradians, light and electron microscopical studies were carried out. Four types of haemocytes were recognized: type I small hyalinocytes (2.38 ± 0.08 μm, 30-35%), type II large hyalinocytes (4.41 ± 0.33 μm, 15-20%), type III small granulocytes (4.15 ± 0.26 μm, 20-25%), and type IV large granulocytes (8.26 ± 0.52 μm, 25-30%). Granulocyte types showed smaller N/C ratios than hyalinocytes. The mean haemocyte concentration was about (3.75 ± 0.65) × 107 cells ml− 1 of haemolymph. Among haemocytes, 44.7% are granular and 55.3% are agranular. These gave a relatively systematic classification scheme for haemocytes of A. irradians. Three types of granules were identified: type I, with high electron-density; type II, with low electron-density; and type III, with a middle level of electron-density, based on TEM studies. Different haemocyte types were not separated with DDGC of Percoll in this study. Both granulocytes and hyalinocytes showed a phagocytic response to the two strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli and RLOs. The phagocytic ability of granulocyte was significantly higher (41-48%) than that of hyalinocyte (9.2-11.2%). 相似文献
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D. K. Rowe 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1999,6(5):377-386
Adult common bullies, Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, are small (total length = 30–120 mm), benthic fish commonly found in the littoral zones of New Zealand lakes where they are a major prey species for trout and eels. Differences in their relative abundance (CPUE) were determined between 21 shallow North Island lakes. Mean CPUE ranged from 2 to > 1000 fish net− 1 night− 1 and was inversely related to water transparency. The abundance of bullies was not reduced in lakes containing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), but was reduced in all lakes containing self-recruiting populations of eels, Anguilla spp. Mean densities of planktonic larval bullies in the limnetic zone were also inversely related to water transparency. Since low water transparency is related to increased trophic status for these lakes, the abundance of bullies is likely to be related to lake productivity, rather than turbidity. 相似文献
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Larval transport and retention of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, in the coastal zone of the Florida Keys, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The spiny lobster Panulirus argus is of ecological and commercial importance in the South Florida coast of the continental USA and throughout the Intra‐Americas Sea. Essential spiny lobster habitat in South Florida is primarily located in the Florida Keys coastal zone (including the Dry Tortugas), where the dynamic regional circulation coupled with the long planktonic larval duration (6–12 months) of P. argus raises questions of larval retention and recruitment. Locally spawned phyllosomata entrained in the Florida Current are likely to be expatriated out of the Straits of Florida, which implies that the local spiny lobster population is sustained by the transport of larval recruits from upstream locations. We examined the physical processes that may influence recruitment. Transport processes in the Keys coastal zone are spatially variable. Observed and modelled data suggest that the upper Keys is a point of onshore larval transport via the inshore meandering of the Florida Current, and the lower Keys to Dry Tortugas region apoint of retention through wind‐driven onshore/countercurrents and eddy recirculation. Eddies that propagate between the Dry Tortugas and the lower Keys facilitate the exchange of larvae between the Florida Current and the coastal zone. Northerly wind events associated with cold fronts can enhance recirculation of larvae in the upper Keys. The association of older larvae with the Florida Current front supports the hypothesis that spiny lobster larval recruits come from upstream sources in the Caribbean. 相似文献
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The dietary requirements of Penaeus monodon for eicosapentaenoic (20:5n‐3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n‐3; DHA) acids were examined. These requirements were examined when dietary levels of linoleic (18:2n‐6; LOA) and linolenic acids (18:3n‐3; LNA) were also provided at previously established optimal levels of 14 and 21% respectively of the total lipid fatty acids. A 5 × 5 factorial design was used with incremental amounts (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% of total fatty acids) of EPA and/or DHA. An additional diet containing cod‐liver oil was provided as a reference diet. The total lipid content of all of the 25 treatments and reference diets was maintained at the same level of 75 g kg?1. Growth of prawns fed with the reference diet after 50 days was 244 ± 21%. The greatest response to singular additions of EPA or DHA was with a 12% inclusion of either fatty acid, resulting in 287 ± 21 and 293 ± 18% weight gain, respectively. Growth was generally better when combinations of EPA and DHA were used, the optimal combination being EPA 4% and DHA 4%, resulting in 335 ± 25% weight gain. Addition of high levels of either of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in the diet had a negative effect on growth. Digestibilities of the total neutral lipid and specific fatty acids were examined during the growth trials. The digestibility of total neutral lipid was usually higher when either or both HUFA were present, however there were few significant differences between treatments that contained either or both HUFA. Following the growth trials, digestive glands (DG) of prawns fed with the various diets were analysed to determine the total lipid content and fatty acid composition. Total lipid in the digestive gland increased with the inclusion of DHA, but was not significantly affected by the addition of EPA. The fatty acid composition of the digestive gland lipid generally reflected that of the diet. However, the maximum retention of EPA (11.1% of total DG fatty acids) and DHA (10.7% of total DG fatty acids), was not directly proportional to the amount of either fatty acid present in the diet. These results demonstrate that both EPA and DHA have considerable growth promoting capacity. This growth promoting capacity is enhanced when an optimal balance of both fatty acids are incorporated into the diet. 相似文献
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副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)在海洋环境中普遍存在,是能够引起人类中毒的重要食源性病原菌之一,研究其生长受环境因子的影响规律对科研和社会生活都具有重要意义。本研究采用响应面法研究温度、盐度、pH、磷酸盐、硝氮和氨氮对VP的生长影响,以探讨、评估这6种理化因子的综合作用结果。首先用Design-Expert软件中的Box Behnken中心组合原则设计三因素三水平响应面实验,再进行响应面分析,以培养基光密度(OD600 nm)值为生长状态参数,获得该菌的最佳培养参数：温度为34.5℃,盐度为3%,酸碱度pH为8.0。在此基础上,考察NaNO3、NH4Cl和Na3PO4对VP生长的影响并建立模型。回归方程决定系数R2=0.9217,校正系数R2=0.8211,回归模型F=9.16, P=0.004,表明该模型具有较好的准确性。实验所得实测值与模型演算理论值拟合良好,皆表明磷酸盐、硝氮和氨氮对VP的生长都具有抑制作用。 相似文献