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枣裂果机制研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
采用浸水模拟降雨、石蜡制片和显微测量技术,以极易裂、中抗和极抗裂品种为材料,测量枣果表皮厚度、梗洼下空腔、果肉空腔和果肉细胞大小及其变化,探讨成熟期枣裂果机制。结果表明,不同裂果等级枣品种之间表皮厚度差异极显著,且极抗裂品种表皮最厚,极易裂品种最薄,中抗品种居中,表皮越厚越抗裂。不同裂果等级枣品种之间梗洼下空腔与枣果比率差异极显著,极抗裂品种比率最小(0.24%～0.26%),极易裂品种最大(0.62%),梗洼下空腔越小越抗裂。不同裂果等级枣品种之间果肉空腔大小差异极显著,极抗裂品种最小(3 380.82～3 879.12μm2),极易裂品种最大(9 300.49～10 809.86μm2),果肉空腔越小越抗裂。果肉细胞大小没有显著差异,但果肉细胞的吸水速显著不同,极易裂品种果肉细胞吸收最快,极抗裂品种最慢,中抗品种居中,果肉细胞吸水越慢越抗裂。这些研究表明枣果表皮厚度、梗洼下空腔、果肉空腔和果肉细胞的吸水速度共同决定了枣的裂果程度。 相似文献
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《园艺学报》2019,(8)
以‘壶瓶枣’(Ziziphus jujuba ‘Huping Zao’)为研究材料,研究不同时期(幼果期、膨大期及成熟期)叶面喷施CaCl_2对果皮与果肉细胞壁降解酶活性、细胞壁成分原果胶与纤维素、裂果率、显微结构的影响,为明确钙与‘壶瓶枣’裂果的关系及其潜在生理机制,有效降低枣裂果提供理论及技术支撑。结果表明:不同时期喷CaCl_2处理,均显著降低了裂果率,显著降低了果皮和果肉果胶酶与纤维素酶的活性;显著提高了果皮和果肉原果胶与纤维素含量;裂果率与果皮和果肉中果胶酶活性、纤维素酶活性呈极显著正相关,与原果胶含量和纤维素含量呈极显著负相关。CaCl_2处理后,枣果角质层保持完整,不发生龟裂;枣果表皮厚度和角质层厚度显著增加;表皮细胞小于对照且排列紧实,果肉细胞排列规整,果肉空腔数减少。幼果期和膨大期喷钙可作为减少‘壶瓶枣’裂果的重要措施。 相似文献
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陕北山地红枣抗裂性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在陕西榆林的米脂县通过田间实地调查、定位试验观测和室内试验结合,分析了当地不同红枣品种的抗裂特性和裂果的主要原因。结果表明,(1)自然条件下不同品种间裂果一般与降雨时间和枣果成熟度有关,而抗裂性很强的品种(如米枣)不受降雨的影响;(2)在浸泡12 h参试的6个红枣的裂果率表现为骏枣>赞皇大枣>梨枣>马牙枣>灌阳长枣>米枣,浸泡12 h后随着浸泡时间的延长各种红枣的裂果率均有上升,但它们的裂果率大小顺序基本不变;(3)枣果的裂果率与果实的12 h吸水率关系密切;(4)枣果的裂果率与果实的品质无相关性;(5)施肥有利于提高红枣的抗裂性能,其中施尿素处理后较为明显。 相似文献
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枣裂果机理的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
对壶瓶枣、黑叶枣和郎枣裂果及其果实的生理、机械力学性质和解剖结构进行观察测定,结果表明:三个品种裂果发生从白熟期开始,而后,随着果实的成熟,裂果敏感性增加.这与枣果实的可溶性糖含量增加、水势下降、果皮韧性降低有关.壶瓶枣最易裂果,其次是黑叶枣,再次是郎枣,三个品种在同一时期裂果敏感性的差异与它们的果肉弹性、可塑性有关,与它们之间的水势、可溶性糖含量以及 K、Ca、Mg 含量无关.容易发生裂果的壶瓶枣和黑叶枣果皮角质层比不易裂的郎枣薄,其厚度依次为:6.81μm、6.41μm、8.28μm. 相似文献
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《柑桔与亚热带果树信息》2013,(12):66-66
据《中国农业科学》2013年第23期《枣抗裂果种质的筛选与评价》（作者苑赞等）报道,为筛选评价出抗裂果种质,直接为枣的栽培生产与育种应用提供品种材料．作者通过连续5年对169个枣品种的果实裂果方式、裂果率、裂果程度比较,进行抗裂果评价;利用石蜡切片技术比较不同抗裂程度品种果皮及果肉内部显微结构的差异。 相似文献
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《柑桔与亚热带果树信息》2013,(9):68-68
据《果树学报》2013年第4期《枣果实组织结构及果皮中矿质元素含量对裂果的影响》（作者曹一博等）报道,为了研究枣果实解剖结构及果皮中矿质元素的含量与枣裂果的关系。以抗裂枣品种“圆铃枣”及易裂品种“骏枣”为试材,从花后20天起,每10天采样一次。对花后80天的果实进行浸果诱裂试验,统计裂果率。 相似文献
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以16 a生“红富士”苹果果实为试材,研究了套袋和不套袋果实果皮解剖结构的差异及套袋果实发育过程中裂纹的发生情况及果皮解剖结构与裂纹的关系.结果表明:不套袋果实角质层厚度大于同时期套袋果实,表皮细胞小于同时期套袋果实且差异显著;套袋和不套袋果实裂纹率均随时间延长呈上升趋势,套袋果实裂纹出现时间早于不套袋果实,且前者裂纹率一直高于后者;随着果实发育套袋果实梗洼部、胴部和萼洼部角质层厚度均逐渐增加,表皮细胞均逐渐增大;与未裂纹果实相比,裂纹果实角质层有较多“V”型凹陷,凹凸不平,不均一,且深入表皮细胞下方,表皮细胞形状不规则,大小不一,排列疏松,细胞之间有较大空隙,空隙被角质层填满. 相似文献
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B. Aloni Leah Karni Irena Rylski Y. Cohen Y. Lee M. Fuchs 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):743-749
SummaryThe objective of the present study was to characterize some of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of fruit cracking in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Scanning-electron micrographs show that initiation of fruit cracking in bell pepper is by formation of mini-cracks on the cuticle layer; these then enlarge into cracks and traverse the epidermal cells. Pepper cultivars differ in their sensitivity to cracking, partly because of differences in fruit pericarp thickness. Limitation of night transpiration by high humidity or low temperature increased the turgor potential of the fruit pericarp and enhanced cracking. Likewise, leaf pruning suppressed night transpiration and concomitantly increased cracking. Fruit cuticle transpiration was found to be low in the early stages of fruit development and to increase as the fruit became susceptible to cracking. Environmental conditions which enhanced cracking also increased cuticle transpiration in a sensitive pepper cultivar but not in a less sensitive one. We suggest that fruit cracking in bell pepper occurs because reduction in night transpiration causes high turgor pressure in the fruit. As the cuticle becomes permeable to water, the inner turgor pressure causes the cuticle to crack. Differences in cultivar sensitivity may be partly due to differences in pericarp thickness and cuticle properties, but additional factors may be involved. 相似文献
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抗裂与易裂枣内源激素含量和细胞壁代谢相关酶活性比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以枣抗裂果品种‘圆铃枣’和易裂果品种‘俊枣’为材料,测定了果实生长发育曲线、果
形指数及种子败育率,并对果皮、果肉、种子中内源激素含量及果皮、果肉中细胞壁代谢相关酶的活性
进行了检测。结果表明,‘俊枣’果形指数和种子败育率均显著高于‘圆铃枣’。果实发育后期‘俊枣’
果皮中的GA3 含量、果肉中的IAA 含量明显高于‘圆铃枣’,而‘圆铃枣’果肉及种子中的ABA 含量高
于‘俊枣’;‘俊枣’果肉及种子中（GA3 + IAA + ZT）/ABA 的比值在整个果实生长发育期均高于‘圆铃
枣’。果实生长发育后期‘俊枣’果皮中的果胶酶及纤维素酶活性高于‘圆铃枣’,且‘俊枣’果肉中的
POD 及PPO 活性也较高。以上结果显示,枣果实生长发育后期易裂品种‘俊枣’果肉中的IAA 积累较多,
而抗裂品种‘圆铃枣’果肉及种子中ABA 含量显著高于易裂品种;易裂品种‘俊枣’果肉及种子中（GA3 +
IAA + ZT）/ABA 的比值较高,果皮中的果胶酶、纤维素酶活性影响裂果的发生,其POD 及PPO 活性相
对较高。 相似文献
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枣离体果实水分吸收与质外体运输的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了揭示枣果吸收水分后引起的裂果机制,以‘壶瓶枣’膨大期与着色期果实为试材,分
别采用染液和清水浸泡枣果实、带叶果的木质化枣吊基部、果柄及去果柄后梗洼引入染液等处理,研究
果实水分吸收与质外体运输的途径及能力。结果表明：离体枣果实可以通过果柄、果面吸收水分,水分
经果柄木质部进入果实,后继续通过维管束或扩散作用运输到果实各个部位。膨大期青果维管束运输能
力强,着色期果实梗洼下空腔变大,果柄维管束与果实内维管束的连接发生部分中断,维管束运输能力
下降;而此时果实表皮细胞增大,排列疏松,通过果面吸水能力增大。 相似文献
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以栽培番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)‘1052’为遗传背景的潘那利番茄(S.pennellii)‘LA0716’的渐渗系‘14h616’含有‘LA0716’第3染色体上长度为2.66Mb的片段,该片段含有番茄耐裂果基因Cr3a。以‘14h616’和‘1052’为亲本构建了番茄耐裂果基因Cr3a的亚渐渗系群体,以亚渐渗系群体F5代中易裂果和含有耐裂果基因Cr3a的耐裂果为材料制作石蜡切片,测量果实含水量。结果表明易裂果番茄与含Cr3a耐裂果番茄果皮角质层厚度和表皮细胞层数均无显著差异;但绿熟期易裂番茄果实含水量显著高于含Cr3a耐裂番茄。亚渐渗系群体遗传分析并结合表型鉴定结果表明,番茄耐裂性对易裂性为不完全显性关系,基因Cr3a的遗传贡献率是27.41%;将Cr3a定位于分子标记3-ZY75和3-ZY43约349kb范围内,在该区段内检测到47个候选基因。利用分子标记对以耐裂材料‘182h640’为母本、易裂材料‘182h680’为父本构建的F2群体及200份遗传背景不同的高代材料进行验证,符合性较好,选择准确度可达96%。本研究的结果为Cr3a的图位克隆和番茄耐裂果分子改良打下了坚实的基础。 相似文献
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七种藤本绿化植物叶解剖结构与抗旱性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过石蜡切片和指甲油印迹法,对北京地区常见的小叶扶芳藤、金银花、紫藤、美国凌霄、五叶地锦、南蛇藤、山荞麦等7种藤本绿化植物叶片的解剖结构和气孔特征进行研究。结果表明:7种藤本植物叶结构属于中生植物范畴,叶片为异面叶,叶解剖结构和气孔特征等19个间指标差异均达到极显著水平,其中表皮厚度、角质层厚度和海绵组织细胞宽度、气孔密度和气孔长径是对干旱较为灵敏的解剖性状,种间差异可以达到4～9倍。利用主成分分析发现根据抗旱能力可将7种藤本植物分为4类:小叶扶芳藤单独为抗旱性最强的1类,其次是由金银花、紫藤和美国凌霄组成的第2类,五叶地锦和南蛇藤为第3类,抗旱能力稍弱,抗旱能力最差是山荞麦。 相似文献
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7种番荔枝果树的叶片结构及其与抗寒性关系研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
应用叶片离析法和石蜡制片技术,对番荔枝科番荔枝属6种果树和比丽巴属1种果树的叶表皮特征和叶结构特征进行了研究。结果表明,番荔枝属的刺果番荔枝、山刺番荔枝和圆滑番荔枝表皮细胞垂周壁呈波浪状,表皮毛短或无;叶片厚度大,叶脉突起度(叶脉厚度/叶片厚度)小。杂交种番荔枝、非洲骄傲番荔枝(品种)、牛心番荔枝、秘鲁番荔枝以及比丽巴属的比丽巴番荔枝表皮细胞垂周壁呈直或弧状,表皮毛长;叶片厚度小,叶脉突起度大。还讨论了番荔枝果树叶片解剖特征与果树抗寒性的关系,认为表皮毛长、叶脉突起度大是抗寒性强的性状,反之则是抗寒性弱的表现。 相似文献
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初步明确,黄瓜品种对黑星病菌具有结构抗病性,果实的抗病性与其表皮的厚度有关。通过对抗,感品种接种后致病酶系及抗病酶系变化的研究,初步明确了这两种酶系在抗病中的作用,抗,感品种染病后均表现为酶活性增加,抗病品种中抗病酶系活性增加快,且高于感病品种,而致病酶系活性增加则相反。 相似文献
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An apple orchard consisting of a single cultivar under the condition of natural pollination must have suitable pollinizers such as Crab apples to ensure stable fruit production. We selected ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’ as pollinizers for the cultivar ‘Fuji’, and investigated the rate of fruit and seeds in ‘Fuji’ fruits produced by pollen of the pollinizers. We developed a method for tracing pollen flow based on the leaf color of progeny and S-RNase allele of ‘Maypole’, and on Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) analyses of ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’. These were powerful tools for determining the distance insects (mainly Osmia cornifrons) carry pollen from the pollinizers to ‘Fuji’. Although the fruit set of ‘Fuji’ apples was not reduced with increasing distance between ‘Fuji’ apple trees and pollinizers (probably due to pollen flow from other commercial cultivars planted outside the area), the rate of ‘Fuji’ apple fruit produced by the pollen of the pollinizers decreased with increasing distance. The rate of fruit produced by the pollinizers was 84% and 77% when ‘Fuji’ was 2.5 m from ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’, respectively, and 71% and 64% when ‘Fuji’ was 5 m from ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’, respectively, but was reduced to 47% and 39% when ‘Fuji’ was 10 m from ‘Maypole’ and ‘Dolgo’, respectively. However, the spacing could cause reduced fruit size, and require extra fruit thinning for producing large fruits. It could also cause reduction of the yield for increasing the planting area of pollinizers. We recommend that pollinizers should be planted not more than 10 m from ‘Fuji’. 相似文献
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Early watercore was observed in apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from the outer canopy of ‘Orin’, an early watercore susceptible cultivar, while there was no watercore in ‘Orin’ fruit from the inner canopy and resistant ‘Fuji’. Sorbitol content was higher not only in the free space but also in the vacuole and cytoplasm in watercored ‘Orin’ than in other non-watercored fruit. Comparing watercored apples to non-watercored fruit of ‘Orin’, higher fructose and glucose in the vacuole and no significant difference in the distribution rate of sorbitol to each compartment were observed. Watercored ‘Orin’ apples showed significantly higher permeability of tonoplast to fructose, glucose, and sorbitol than those in other non-watercored apples. The permeability of plasma membrane to each sugar was much higher than that of tonoplast but no marked difference was observed among the treatments. The results suggest that metabolism of sorbitol could be active even in watercored ‘Orin’ apples and the accumulated sorbitol in the intercellular spaces might be primarily due to an active unloading from the phloem and not be brought by increased leakage from the cells. 相似文献
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Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most detrimental diseases affecting citrus production. ‘Meiwa’ kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) and ‘Newhall’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis) are two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance. In the current study, efforts were made to perform pairwise comparison between them in terms of structural difference and biochemical response to Xcc attack. Pinprick inoculation demonstrated that ‘Meiwa’ had lower disease incidence rate and smaller lesion size, concurrent with significantly less bacterial number at the inoculation sites relative to ‘Newhall’. Microscopic observation demonstrated that stomatal density and size of ‘Meiwa’ were significantly smaller than ‘Newhall’. Stomatal apertures of ‘Meiwa’ were smaller than ‘Newhall’ measured at 2 h after their leaves were immersed in Xcc suspension, consistent with the bacteria number in the internal tissues counted at 4 d. Epicuticular wax content of ‘Meiwa’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Newhall’, while no difference in palisade and spongy tissue was observed between them. Enzymatic activity assay showed that after Xcc inoculation, ‘Meiwa’ exhibited significantly higher activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in comparison with ‘Newhall’ at most of the sampling time points. Our data showed that the two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance exhibited clear difference in the structure and physiological response, which may provide information to facilitate our understanding of Xcc resistance. 相似文献