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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2015,(3)
本课题研究旨在针对人工输精后的28~45 d的奶牛,分别采用PAG-ELISA方法和B超检测进行早期妊娠诊断,比较实验结果,评价PAG-ELISA检测方法对配种28~45 d的奶牛进行早期妊娠诊断的准确性。结果表明,PAG-ELISA妊娠诊断的特异性、敏感性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值和准确性分别为93.2%、100%、100%、97.4%和98.1%,Kappa为0.952。PAG-ELSIA检测方法和B超妊娠诊断结果符合率高,可用于母牛的早期妊娠诊断。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(22)
为了研究妊娠相关糖蛋白(PAG)检测试剂盒在人工授精(AI)后28~32 d奶牛早期妊娠诊断上的应用效果,试验采集49头AI后28~32 d奶牛血液样品,分离血清并应用PAG检测试剂盒进行检测;采血当天利用兽用B型超声诊断仪(B超)进行妊娠检查,并于AI后第35天用B超复检。结果表明:AI后28~32 d,PAG检测试剂盒检测奶牛早期妊娠的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为92.0%、95.8%、95.8%、92.0%、93.9%,与B超检测方法结果的一致性(Kappa值)为0.632。说明PAG检测试剂盒可以高效应用于奶牛的早期妊娠诊断中。 相似文献
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研究旨在探讨干扰素刺激基因15(Interferon stimulated gene 15,ISG15)、2′-5′寡腺苷酸合成酶1(2′-5′-oligoadenylate Synthetase 1,OAS1)和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸基区域蛋白2(Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2,RSAD2)对奶牛早期妊娠诊断的价值,为其在奶牛早期妊娠诊断中的应用提供理论依据。36头青年母牛分别于人工授精(artificial insemination,AI)后0d、18d、21d、28d采集外周血,利用荧光定量PCR技术对ISG15、OAS1和RSAD2在18d外周血总白细胞中的相对表达量(相对于0d)进行了分析;分别利用化学发光法和ELISA技术对血清孕酮(18d、21d)和牛妊娠相关糖蛋白(pregnancy-associated glycoprotein,PAG),(28d)进行了检测。通过建立受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)综合评估了三个候选生物标志物单独或联合检测在奶牛早期妊娠诊断中的统计学指标,并与孕酮检测和PAG检测的诊断效能进行了同步比较分析。对ISG15、OAS1和RSAD2三者的分析结果表明,ISG15与RSAD2联合检测的敏感性和特异性分别为94.7%和100%,具有最优的诊断价值;以血清中孕酮含量作为参考指标时,AI后21d妊娠诊断的敏感性和特异性与18d相比较优,分别为88.9%和94.1%,但诊断效能不及ISG15、RSAD2二者联用;PAG ELISA最早于AI后28d可做出诊断,且相对于ISG15-RSAD2联用其诊断的特异性较低,为94.12%。综上所述,利用ISG15和RSAD2基因不仅可望在AI后18d成功实现妊娠诊断而且具有最高的灵敏度和特异性,研究结果为下一步建立奶牛新型早期妊娠诊断技术奠定了基础。 相似文献
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妊娠相关糖蛋白(pregnancy-associated glycoprotein,PAG)是由胎盘组织产生并释放到母体外周血液中的大分子蛋白,在妊娠过程中发挥着重要作用.目前,母畜妊娠早期诊断的研究多集中在对奶牛伤害小、准确性高、特异性强的间接检测方法上,如检测血液或乳汁中孕酮等激素,而近年来发展起来的对血液中PAG的检测就是一种主流的方法.作者现就PAG的功能、生化特性、母畜怀孕期间PAG的浓度变化及其在反刍动物早期妊娠诊断中的应用情况进行综述. 相似文献
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奶牛配种后,及时且准确了解奶牛的妊娠状况至关重要.奶牛早期妊娠诊断可显著缩短平均育种间隔,提高奶牛养殖效率.随着早期妊娠诊断技术不断发展,检测牛妊娠相关糖蛋白(PAG)逐渐被人们重视,尤其是酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)得到更多的开发与利用.目前国外已有PAGELISA牛妊娠检测试剂盒用于检测怀孕早期PAGs,该方法快... 相似文献
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Pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAG) are secreted by the binucleate giant cells of the ruminant placenta and enter maternal circulation at the time of placental attachment. The IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Test (IDEXX, Westbrook, ME) detects a subset of PAG in milk. Although designed as a management tool for dairy cows, there is potential for using the milk PAG test in beef cows. Our objective was to compare the performance of the milk PAG ELISA with a gold standard method for pregnancy diagnosis and determine the agreement between milk and serum PAG analysis in lactating beef cows. Angus and Angus‐crossed cows (n = 332) from two Michigan beef herds were enrolled in this study. Cows were subjected either to timed artificial insemination followed by exposure to a bull or exclusively exposed to a bull. The bulls and cows were separated 30 days prior to examination. Serum and milk samples were collected and submitted within 24 h of collection to a commercial laboratory for PAG analysis using the IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Assay (milk) and the IDEXX Bovine Pregnancy Assay (serum). Concurrently with milk and serum collection, each cow was examined transrectally by palpation or ultrasonography. When compared to transrectal examination, the performance (and 95% confidence intervals) of the milk PAG ELISA was sensitivity of 99.7% (99.0–100.0%) and specificity of 80.8% (65.6–95.9%). The lower specificity is likely due to the low prevalence (9.9%) of open cows (n = 30) in the herds examined. Of the 332 cows examined, 1.8% (n = 6) were classified as rechecks using the milk PAG ELISA. Results of the milk and serum PAG ELISA were in high agreement (kappa coefficient = 0.91). The milk PAG ELISA was accurate in predicting pregnancy status using milk collected from beef cattle between days 37 and 125 post‐insemination and may be useful for aiding management decisions in beef herds. 相似文献
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AIMS: To determine the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography and an ELISA for pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) in milk, in lactating dairy cows in seasonally calving herds approximately 85–100 days after the start of the herd’s breeding period.METHODS: Paired results were used from pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography and ELISA for PAG in milk carried out approximately 85 and 100 days after the start of the breeding period, respectively, from 879 cows from four herds in Victoria, Australia. A Bayesian latent class model was used to estimate the proportion of cows pregnant, the Se and Sp of each test, and covariances between test results in pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Prior probability estimates were defined using beta distributions for the expected proportion of cows pregnant, Se and Sp for each test, and covariances between tests. Markov Chain Monte Carlo iterations identified posterior distributions for each of the unknown variables. Posterior distributions for each parameter were described using medians and 95% probability (i.e. credible) intervals (PrI). The posterior median estimates for Se and Sp for each test were used to estimate positive predictive and negative predictive values across a range of pregnancy proportions.RESULTS: The estimate for proportion pregnant was 0.524 (95% PrI?=?0.485–0.562). For pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography, Se and Sp were 0.939 (95% PrI?=?0.890–0.974) and 0.943 (95% PrI?=?0.885–0.984), respectively; for ELISA, Se and Sp were 0.963 (95% PrI?=?0.919–0.990) and 0.870 (95% PrI?=?0.806–0.931), respectively. The estimated covariance between test results was 0.033 (95% PrI?=?0.008–0.046) and 0.035 (95% PrI?=?0.018–0.078) for pregnant and non-pregnant cows, respectively. Pregnancy diagnosis results using transrectal ultrasonography had a higher positive predictive value but lower negative predictive value than results from the ELISA across the range of pregnancy proportions assessed.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography and ELISA for PAG in milk had similar Se but differed in predictive values. Pregnancy diagnosis in seasonally calving herds around 85–100 days after the start of the breeding period using the ELISA is expected to result in a higher negative predictive value but lower positive predictive value than pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography. Thus, with the ELISA, a higher proportion of the cows with negative results will be non-pregnant, relative to results from transrectal ultrasonography, but a lower proportion of cows with positive results will be pregnant. 相似文献
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采用血清酸滴定法对配种后16 d～45 d的1 008头不同品种的母牛进行了早期妊娠诊断研究,检出妊娠牛764头,未妊娠牛244头;与直肠检查结果对比,妊娠符合率为90.31%(690/764),未孕符合率为93.03%(227/244),总符合率为90.97%(917/1008).对3种不同品种牛试验结果经3组间及两组间卡方检验统计分析,无显著差异(P＞0.05).表明血清酸滴定法用于牛的早孕诊断具有诊断时间早、方法简便、结果准确等优点,宜于在基层推广. 相似文献
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Piechotta M Bollwein J Friedrich M Heilkenbrinker T Passavant C Branen J Sasser G Hoedemaker M Bollwein H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(1):72-75
The objective of the present study was to compare two commercially available blood-based pregnancy tests, namely BioPRYN, an ELISA for pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB), and an ELISA for pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG), for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle using transrectal ultrasonography as a gold standard. Transrectal ultrasonography was conducted 26-58 days after artificial insemination (AI) in 197 cattle from 19 farms. Concurrently, a blood sample was collected for determination of serum PSPB and PAG. Transrectal palpation was performed approximately 120 days after AI to verify that pregnancy was maintained. For PSPB and PAG, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in sensitivity (98.0 and 97.8%), specificity (97.1 and 91.2%), positive predictive values (99.3 and 97.8%), negative predictive values (91.9 and 91.2%) and accuracy (97.8 and 96.4%). In conclusion, the two blood pregnancy assays were equally efficacious and were highly accurate (based on transrectal ultrasonography as the gold standard). 相似文献
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3种食蟹猴早孕诊断方法的比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验旨在对3种食蟹猴早孕诊断方法进行比较,找出比较准确、可靠的诊断方法。在食蟹猴怀孕第20天时用直肠触诊、B超检查和孕酮值检测3种方法进行早孕诊断,在怀孕第30天时B超确诊是否怀孕。结果表明,B超检查的准确率为96.4%;直肠触诊的准确率为92.9%;孕酮值检测的准确率为64.3%。因此B超检查准确率高,是食蟹猴怀孕诊断的金标法;直肠触诊准确率较高且方便、经济,适合基层生产中进行大批量诊断;孕酮值检测确诊率较低,但可作为早孕诊断的辅助方法。 相似文献
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Pregnancy diagnosis in cows with linear-array real-time ultrasound scanning: a preliminary note 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pregnancy diagnoses were performed under farm conditions in 201 cows (Hungarian Red Pied and crossbreds with Holstein) between 21 and 70 days after last insemination date, using a linear-array real-time ultrasound scanner with a 3.0 MHz rectal transducer. Identification of (a) sharply demarcated black area(s) and/or an embryo within the uterus were used as criterions for pregnancy. Pregnancy was confirmed by rectal examination at 6 and/or 8 weeks after A.I. From the total number of correct positive diagnoses (n = 129), incorrect positive diagnoses (n = 3, made on days 36, 40 and 44 after A I), correct negative diagnoses (n = 62) and incorrect negative diagnoses (n = 7, made on days 25, 28, 28, 29, 30, 31, and 33 after A I), a sensitivity of 94.8%, a specificity of 95,3%, a positive predictive value of 97.7% and a negative predictive value of 89.8% were calculated. From these preliminary results it was concluded that real-time ultrasound scanning is a useful and reliable technique for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows. It is suggested that a combination of milk/plasma progesterone estimation between days 21 and 24 and real-time ultrasound scanning between days 25 and 45 would allow the confirmation and quantification of (late) embryonic mortality in the cow. 相似文献
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It has been shown in several mammalian species that during pregnancy, trophoblast cells express a range of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG). The presence of PAG in the maternal serum of cows may serve as an indicator of pregnancy from day 28 after AI onward. The present study addresses (1) conversion of an existing PAG-RIA to a competitive double antibody ELISA using a polyclonal anti-bPAG-IgG and an anti-rabbit-IgG raised in sheep for coating and (2) application of newly established ELISA to test its suitability for pregnancy detection by measuring PAG in serum or milk. The intraassay coefficients of variation (CV) for the PAG-ELISA were 2–14% for serum and 10–12% for milk; the corresponding interassay CVs were 8–22% and 12–22%, respectively. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein profiles established in milk and serum of 12 pregnant cows showed a characteristic pattern with measurable amounts from approximately day 20 onwards in serum and from day 60 onwards in milk. In a field trial, serum PAG was determined in 397 cows sampled between 20 and 50 days after insemination. The outcome was that, pregnancy could reliably be diagnosed from day 28 onwards in serum and from day 150 onwards in milk. In conclusion, it may be stated that the established ELISA provides an efficient and reliable means of pregnancy diagnosis that will, in our judgement, gain in popularity with cattle breeding. The ELISA proved to be an adequate and efficient way of measuring PAG in maternal serum or milk and will be a useful means of pregnancy detection in cows. 相似文献
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Comparison of Five Radioimmunoassay Systems for PAG Measurement: Ability to Detect Early Pregnancy in Cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A Ayad NM Sousa J Sulon M Iguer-Ouada JF Beckers 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(4):433-440
This study was conducted to describe the minimum detection limit, reproducibility, accuracy, specificity and parallelism of different pregnancy-associated glycoprotein radioimmunoassay (PAG-RIA) systems: RIA-497, RIA-706, RIA-780, RIA-809 and RIA-Pool. Their ability to distinguish between non-pregnant and pregnant females at day 30 after artificial insemination (AI) was investigated. The antisera were raised in rabbits against different PAG preparations. All RIA systems proved to be sensitive, repeatable and accurate for measuring PAG concentrations. The dilutions of plasma samples taken at an early stage of pregnancy were found to be parallel to the standard curves. No cross-reaction was observed with different carbohydrates, either with Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) or human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG). The concentrations of PAG in pregnant females at day 30 after AI were shown to be higher with the use of antisera R#706, R#780, R#809 and Pool when compared with antiserum R#497. All the RIA systems gave 100% sensitivity and negative predictive values. On the other hand, the use of antisera R#780 and R#809 resulted in lower specificity and positive predictive values. The present study clearly shows that the ability of PAG-RIA systems to diagnose pregnancy specifically at day 30 after AI can be improved by using a combination of antisera raised against different forms of PAG. 相似文献
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A 3 MHz ultrasonic transducer was used to make pregnancy diagnoses in 320 milk and beef cows and heifers, on average 41 days after the last insemination. The ultrasound diagnostic findings were systematically confirmed by rectal palpation. Signs of pregnancy were detected as early as the 25th day after insemination. Discounting 16 doubtful results, the accuracy of positive diagnosis (94 per cent) was better than negative diagnosis (89.7 per cent). Ultrasound scanning could be used for the study of embryo mortality or for the determination of fetal age. 相似文献
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D Maes J Dewulf C Vanderhaeghe K Claerebout A de Kruif 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(5):438-443
The assessment of an early and reliable pregnancy diagnosis in sows is very important for limiting the number of non-productive days in sow herds. The aim of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of trans-abdominal ultrasound detection for early pregnancy diagnosis in sows under field conditions. Particular attention was paid to the time when a reliable diagnosis can be made, and to possible differences between two commonly used types of scanners. In total, 202 sows from two herds were tested daily with scanners A (linear transducer of 5 MHz) and B (sector transducer of 3.5 MHz) from day 16 until 25 after insemination. Ninety-three percentage of the sows were pregnant 36 days after insemination. Using ultrasound, the first pregnancy could be detected already 18 days after insemination. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were higher than 95% from day 24 (scanner A) or day 23 (scanner B) post-insemination onwards. The positive predictive values from day 19 onwards were consistently higher than 95% with both types of scanners, whereas the negative predictive values were consistently low for both scanners during the entire period. The sensitivity of testing tended to be slightly lower in sows with a litter size of <10 total born piglets, compared to sows with 10 or more piglets. In conclusion, pregnancy diagnosis in sows using trans-abdominal ultrasound testing can be assessed quickly and reliably under field conditions from day 23 of gestation onwards. Predictive values of positive test results were high in these herds, whereas those of negative test results were low. This implies that sows with a negative test result early in pregnancy should be retested later. 相似文献