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1.
为筛选具有较好脱除鸡粪堆肥所产生氨气效果的菌株,采集鸡粪及鸡粪堆肥样品,将样品驯化后通过富集、分离、纯化获得一定数量的氨氮降解菌,检测不同菌株的氨氮降解率,筛选降解氨氮能力强的菌株进行鉴定及复配试用于鸡粪堆肥。研究最终获得三株具有较强氨氮降解能力的细菌,包括两株嗜温菌株和一株嗜热菌株,通过形态学观察和16 S rDNA序列同源性分析,确定3个菌株分别为成团泛菌、努比卤地无氧芽孢杆菌和产气肠杆菌,三株细菌72h降解氨氮的能力分别为46.1%、32.2%和44.7%。由三株细菌复配制备的复合菌剂能够降低鸡粪堆肥氨气释放量。获得的菌株不但可用于堆肥过程氨气的脱除,也可以应用于除臭滤塔、除臭室,具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

2.
嗜热除臭型发酵菌剂筛选及其在鸡粪堆肥发酵中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
从新鲜鸡粪中分离出48株发酵菌,筛选获得嗜热性较强、感官除臭力较好的芽孢杆菌Y1株、酵母菌J2株和放线菌F1株。通过实验室除臭试验验证,这3株单菌均能耐55℃的高温,且对氨气和硫化氢有明显的抑制释放能力,3株菌按1∶1∶1体积复合,0.1%的剂量添加,效果更显著。利用以上筛选获得的复合发酵菌剂进一步开展对鸡粪的堆肥发酵试验,结果显示,加复合菌的堆肥温度上升较快,至第9天可上升至65℃,且55℃以上高温可维持近1周。堆肥21 d结束,物料呈暗褐色、粉状,含水率由原来的85%下降至20%,总氮含量和种子发芽指数也明显高于不接菌对照组。结果表明,获得的复合发酵菌剂具有较好的嗜热除臭和固氮性能,可作为规模化鸡场的鸡粪堆肥发酵助剂。  相似文献   

3.
李彪  熊焰 《家畜生态》2008,29(1):74-76
用感官法初筛出20株菌株,再通过定性复筛试验,最后从猪粪便中共分离出5株除臭微生物,都具有很强的除臭效果,其中假单孢菌属(ZY-1)氨气的去除率高达47.70%,巴氏芽孢杆菌(WJ-2)硫化氢的去除率高达62.5%,显示出这类细菌在猪场粪便的处理过程中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

4.
猪粪中除臭微生物的筛选和鉴定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
用感官法初筛出20株菌株,再通过定性复筛试验,最后从猪粪便中共分离出5株除臭微生物,都具有很强的除臭效果,其中假单孢菌属(ZY-1)氨气的去除率高达47.70%,巴氏芽孢杆菌(WJ-2)硫化氢的去除率高达62.5%,显示出这类细菌在猪场粪便的处理过程中具有良好的应用前景.  相似文献   

5.
为探索治理畜禽粪便所产生恶臭气体对环境污染的新途径,本研究将筛选的数株高效除臭菌和纤维素分解菌群优化组合后制备成复合微生物除臭剂,研究其对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中的除臭效果和对堆肥物料特性的影响,定量分析不同阶段氮元素和硫元素的动态转化和损失途径,初步探讨其除臭机理。结果表明,复合微生物除臭剂具有高效除臭功能,在堆肥的前20 d对氨气和硫化氢的去除率高达70%和60%以上,同时使堆肥的pH、含水率和C/N降低,堆体的温度上升时间加快,高温持续时间延长;猪粪和鸡粪在堆肥第25和20天堆体温度达到最高,高于50 ℃持续15和20 d。堆肥结束时,与自然堆肥相比,微生物除臭剂减少了猪粪和鸡粪堆肥中25.84%和28.65%的氮元素损失,全氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO3--N)含量显著高于自然堆肥(P<0.05);同时促进硫元素向无机硫(SO42-)形式转化, SO42- 含量显著高于自然堆肥(P<0.05)。表明该微生物除臭剂具有高效稳定的除臭作用,并能减少堆肥肥效损失,促进堆肥腐熟,在资源化、无害化处理畜牧业废弃物和治理环境污染方面具有较大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

6.
鸡粪用酒糟发酵除臭后饲喂育肥牛试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
国内外大量试验和生产实践证明,鸡粪是一种来源广、潜力大、成本低的蛋白质饲料资源。但未经发酵除臭处理的鸡粪,由于适口性差,因而会影响畜禽的采食量和饲料的利用率;同时,鸡粪的除臭效果又关系到畜禽生长发育过程中营养代谢需要。为了消除鸡粪臭气对环境的污染,进一步提高鸡粪的适口性和饲用价值,我们在本市相公镇进行了鸡粪用酒糟发酵除臭后饲喂当地育肥牛的试验。 材料与方法  相似文献   

7.
使用膨化鸡粪饲喂产蛋鸡,进行了60 d的饲喂试验.结果表明,将膨化鸡粪按4%、6%和8%的添加量用来加工全价配合饲料喂产蛋鸡,其产蛋量、蛋重、耗料和体重变化与对照组相比无明显差异,其经济效益尤以4%的添加量最佳,且鸡粪通过膨化处理,灭菌除臭,对改善鸡场卫生环境极为有利.  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在从鹅粪便中分离纤维素分解菌用于动物微生态制剂、生物堆肥及生物除臭剂的研究。试验采用刚果红染色法和摇瓶发酵法从鹅粪便中分离筛选出能高效降解纤维素的细菌,并用革兰氏染色法和16S rRNA基因比对法对其进行鉴定,然后研究该菌的耐热、抑菌及除臭特性。结果表明:从鹅粪便中分离到了1株D/d值为4.8(即透明圈直径为2.4 cm、菌落直径为0.5 cm)以及羧甲基纤维素酶活为0.37 U/mL的纤维素分解菌;经鉴定,该菌为芽孢杆菌属的甲基营养型芽孢杆菌,命名为Bacillus methylotrophicus G-6;该菌耐高温,在75℃时其存活率达到80%以上,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有一定抑制作用,对鸡粪中H2S和NH3的去除率分别达到57.81%和29.26%。  相似文献   

9.
目前，国内外大量的科学试验和生产实践证明，鸡粪是一种来源广、成本低的蛋白质饲料资源。但未经发酵除臭的鲜鸡粪不好用，因此，鸡粪的除臭效果直接关系到畜禽的利用问题。鉴于目前众多鸡粪除臭方法中，尚未见到用酒糟发酵除臭处理的研究报导，笔者于１９９４年３月４日，在本市奶牛基地高官寨乡进行了鸡粪酒糟发酵除臭料（以下简称除臭料）代替部分精料饲喂泌乳奶牛的饲喂对比试验，并获得了可喜的结果，现将试验情况报告如下：１材料与方法１．１试验材料１．１．且除臭料的制备将取自市种鸡场的鲜鸡粪，清除粪中的毛和其它杂物后，按比…  相似文献   

10.
试验选择576只43周龄健康的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1、2、3组在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%、0.4%、0.6%的酵素菌制剂。于试验8周龄末,采集粪样测定鸡粪中臭气化合物的排出量,评价酵素菌制剂在蛋鸡生产上的除臭效果。结果表明:处理1鸡粪中总有机酸含量、挥发酸含量分别比对照组降低4.48个滴定单位/10g、71.70%(P0.05);处理1、2、3粪中挥发性盐基氮含量分别比对照组降低13.45%、20.39%和25.25%(P0.05);粪中吲哚和粪臭素的含量随酵素菌制剂添加量的增多而降低(P0.05);而处理2和处理3粪中粪臭素含量、粪氨含量比对照组均有显著降低(P0.05)。试验表明,酵素菌制剂能够有效减少鸡粪中臭味物质的排出量,其适宜添加量为0.4%。  相似文献   

11.
Six hundred and sixty one samples – primarily fresh chicken faeces – were processed to isolate wild type Campylobacter jejuni bacteriophages, via overlay agar methods using C. jejuni NCTC 12662. The aims of this study were to isolate and purify bacteriophages and then test for their ability to lyse field strains of C. jejuni in vitro. Of all samples processed, 130 were positive for bacteriophages. A distinct difference was observed between samples from different poultry enterprises. No bacteriophages could be isolated from indoor broilers. The majority of bacteriophages were isolated from free range poultry – both broilers and egg layers. Bacteriophages were purified and then selected for characterization based on their ability to produce clear lysis on plaque assay, as opposed to turbid plaques. Two hundred and forty one C. jejuni field isolates were tested for sensitivity to the bacteriophages. Lysis was graded subjectively and any minimal lysis was excluded. Using this system, 59.0% of the C. jejuni isolates showed significant sensitivity to at least one bacteriophage. The sensitivity to individual bacteriophages ranged from 10.0% to 32.5% of the C. jejuni isolates. Five bacteriophages were examined by electron microscopy and determined to belong to the Myoviridae family. The physical size, predicted genetic composition and genome size of the bacteriophages correlated well with other reported Campylobacter bacteriophages. The reasons for the observed difference between indoor broilers and free range poultry is unknown, but are postulated to be due to differences in the Campylobacter population in birds under different rearing conditions.  相似文献   

12.
本研究从疑似牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)感染牛的分泌物与排泄物中分离鉴定1株牛病毒性腹泻病毒,并进行E2基因序列分析。结果表明,分离株病毒命名为JN株;Reed-Muench法测定分离株病毒TCID50为10-7.5/0.1 mL;病毒中和试验结果表明,BVDV JN分离株可被BVDV阳性血清特异性中和,而不能被BVDV阴性血清中和;分离株病毒E2基因序列测序结果表明,该分离毒株属于BVDVⅠa亚型。  相似文献   

13.
Previous studies have applied various concentrations of aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride separately to poultry litter to reduce environmental pollution and increase chicken productivity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of using a blend of these 2 chemicals under 5 different treatments: control (no addition), 50 + 50, 25 + 50, 50 + 25, and 25 + 25 g/kg of litter, which consisted of fresh chicken manure (1 kg) and sawdust (4 kg) thoroughly mixed in a 70 × 47 × 43 cm box. NH3 and CO2 volatilizations, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and moisture content of the poultry litter were assessed weekly up to 6 wk and in the case of total and water-soluble nutrients they were assessed after 1 and 42 d. The control treatment had higher NH3 and CO2 volatilizations than the treated litter throughout the experiment. EC and pH showed an inverse relationship, whereby the control treatment had high pH and low EC values and the treated litter had low pH and high EC values. After 42 d, nitrogen levels were significantly reduced in the control treatment, whereas the 50 + 50 g/kg treatment had the highest content. Conversely, water-soluble phosphorus levels were much lower in the treated poultry litter after 1 and 42 d. A higher ferric chloride concentration (25 + 50 g/kg) in the blend was more effective than a higher aluminum sulfate concentration (50 + 25 g/kg). These findings demonstrate that a combination of aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride may be a useful amendment for reducing NH3 and CO2 volatilizations, pH, and moisture content of poultry litter, which will help in improving poultry productivity, pollution control, and poultry litter fertilizer usage.  相似文献   

14.
Ammonia volatilization from poultry manure contributes to atmospheric N pollution, negatively affects poultry performance, and decreases the fertilizer value of manure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alum [Al2(SO4)3·14H2 O], liquid alum, high acid alum (A7), aluminum chloride (AlCl3·6H2 O), fly ash, Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT), and Poultry Guard (PG) litter amendments on NH3 volatilization and N contents in litter. Two laboratory studies were conducted for 42 d each. The treatments in experiment 1, which were mixed in the upper 1 cm of litter, were 4 g of alum, 8 g of alum, 8.66 g of liquid alum, 17.3 g of liquid alum, 11.2 g of A7, 22.4 g of A7, 4 g of PG, 4 g of PLT, 4 g of fly ash, and 4 g of AlCl3/100 g of litter. The treatments for experiment 2 were identical to experiment 1, except the fly ash treatment was dropped and an additional 4 g of alum/100 g of litter treatment was added, which was incorporated totally within the litter. The various rates of dry alum, liquid alum, and A7 significantly decreased NH3 volatilization compared with the controls, with reductions ranging from 77 to 96% for experiment 1 and from 78 to 96% for experiment 2, respectively. Poultry Litter Treatment decreased NH3 volatilization by 76 and 87% for experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Aluminum chloride decreased NH3 volatilization by 48 and 92% for experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Litter treated with alum, liquid alum, A7, PLT, and AlCl3 had a lower pH and a greater N content than the controls in experiment 1 and 2. In contrast, PG and fly ash resulted in a greater pH and were ineffective in decreasing NH3 volatilization and increasing N contents in experiment 1. However, in experiment 2, PG was effective in reducting NH3 loss. In this study, the decreased NH3 volatilization was chiefly associated with reduction in litter pH.  相似文献   

15.
Poultry are normally reared on bedding materials such as wood shavings or rice hulls. Poultry litter reuse for multiple flocks has become economically important in modern broiler production. However, this practice results in the litter serving as a reservoir of numerous microbial organisms, including, yeasts, molds, multiple types of viruses, and bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Escherichia, Campylobacter, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas. The foodborne pathogens are of particular importance for poultry producers. During the preharvest feed withdrawal period, consumption of contaminated litter and feces by the birds can lead to infection of the upper gastrointestinal tract with Salmonella, which presents substantial problems at processing. The current study was conducted to determine whether the use of a liquid bacterial product (LBP), such as LT1000, could reduce the load of Salmonella Typhimurium in poultry manure. The LBP was added to sterile poultry manure then challenged with 108 cfu/mL of Salmonella Typhimurium. The concentration of Salmonella Typhimurium was measured over 9 d or until the Salmonella Typhimurium was no longer detected. In 91% of the trials, Salmonella Typhimurium was completely eliminated within 9 d. This demonstrates that the LBP used in the current study has the potential to substantially improve the overall microbiological safety of used poultry litter.  相似文献   

16.
Greater understanding of the mechanisms affecting NH3 volatilization from reused broiler bedding is needed to determine pathways for mitigating NH3 emissions. A chamber acid trap (CAT) system was developed to provide an improved laboratory method for determining NH3 volatilization from litter or cake samples and for assessing treatment technologies to decrease NH3 losses from poultry litter. The CAT system offers precision control of air flow rate through sample chambers as well as straightforward, precise determination of the amount of N volatilized. This article outlines the basic setup of the CAT system. The system can be utilized and modified for researching specific mechanisms involving physical, chemical, or biological treatments affecting NH3 volatilization from litter or cake.  相似文献   

17.
High NH3 concentrations in broiler and turkey houses can adversely affect bird performance and the environment when exhausted into the atmosphere. Acidifying amendments have been used in poultry houses to reduce NH3 levels, but the acidifiers are caustic and may not be effective for the entire growout of 8 to 9 wk. In this 45-d study, the effect of a metabolic stimulant (biostimulant), Bio-Kat, on exhaust NH3 concentrations from chambers containing broiler litter (supplemented daily with layer manure slurry) was evaluated. Average NH3 concentration in the exhaust air from the chambers containing Bio-Kat-treated litter was reduced by 61% compared with untreated litter. Also, ammoniacal-N concentration in the Bio-Kat-treated litter was double that of untreated litter at the end of the study. The Bio-Kat amendment was most effective during the first 10 to 12 d, and its efficacy decreased over time. Additional work is required to evaluate the more concentrated formulation (for duration of effectiveness and application rate) and identify the proper method of application (i.e., incorporation vs. broadcasting on the surface).  相似文献   

18.
This study was undertaken to identify and characterize amino acid substitutions in gyrA and parC related with quinolone resistance of 27 nalidixic acid-resistant (NaR) Salmonella isolates collected in poultry slaughterhouses in Korea. A total of 51 Salmonella isolates were detected from 44.8% (47/105) of the total samples from 15 poultry slaughterhouses examined, among which 27 (52.9%) NaR isolates were detected while ciprofloxacin (Cip) resistance was not present in the isolates. These 27 NaR isolates of DNA sequencing revealed that it contained three types of gyrA mutations in only D87 codon. Mutations in the D87 codon resulted in substitutions to G in most of the isolates, but D87Y and D87N exchanges were also detected. Although Cip resistance was absent, reduced susceptibility characterized by mutations in gyrA was apparent among Salmonella isolates from poultry slaughterhouses in Korea.  相似文献   

19.
鸡粪发酵优势菌的筛选及其发酵效果的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
试验对两种酵母菌热带假丝酵母、白地霉和两种霉菌米曲霉、五通桥毛霉进行纯化培养,将分离纯化后的目标菌在实验室条件下测定其对固体发酵培养基的发酵效果。结果表明白地霉和米曲霉能够很好地利用鸡粪中的各种不同形态的氮,是对鸡粪进行发酵处理试验的理想菌种。利用选出的两株优势菌进行扩大发酵生产鸡粪饲料并进行饲养试验,试验结果统计分析表明日增重在添加鸡粪饲料为5%、10%、15%的日粮和对照组之间差异不显著,但15%组的日增重比对照组增加10.61%,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。因此对一定生长阶段的猪,只要满足其各种营养成分的需要,用15%的发酵鸡粪饲料可以替代部分常规饲料原料。  相似文献   

20.
Salmonellosis represents an important public health concern. Several authors point out the inefficiency of the cleaning and disinfection protocols to remove the bacteria from the field. For this reason, innovative techniques, as bacteriophages, could be implemented to control the bacteria. The main objectives of this study were to assess the effect of bacteriophages against Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis on farm surfaces, and to evaluate bacteriophage procedure application as sanitiser against Salmonella in field conditions. Thus, most prevalent serovars in poultry production were selected (Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis) to contaminate farm facilities. Then, two specific bacteriophages isolated from poultry faeces were applied against them. Results showed Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis decreased of 4.55 log10CFU/mL and 3.85 log10CFU/mL, respectively; the maximum reduction in Salmonella was the 5th day, after 108 PFU/mL and 103 PFU/mL bacteriophage application. These results highlight bacteriophages as a promising tool together with cleaning and disinfection.  相似文献   

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