共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
CB与6-DMAP诱导香港牡蛎三倍体的效果比较 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以三倍体率、卵裂率、D幼率、生产成本等为指标,比较了CB、6-DMAP两种化学试剂诱导香港牡蛎三倍体的效果,研究了试剂浓度、诱导时机、诱导持续时间及受精卵密度等4种因素对香港牡蛎三倍体的诱导效应。结果显示,在温度28~30°C、盐度15~25,受精卵密度为2.0×10~8个/L条件下,采用0.5 mg/L的CB在受精后15~18 min处理,诱导持续时间为20 min,可产生100%三倍体;合子的卵裂率为53.16%~63.00%,D形幼虫孵化率为47.32%~53.09%,诱导效率指数为0.47~0.53,生产成本为260元/L。相同条件下,采用浓度为75~100 mg/L的6-DMAP处理,诱导持续时间为20~25 min,受精卵处理密度4.5×10~7个/L,可产生62.52%~72.36%的三倍体;合子的卵裂率为60.00%~66.25%,D形幼虫孵化率为74.43%~90.00%,诱导效率指数为0.47~0.65,生产成本为139~185元/L。综合比较两种方法,6-DMAP诱导方法更加适合用于大规模的香港牡蛎三倍体苗种生产。本研究为香港牡蛎多倍体育种提供了研究数据与实践经验。 相似文献
2.
通过低渗方法抑制受精卵第二极体(PB2)的释放,诱导太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)三倍体.在水温为23～25℃的条件下,分别采用不同低渗海水(盐度分别为4、6、8、10、12、14、16),在不同处理时机,即第1个第一极体(PB1)出现、30%的PB1出现、40%的PB1出现、50%的PB1出现以及第1个第二极体(PB2)出现时,对太平洋牡蛎受精卵进行10 min、15 min、20 min、25 min持续处理.处理后,于正常盐度海水中孵化,收集D形幼虫,通过流式细胞仪进行倍性测定,确定最佳诱导条件.结果表明,当太平洋牡蛎受精卵PB1出现40%时,在盐度为8的低渗海水中,持续处理15 min,得到最高三倍体诱导率为(89.16±1.39)%.与对照组相比,低渗诱导获得的三倍体幼虫表现出明显的生长优势.将低渗方法同高温(32℃)、低温(2℃)和6-DMAP(450μmo1/L)处理等多倍体诱导方法进行比较,结果显示,低渗组的卵裂率和孵化率显著高于高温、低温和6-DMAP诱导的太平洋牡蛎三倍体(P＜0.05).6-DMAP诱导的三倍体率虽略高于低渗诱导,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).通过综合评价指数(Ie)比较,认为低渗诱导多倍体的方法比高温、低温和6-DMAP诱导具有明显的优势. 相似文献
3.
扇贝异源三倍体诱导 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
荧光显微观察表明,20℃水温下,栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)的卵与海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)的精子可以正常受精和发育,具备人工诱导三倍体的可行性.亲贝充分促熟后,分开催产,以20:1的精卵比授精;在50%的受精卵排出第1极体时,以60mg/L 6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)处理受精卵10～25 min,可诱导75.23%～92.14%的三倍体;6-DMAP处理15 min综合诱导效果最好,三倍体诱导率可达88.56%,孵化率可达53.52%.得到的三倍体幼虫经基因组原位杂交(Genomicin situ hybridization,GISH)验证,为含有2套栉孔扇贝染色体组和1套海湾扇贝染色体组的异源三倍体.孵化后诱导组与杂交对照组(未经6-DMAP处理)幼虫生长越来越缓慢,受精后14 d其幼虫存活率分别下降到0.000 67%和0.002 24%,没有幼虫度过附着变态期.GISH分析显示,栉孔扇贝与海湾扇贝不同倍性的杂种后代早在担轮幼虫阶段就出现母本偏向性染色体转变. 相似文献
4.
6_二甲基氨基嘌呤诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体_抑制受精卵第一极体释放 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于 1996～ 1997年 ,用 6-二甲基氨基嘌呤 ( 6-DMAP)抑制受精卵第一极体的释放 ,诱导太平洋牡蛎产生三倍体。选用L16( 45)设计 ,进行三因素四水平的正交试验 :6-DMAP浓度 ,设15 0、30 0、45 0和 60 0μmol/L ;诱导时机 (即精卵混合后的时间 ) ,设 10、15、2 0和 2 5min ;诱导持续时间 ,设 10、15、2 0和 2 5min。试验平行重复二次。结果为最高三倍体诱导率为 ( 71.3± 1.2 ) % ,该实验组胚胎孵化率为 ( 5 5 .5± 3.1) % ,D形幼虫畸形率为 ( 10 .7± 1.6) %。根据直观分析结果 ,得出诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体各因素的最优水平组合 :水温 2 5～ 2 5 .5℃ ,精卵混合 10min时 ,将受精卵浸泡在含 6-DMAP 60 0μmol/L的海水中 15min ;决定三倍体产生的三因素的主次顺序 :6-DMAP浓度→诱导时机→诱导持续时间。 6-DMAP浓度对三倍体诱导率影响显著 ,但诱导时机和诱导持续时间不显著。 相似文献
5.
用细胞松弛素B（CB）处理九孔鲍♂×盘鲍♀受精卵,分别抑制其第一极体和第二极体、以及第二极体释放诱导异源三倍体。水温24℃,九孔鲍♂×盘鲍♀授精后10min,用浓度0.6～1.0mg/L的CB持续处理受精卵20～25min,抑制其第一极体的排放。而九孔鲍♂×盘鲍♀在受精后27min,当40%～50%受精卵排出第一极体时,用浓度0.6～1.0mg/L的CB持续处理受精卵10～15min,分别统计对照组和药物处理组的担轮幼虫率,并用倍体分析仪检测各组稚鲍的倍性。结果表明：对照组和药物处理组担轮幼虫的倍性较复杂,起始处理时间为10min,CB药物处理浓度为0.6mg/L,持续处理时间为25min,其三倍体率可达40.67%,担轮幼虫的孵化率为26.44%。起始处理时间为27min,CB药物处理浓度0.6mg/L,处理持续时间为10min,其三倍体率可达48.11%,担轮幼虫率的孵化率为29.86%。 相似文献
6.
6-二甲基氨基嘌呤诱导泥蚶三倍体实验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2001年5月,用6-DMAP抑制泥蚶受精卵第二极体的释放诱导三倍体的产生。实验设三个6-DMAP浓度梯度,分别为300μmol/L、450μmol/L、600μmol/L,处理时机为受精卵第一极排放体30％,处理持续时间为10min。结果:三倍体诱导率300μmol/L时为35.5％,450μmol/L时为48.6％,600μmol/L时约为58.5％,另外本实验还就6-DMAP浓度对D形幼虫孵化率和畸形率的影响以及在染色体制片过程中的有关问题进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
7.
太平洋牡蛎 (Ｃｒａｓｓｏｓｔｒｅａｇｉｇａｓ)三倍体Ｄ形幼虫及其后阶段的生长和存活方面的研究已有较多报道[1～ 4 ] ,但有关牡蛎三倍体各诱导因素对孵化率和Ｄ形幼虫畸形率的研究尚少见报道。我们于 1 996～ 1 997年度 ,在进行 6 -ＤＭＡＰ诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体的同时 ,开展了这方面的研究 ,旨在为三倍体诱导的技术储备提供必要补充1 材料与方法1 .1 实验材料太平洋牡蛎取自荣城市桑沟湾海区 ;壳长 (9.6± 1 .3)ｃｍ ;肉眼观察 ,性腺发育良好。6 -二甲基氨基嘌呤 (6 -Ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌａｍｉｎｏｐｕｒｉｎｅ,本文简称6 -ＤＭＡＰ)的… 相似文献
8.
三倍体九孔鲍的育种和养成技术研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
当 5 0 %九孔鲍受精卵出现第一极体后 ,以 6 -DMAP为诱导剂 ,用不同的浓度和不同的持续时间抑制第二极体的释放诱导三倍体 ;并进行了生产性苗种培育和养成试验。结果表明 ,6 -DMAP的诱导浓度为30 0μmol·dm-3 、诱导持续时间为 10min时 ,其胚胎的三倍体率为 90 %以上 ,并且胚胎的孵化率高达 85 % ,幼体的畸形率较低 ,为 5 0 %～ 5 5 % ;经过 7个月培育 ,试验组养成鲍的三倍体率为 6 5 %以上 ;试验组养成鲍的平均壳长比对照组增长 10 % ,平均体重比对照组增重 30 %。与二倍体鲍相比较 ,三倍体鲍在壳长增长和体重增重等方面 ,显示了显著的优势 [t>t0 .0 1( 58) ]。 相似文献
9.
以卵裂率、D形幼虫发生率、三倍体率等为指标,比较了高盐、低温及咖啡因诱导香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)三倍体幼虫的效果,同时也分析了诱导因子强度(或浓度)、持续时间、受精卵密度及受精后开始处理时间对诱导效果的影响。结果表明,高盐诱导三倍体的最适条件组合是在卵子密度1.0×107个/L的情况下受精后15 min,用盐度40的海水持续处理10 min,此时卵裂率为(39.60±2.14)%, D形幼虫发生率为(31.46±1.06)%,三倍体率可以达到(59.53±5.90)%;低温诱导三倍体的最适条件组合是密度为2.0×10~7个/L的卵子在受精后15 min,用10℃海水持续处理10 min,此时卵裂率为(21.00±4.90)%, D形幼虫发生率为(12.68±1.21)%,三倍体率为(51.09±2.67)%;咖啡因诱导三倍体的最适条件组合是卵子密度为1.0×10~8个/L,用咖啡因终浓度2.0g/L的海水在受精后15min,持续处理20 min,卵裂率为(85.46±4.78)%, D形幼虫发生率为(71.79±3.92)%,三倍体率可以达到(56.36±2.07)%。最适诱导条件下,咖啡因的诱导效率指数0.405高于高盐处理0.187、低温处理0.065。高盐及低温处理方法诱导出的幼虫三倍体率随生长降低极快且存活率低于咖啡因诱导方法,说明3种方法中咖啡因可能更适合用于香港牡蛎三倍体幼虫的诱导。本研究为香港牡蛎三倍体育种提供了基础数据和实践经验。 相似文献
10.
6-二甲基氨基嘌呤诱导扇贝异源三倍体 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用 6 二甲基氨基嘌呤处理栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂受精卵 ,抑制第二极体释放诱导异源三倍体。水温 17℃下 ,分别进行了不同起始处理时间 (受精后 2 0～ 4 0min)、不同药物处理浓度 (4 0～ 80mg/L)和不同持续处理时间 (5～ 2 0min)的实验。起始处理时间实验以受精后 35min开始处理效果最好 ,三倍体率为 5 1 8% ,D形幼虫成活率可达 78% ;药物处理浓度和持续处理时间最佳组合为 6 0～ 70mg/L 6 DMAP处理 2 0min ,三倍体率可达 5 9 6 5 % ,D形幼虫成活率为 2 2 0 5 %。综合考虑 ,诱导扇贝异源三倍体的适宜参数为 :当 5 0 %受精卵排出第一极体时 ,以 6 0～ 70mg/L 6 DMAP处理 2 0min。 相似文献
11.
Effect of three triploidy induction methods on the growth and survival of larvae and post‐larvae of the Caribbean scallop Argopecten nucleus 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Argopecten nucleus is a small scallop from the Caribbean Sea and a relatively new species for aquaculture. One of the key challenges to develop the farming operations for this species from the current pilot scale to commercial level is to improve its harvest size. In this study, we tested three different methods for triploidy induction. Additionally, the effect of these protocols on survival, developmental rate and size of larvae and post‐larvae were assessed. Three different mechanisms to stimulate the inhibition of the release of the second polar body were tested; (1) cold shock (18°C); (2) 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP); (3) cytochalasin B (CB) and (4) dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). The treatment with 6‐DMAP yielded the highest percentage of triploid larvae (39%). The survival and development rate, however, were higher in non‐treated larvae (control) than in the treatment groups. Interestingly, larvae from CB and the DMSO control groups exhibited lower growth rates in length than those from control and the other two treatments. No influence of the triploidy induction treatments was observed on post‐larvae survival, but the size of post‐larvae was larger for the cold shock treatment and DMSO control group. Our results indicate that the use of 6‐DMAP has the greatest potential to produce triploid larvae of A. nucleus without affecting negatively growth and survival of post‐larvae. 相似文献
12.
Triploid induction in Australian greenlip abalone, Haliotis laevigata (Donovan), was conducted by blocking the formation of the second polar body using cytochalasin B (CB). Twenty minutes after fertilization, the zygotes of greenlip abalone were treated with four CB concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg L−1) for 10, 15 and 20 min. The ploidy of resultant larvae was determined using flow cytometry at 72-h post fertilization. Our study showed that fertilization, hatching, survival and induced triploidy of abalone larvae were significantly affected by the CB concentration and treatment duration. The effective range of CB concentration for triploid induction on greenlip abalone was 0.5–0.75 mg L−1 with an induction duration of 10–15 min. The results indicate that the most effective treatment combination for triploid induction in greenlip abalone is 0.5 mg CB L−1 for 15 min starting at 20-min post fertilization. 相似文献
13.
合浦珠母贝三倍体的卵诱导四倍体 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
将合浦珠母贝三倍体的卵与二倍体的精子授精,用０．５μｇ／ｍＬ细胞松弛素Ｂ抑制精卵第一极体的释放诱导四倍体。研究了处理起始时间及持续时间对胚胎孵化率和四倍体诱导率的影响及幼虫的生长及存活。实验结果表明：持续时间与胚胎孵化率呈负相关,而与四倍体诱导率呈正相关,持续时间一般为１５￣１８ｍｉｎ,处理起始时间一般在第一极体出现前３￣５ｍｉｎ。在胚胎期,四倍体诱导率平均为２０％。在幼虫培养阶段,幼虫死亡严重, 相似文献
14.
Naturally spawned Sydney rock oysters Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale and Roughley),were used to determine the appropriate stage of development for inducing triploidy and to compare the effectiveness of cytochalasin B (CB) and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) in dose-optimization trials. Induction should commence at 50% first polar body (PB1) extrusion in eggs (approximately 17-19 min post-fertilization at 25oC). By day 5 the highest triploidy percentage and yield (number of triploid larvae per 100 fertilized eggs) were achieved in the ranges of 0.75-1.5 mg CB 1-1 (1.6-3.1 μm CB)or 200-400 μm 6-DMAP (32.6-65.3 mg 6-DMAP l-1). However, CB treatment resulted in greater survival and triploidy percentage than 6-DMAP in Sydney rock oysters. 相似文献
15.
A. GERARD Y. NACIRI C. NOIRET C. LEDU J.-M. PEIGNON P. PHELIPOT 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(8):769-779
Abstract. For the first time, effective treatments using cytochalasin B were developed to induce triploidy in the European clam, Ruditapes decussatus (L.). The percentage of triploid embryos was assessed by karyological or image analysis. Two treatments (0·5 or 1 mg of cytochatasin B (CB) per ml of dimethyisulfoxide in 1 litre of sea water) were applied at different times after fertilization (10 to 25min), for two different periods (15 and 20min). Best results were obtained for a CB concentration of 1 mg/1. When treatment was applied 15min after fertilization for a 20min period, 94% and 95% of triploid embyros were obtained in two repeated experiments. At metamorphosis, the treated larvae appeared to be no smaller than the control larvae in all experiments. However, in general, significantly higher mortalities for CB-treated batches were found when compared with the untreated batch. 相似文献
16.
The triploid technology is a new frontier in shellfish aquaculture and has shown encouraging results in numerous shellfish species. We induced triploid larvae in the Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, using hyperosmotic shock for the first time in this study. Different induction parameters, including salinity strength, treatment starting point, and the duration, were tested. The highest triploid ratio of D‐shaped larvae (72.12%) was obtained by 60 ppt salinity treatment for 20 min at the first appearance of zygote showing polar body II (PB2). A significantly faster growth rate was observed during the swimming larvae stage despite a decrease in the hatching and survival ratios. The triploid ratio decreased to 46.67%, and approximately 1.76 million triploid juveniles were harvested after 90 days of cultivation. The treatment parameters can be further optimized to improve the yield of Yesso scallop triploids. 相似文献
17.
An investigation into triploidy induction in the South African abalone, Haliotis midae, was conducted. It was found that 0.5 mg l–1 of Cytochalasin B (CB) in seawater induced triploidy when administered to coincide with the normal timing of the release of either polar body one (PB1) or two (PB2). This concentration of CB produced 70.9% triploid induction in the PB2 treatment and 48.4% induction at PB1. Significant numbers of tetraploid larvae were found in the PB1 treatment. These resulted from the presence of excess sperm (polyspermy) but only when CB was present. Although larval survival after triploid induction was lower than the control animals, it was considered high enough for use in commercial hatcheries. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
18.
6—DMAP诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体——抑制受精卵第二极体释放↑（*） 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：21
于１９９６～１９９７年,用６－ＤＭＡＰ抑制太平洋牡蛎受精卵第二极体的释放,诱导产生三倍体,最高诱导率为９３．８％。该实验组胚胎孵化率为８１．０％,Ｄ形幼虫畸形率为１７．６％。实验选用Ｌ９（３４）设计,进行三因素三水平的正交试验：６－ＤＭＡＰ浓度,设３００、４５０和６００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ等三水平;诱导时机（观察静止状态的受精卵,以受精卵出现第一极体的百分率指示）,设１０％、３０％和５０％等三水平;诱导持续时间,设１０、１５和２０ｍｉｎ等三水平,试验设三次重复。解剖法获取精卵,人工授精。染色体倍性检查采用染色体计数法。根据正交试验直观分析结果,得出诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体各因素的最优水平组合：当３０％受精卵出现第一极体时,将受精卵浸泡在含６－ＤＭＡＰ４５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的海水中１０ｍｉｎ;三因素的主次顺序：６－ＤＭＡＰ浓度→诱导时机→诱导持续时间。６－ＤＭＡＰ的浓度和诱导时机对三倍体诱导率的影响显著;但诱导持续时间影响不显著。部分试验组得到４．２％～１３．６％的四倍体和１０％左右的非整倍体,这种情况可能与受精不同步抑制第一极体释放而导致的染色体多极分离有关。 相似文献
19.
Hirla Fukushima Jhon Edison Jimenez Marcos Weingartner 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):147-156
The performance (growth and survival) of diploid and triploid jundia, Rhamdia quelen, was evaluated at six different stocking densities (10, 60, 110, 160, 210, 260 larvae/liter) during 31 days after rearing in an intensive larviculture system. Triploid fish exhibited a significantly higher survival rate than diploids at all stocking densities (27.1 ± 4.3% vs. 12.1 ± 3.3%; P < 0.01). Survival was not affected by stocking density (P > 0.05). Length gain was not affected by either ploidy or stocking density. Diploid fish gained more weight than triploids (P < 0.05), though this difference could result from lower fish densities in diploid treatments resulting from the higher mortality rate of diploid fish. This hypothesis is strengthened by the higher biomass present in triploid treatments (P < 0.01). 相似文献