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1.
根据北京市密云县红门川小流域1990—2006年的水文资料,在统计分析降水、径流、蒸发年际变化特征的基础上,利用1990年、1995年、2000年和2005年4期遥感影像,采用ArcMAP及Fragstats等景观分析软件,从斑块和景观两个尺度上,分析红门川流域的景观空间格局变化及其与径流的关系。结果表明:（1）红门川小流域的降水、径流多集中在汛期（6—9月）,且年降水量、径流量逐年减少,气候变化是径流减少的主要原因;（2）红门川流域土地利用类型以林地为主,林地约占流域总面积的75%,其中以针叶林最多,阔叶林、混交林次之,灌木林最少,另外水域面积逐年减少,从另一个方面反映了径流量逐年减少;（3）红门川流域景观斑块个数增加,整体景观格局破碎化程度减小,斑块分布趋于均匀,其中斑块平均面积（AREA）、斑块周长（PERIM）、景观形状指数（LSI）、景观聚集度（CONTAG）均呈波动减小的趋势,斑块形状指数（SHAPE）、斑块分维度（FRAC）、Shannon-Wienner多样性指数（SHDI）则是逐年减小;（4）平均斑块周长、景观聚集度与径流变化相关性较强,平均斑块面积、平均分维度与径流变化相关性一般,平均斑块形状指数、景观形状指数、Shannon-Wienner多样性指数与径流变化基本不相关。 相似文献
2.
水蚀风蚀交错区流域景观格局变化及水沙响应关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为揭示土壤侵蚀最为剧烈的水蚀风蚀交错区下垫面景观格局变化对流域降雨产流、侵蚀产沙的影响程度,以水蚀风蚀交错区典型流域西柳沟为研究对象,根据Landsat TM影像数据和流域长系列水沙实测数据资料,借助GIS和Fragstats平台,分析流域景观格局和水沙变化特征,探讨景观指数与径流输沙的关系.结果表明:1)流域优势景观类型为草地,从斑块数量和面积变化率来分析,1985-2010年间耕地、林地和建设用地稳定性最高,其次为未利用土地.未利用土地、草地和耕地的转化最为剧烈,受人类活动影响最大.2)流域年径流量和年输沙量的年际差异显著;同年输沙量相比,径流量的减小趋势变化更为明显;径流泥沙相关关系显著,相关系数为0.67.3)景观指数与径流量、泥沙量呈显著线性相关,其中径流量与最大斑块指数、斑块结合度、聚集度指标和蔓延度指数均呈负相关,而与景观形态指数、景观分割度呈正相关;而泥沙仅与蔓延度指数、聚集度指标和斑块结合度成负相关,与其他景观指数呈正相关.研究结果表明,随着景观最大斑块指数、斑块结合度以及聚集度指数的提高,流域降雨入渗量明显增加,土壤侵蚀量明显减少;因此,提高流域景观最大斑块指数、斑块结合度以及聚集度指数可以增强水蚀风蚀交错区内流域的蓄水保土功能及生态优化作用,研究结果可为流域生态环境建设和水土资源综合利用提供理论支撑. 相似文献
3.
五华河流域景观格局演变对径流泥沙的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据五华河流域1981—2011年逐月的气温、降水、径流量和输沙量数据,以及1991年、2000年和2011年的Landsat TM遥感影像,运用景观格局指数分析方法和统计学方法,从景观水平和斑块类型水平两方面探讨了景观格局演变对径流泥沙的影响。结果表明:景观水平上,景观多样性指数（SEI）和景观边缘密度（ED）与年径流量和年输沙量呈正相关,而景观形状指数（PSCV,AWMSI,AWMPFD）与年径流量、年输沙量、输沙量变差系数呈负相关。类型水平上,林地景观破碎度（PD）和边缘密度（ED）、草地形状指数和边缘密度,建筑用地的斑块破碎度与年径流量、输沙量有明显的正相关关系,而林地斑块形状指数,草地和耕地斑块破碎度,建筑用地边缘密度和形状指数则与年径流量和输沙量呈负相关关系。同时,林地斑块形状指数、草地和耕地斑块破碎度、建筑用地边缘密度和形状指数均与输沙量变差系数存在明显的正相关关系。 相似文献
4.
运用GIS的空间分析和景观生态学的数量分析方法,通过Arcinfo和Fragstats软件,分析了三峡库区龙河流域50 a来的景观格局变化。结果表明:通过对该区斑块类型级别指标的分析,得出耕地的斑块数量从1953年的499个增加到1986年的820个而后又减少到2000年的780个,景观形状指数从1953年的52.72增加到1986年的66.64而后又减少到2000年的64.18;林地和草地的斑块数量1953-1986年增加,1986-2000年减少,破碎度也随之先增大后减小;建设用地斑块数目从1953年的24个增加到2000年的46个,景观形状指数从1953年的6.92增加到2000年的12.18。从流域景观级别上分析得到,流域内的整体斑块密度从1953年的0.56增加到1986年的0.61,而后下降到2000年的0.59,整个流域的形状指数从1953年的45.75持续增加到2000年到50.35,说明人类活动对该区的影响日益增强。 相似文献
5.
[目的] 分析了黄土丘陵沟壑区延河流域景观格局的演变,并对其进行预测及优化,为该区生态环境建设和管理提供理论支撑。[方法] 以延河下游流域的陕西省延长县为例,在分析历年景观格局指数的基础上,使用CA-Markov方法对延长县景观格局演变进行模拟,借鉴人为干扰度分析了景观变化强度及方向,提出分级管控措施,并建立了景观安全格局。[结果] ①2008-2017年延长县景观格局的分离度指数提高了2.1%,最大斑块指数降低了32.4%。②未来10 a林地景观比基年减少18.5%,草地面积提高了13.1%。③研究区极度、中高度、轻度生态恶化区分别占总面积0.3%,23.3%和48.4%。生态安全格局包括9个核心生态节点和21个一般节点。人为干扰度能够表征景观阻力。[结论] 通过实行分级管控和构建景观安全格局,可以有效协调延长县三生空间布局和改善生态环境质量。 相似文献
6.
山东半岛流域面积对果园分布格局的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以烟台市1996年土地利用现状图图斑分类和地面调查为斑块属性引导,在3S技术的支持下,对2002年9月9日的ETM影像进行解译分析,选取果园总面积、斑块数、形状指数和斑块凝聚度等景观指标,对烟台市14个典型流域的果园分布格局进行了分析,揭示了各流域的果园景观的总体特征。结果表明:果园总面积（CA）、斑块数量（NP）和景观形状指数（LSI）与流域面积和流域形状指数的关联程度极为显著（在0.01水平上）,关联系数分别为0.960和0.694。果园景观斑块凝聚度（COHESION）与流域面积的关联程度较显著（在0.05水平上）,关联系数为0.608;果园斑块数量（NP）与流域形状指数的关联程度较显著（在0.05水平上）,关联系数为0.549。各因子与流域面积及流域形状均呈正相关的线性回归关系。 相似文献
7.
基流是干旱区最重要的枯季水文特征之一,在维持河川径流和维护流域生态安全等方面具有重要意义。基于宁夏清水河流域上游1980年、1995年、2000年、2013年四期土地利用数据及原州水文站1984—2014年日径流资料,采用枯季径流分割法进行了基流分割,分析了流域基流、基流指数与景观格局指数之间的相关关系,研究了流域景观格局变化对基流的作用。结果表明:(1)30年中,草地是清水河上游的主导性景观类型。流域景观多样性随时间的推移逐渐增加,整体向好;(2)1984—2014年,清水河上游径流量呈显著减少趋势(p0.01),基流量呈极显著减少趋势(p0.001);(3)景观格局指数与基流量的关系较径流量密切,基流量与面积加权平均形状指数(SHAPEAM)、斑块结合度(COHESION)、最大斑块指数(LPI)、斑块丰富度密度(PRD)、周长—面积分维数(PAFRAC)这5个指标的相关性较高,其中与SHAPE_AM,COHESION,LPI呈显著正相关,与PRD,PAFRAC呈显著负相关。研究结果可为清水河上游流域生态建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
[目的]为了解根河流域湿地时空变化情况,明晰气候变化和土地利用变化对湿地景观格局的影响。[方法]过分析根河流域1990—2019年间的湿地范围变化,再结合期间的气候变化状况来探究流域内湿地景观格局变化的驱动因素。[结果] 30年,根河流域湿地面积减少31.89%,斑块数量增加3.74%,景观破碎度指数增加4.48,流域湿地面积总体退化显著,流域湿地斑块数量总体有所增多。1990—2004年流域湿地呈现出显著退化趋势(p<0.05),湿地面积与年降水量存在显著正相关关系,景观破碎度指数与年降水量存在显著负相关,推断年降水量是导致根河流域湿地景观格局发生显著变化的主要因素;2004—2019年流域湿地退化趋势不显著(p>0.05),年平均气温呈现出不显著上升趋势(p>0.05),景观破碎度指数与年平均气温存在显著负相关,可能是气温升高导致流域内浅层多年冻土融化而将湿地连片,降低期间湿地破碎程度。[结论]究结果对维护根河流域湿地生态系统的多样性与稳定性、促进湿地与非湿地间的协调互融性、保障湿地资源的可持续发展等具有重要的意义。 相似文献
9.
[目的] 探究景观格局演变和地表径流变化的时空相关性,为有效缓解城市内涝,保障城市生态安全提供理论支撑。[方法] 以2000—2019年遥感影像为数据集,提取西安市主城区景观格局空间分布图,结合实际土地利用数据进行修正。利用SCS模型、景观格局指数、ArcGIS和皮尔逊相关性分析方法,研究西安市主城区景观格局动态变化与地表径流变化间的关系。[结果] ①2000—2019年研究区景观格局呈现出高连通高聚集,斑块形状规则化,均质稳定化,景观蔓延度下降等的发展趋势。同期,研究区地表径流深度逐年增加,但径流深度增加量随时间动态变化呈下降趋势,其中2000—2005,2005—2010,2010—2015,2015—2019年分别增加了4.99,4.95,3.55和3.33 mm,说明景观格局对地表径流量的滞留作用逐渐增大。②景观格局指数变化率与地表径流量年增长率呈显著相关性。其中建设用地等人工景观指数变化率和地表径流量年增长率呈显著正相关,相反绿地、耕地、水域等自然景观指数变化率与地表径流量年增长率呈负相关关系。③借助城市生态廊道及生态节点构建内涝防治生态系统,并对城市不透水面高度集中的地区进行拆分,增设城市绿色基础设施,构建源头减排的内涝防治景观格局。[结论] 景观格局演变对地表径流变化具有显著影响,景观格局优化能有效促进城市良性水循环,减缓内涝的发生。 相似文献
10.
[目的]为了探讨艾比湖流域近10a间景观格局及生态安全的动态变化。[方法]运用RS和GIS技术,并结合景观指数和生态弹性度对该流域生态安全进行了综合评价。[结果](1)近10a来,艾比湖流域土地利用变化剧烈,说明景观格局持续受社会经济发展两方面矛盾的巨大压力;(2)2001年斑块个数为2 560个,而2009年增加至3 476个,说明该流域生态环境整体呈破碎化趋势。景观破碎度由2001年的0.054 0增加为2009年的0.073 3,说明其景观趋于不稳定,生态安全性降低;(3)2001—2009年生态弹性度呈"∧"型变化趋势,先由2001年的1.20×107增加为2005年的1.57×107,然后再降为2009年的1.49×107,但总体是趋于增大的趋势。[结论]从整体上综合考虑,2001—2009年艾比湖流域土地利用的景观生态安全度降低。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献