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1.
In dried grape press cake the content of crude nutrients and ash, overall sugar, amino acids, alpha-tocopherol and gross energy was determined. In biological experiments with pigs (total of 109 animals) 10% of mixture A1 or SOL was replaced by the same amount of dried crushed grape press cake, without affecting negatively the weight gains and consumption of mixtures per unit of weight gain. Nutritional effects of grape press cake are a subject of discussion and comprise three factors: higher content of enrgy (fat and sugars) in mixtures containing press cake, anti-oxidation effect of press cake and the effect of tocopherols on the metabolism of basic nutrients. 相似文献
2.
F Sch?ne F Tischendorf M Leiterer H Hartung J Bargholz 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2001,55(4):333-350
Rapeseed press cake (per kg DM 181 g EE, 341 g CP and 23.3 mmol glucosinolates) was tested in a long-term experiment with a total of sixty pigs (live weight range 24 to 104 kg). The 3 x 2 factorial design consisted of three rapeseed press cake levels (no rapeseed press cake--control, 75 g or 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet) each with two iodine dosages (125 or 250 micrograms supplementary iodine per kg diet). Reduced feed intake and depressed weight gain were found in groups receiving 150 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet, which correspond to 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. At an inclusion level of 75 g rapeseed-press cake per kg diet no differences in feed intake and growth intensity were recorded in comparison to the rape feed free control. The rapeseed-press cake diet increased the weight of thyroid gland and liver and decreased the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Higher iodine dosage increased the serum T4 concentration of pigs receiving 75 g rapeseed press cake per kg diet (= 1.6 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet) to the level of the control group and retarded the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Intake of rapeseed products lowered the iodine content of the thyroid gland, however, there was no significant difference between groups given 1.6 and 3.2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet. The vitamin A content of the whole liver and the vitamin A serum concentration were not influenced by the diets tested. However, rapeseed press cake and the glucosinolates, respectively, decreased the vitamin A concentration per gram liver due to the organ enlargement and the resulting dilution effect. 相似文献
3.
An experiment was carried out to establish the effect on the growth of pigs of including blood meal or lysine in diets containing gossypol from cottonseed cake. Forty Landrace x Large White pigs (20 of each sex) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments of 8 pigs each in a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of lysine or two levels of blood meal in the diets plus a control diet. The pigs were fed different diets and slaughtered at 75.0 +/- 2.0 kg live weight for carcase analysis. Supplementing the diets with blood meal resulted in higher live weight gains (p<0.001) and improved feed conversion ratios (p<0.001) than supplementing with lysine. Pigs fed the higher level of cottonseed cake showed a significant (p<0.001) depression in live weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to those fed a low level of the cake. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in intake in the pigs fed diets with cottonseed cake including blood meal or synthetic lysine. The kidney and liver weights of the pigs fed the diets with a higher level of cottonseed cake were significantly greater (p<0.001) than in those fed the lower level, but when the diets containing cottonseed cake were supplemented with blood meal or lysine at the same level there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the weights of these organs. Lysine or other factors derived from blood meal appear to be more efficient than synthetic lysine in reducing the adverse effects of gossypol. 相似文献
4.
Swamy HV Smith TK MacDonald EJ Karrow NA Woodward B Boermans HJ 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(11):2792-2803
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth and immunological parameters of starter pigs. A polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GM polymer, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) was also tested for its efficacy in preventing Fusarium mycotoxicoses. A total of 150 starter pigs (initial weight of 9.3 +/- 1.1 kg) were fed one of five treatment diets (six pens of five pigs per diet) for 21 d. Diets included control, low level of contaminated grains, high level of contaminated grains, high level of contaminated grains + 0.20% GM polymer, and pair-fed control for comparison with pigs receiving the high level of contaminated grains. Feed intake and cumulative weight gain of pigs decreased linearly with the inclusion of contaminated grains in the diet throughout the experiment (P < 0.0001). Weight gains recovered, however, during wk 3 (P > 0.05). There was no difference between the pair-fed group and the pigs fed the diet containing the high level of contaminated grains in terms of weight gain or feed efficiency (P > 0.05). Feeding contaminated grains linearly increased the serum albumin:globulin ratio (P = 0.01), whereas serum urea concentrations and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities responded in a quadratic fashion (P = 0.02). When compared with the pair-fed pigs, serum concentrations of total protein (P = 0.01) and globulin (P = 0.02) were decreased in pigs fed the diet containing the high level of contaminated grains. The feeding of contaminated diets did not significantly alter organ weights expressed as a percentage of BW, serum immunoglobulin concentrations, percentages of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene, or primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (P > 0.05). It was concluded that most of the adverse effects of feeding Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated grains to starter pigs were caused by reduced feed intake. Although supplementation of GM polymer to the contaminated diet prevented some toxin-induced changes in metabolism, it did not prevent the mycotoxin-induced growth depression under the current experimental conditions. 相似文献
5.
F Sch?ne B Groppel G Jahreis W Seffner H Lüdke A Hennig 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1991,41(5):487-499
In the experiment, 2 x 12 growing pigs received 19 or 6.7 mmol glucosinolates + aglucones/kg feed via conventional rapeseed meal (RSM) or RSM of a newly bred variety. These pigs and 24 littermates pair fed with a soya bean meal (SBM) diet were subdivided in groups of 4 animals each. Their diet contained either no supplementary iodine or an iodine supplementation of up to 1 mg/kg feed. In the RSM and SBM groups the lack of additional iodine lowered the serum T4 and T3 content below the detection limit and caused goitre with about 1 mg iodine in the total thyroid. The SBM diet with 0.0625 mg supplementary iodine/kg increased the serum T4 level and reversed the thyroid enlargement but not that of epithelial cells. The hypothyroidism (goitre and serum T4 level approximately 10 nmol/l) still existed in the case of this iodine dosage together with the RSM of the newly bred variety. A serum T4 level comparable to that of the animals fed SBM was only reached by supplementing the low glucosinolate diet with 0.25 mg iodine/kg feed. The iodine content of the thyroid, however, was reduced by 50 per cent. Though thyroid and epithelial cells were enlarged, this enlargement was not so obvious as in animals exposed to higher glucosinolate level. In spite of 1 mg supplementary iodine/kg feed, the feeding of the conventional RSM resulted in a lower serum T4 level a reduced thyroid iodine content and the enlargement of thyroid and that of epithelial cells. Compared to the high glucosinolate RSM, a significantly lower antithyroid effect of the low glucosinolate RSM was found in pigs with iodine supply. The degree of thyroid enlargement and the serum T4 level were the criteria. 相似文献
6.
7.
本试验旨在探究不同饲喂模式对猪生长性能、养分消化率和肠道微生物组成的影响。选择120头平均初始体重(26.0±0.4)kg的生长猪(公、母各半),按体重和性别随机分为自由采食组(FA)和限制饲喂频率组(每天饲喂3次,M3),每个处理10个重复,每个重复6头猪,试验期共28 d。结果表明:M3组平均日采食量和耗料增重比均显著低于FA组(P<0.05);饲喂模式的改变对养分表观全肠道消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);M3组血浆尿素氮和游离脂肪酸水平显著低于FA组(P<0.05),而胰岛素水平显著高于FA组(P<0.05);饲喂模式对猪粪便微生物组成有一定影响,在门水平上,M3组拟杆菌门丰度显著低于FA组(P<0.05),柔膜菌门和疣微菌门丰度显著高于FA组(P<0.05);在属水平上,M3组Prevotellaceae_UCG-003、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010、Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group和Coprostanoligenes_group的丰度显著高于FA组(P <0.05),而Selenomonas、Roseburia、Prevotella_2、Prevotella_7、Prevotella_9、Anaerovibrio和Alloprevotella的丰度显著低于FA组(P<0.05)。综上,饲喂模式对生长猪养分消化率无显著影响,限制饲喂频率可改变肠道微生物组成并改善生长猪饲料报酬。 相似文献
8.
The effect of competition at feeding on specific categories of growing-finishing pigs was studied in order to provide an explanation for the increased variation in performance within pens previously seen in highly competitive feeding environments. Individual feed intake and feeding behavior, performance, and health were compared for relatively small, medium, and large pigs in pens of 16. Pens contained either one or two dry feeders during a period of ad libitum eating followed by a period of restricted feeding. Computerized feeders that registered the time and amount of feed consumed by each individual were used. Seven replicate groups on each of the two treatments (a total of 224 pigs) were studied. In the pens with only one feeder, the small pigs ate less (P < 0.05) and tended to have a lower daily weight gain (P < 0.10) than the small pigs in pens with two feeders. However, they had a better feed conversion efficiency (P < 0.05). The small pigs also had a different eating pattern. A considerably larger part of their daily feed intake was consumed during the nighttime hours (P < 0.001) when only one feeder was available rather than two feeders. The large pigs ate more during the restricted period (P < 0.01) and had a lower carcass meat percentage (P < 0.05) in the pens with one feeder. Some differences in feeding behavior between the two levels of competition were seen for all categories of pigs. No difference in health was observed between pigs in the one- and two-feeder pens for any size category of pigs. In conclusion, the inability of the small pigs to get access to feed in combination with overeating by the largest individuals caused the variation in performance seen within pens with a high level of competition at feeding (one feeder for 16 pigs). From a welfare point of view, feeding systems causing a high level of competition may be detrimental when considering all individual pigs in pens, even when it is possible to achieve acceptable production results on average. 相似文献
9.
G G Long 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,184(2):164-170
Acute toxicosis developed in a group (n = 35) of fattening hogs and replacement gilts that had excessive vitamin D3 inadvertently added to their feed. All of the pigs were lethargic, and emesis was evident in about half of the pigs 1 to 2 days after they consumed the feed. On the 2nd day, 3 of the pigs died. The remaining pigs were given a different ration. Five additional pigs died during the next 2 weeks. Clinical toxicosis also was observed in 1 of 2 feeder pigs fed the suspect feed in the laboratory and in 2 of 2 pigs fed the suspect feed by the company that had mixed the feed. Gross necropsy findings consistently observed were hemorrhagic gastritis and diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Myocardial degeneration and nephrosis were seen in, respectively, 1 of 6 and 4 of 6 pigs necropsied. Histologically, necrosis and mineralization of variable severity were observed in the fundic gastric mucosa, lungs, kidneys, bone, heart, and small blood vessels of the lungs and heart. Less necrosis and more mineralization were observed in pigs that survived longer than 6 days. The 2 pigs fed the suspect feed in the laboratory had increased concentrations of serum calcium from the 3rd to the 9th days or the 1st to the 3rd days, after feeding the suspect feed. Serum phosphorus concentrations were increased from the 1st until the 2nd or 3rd day, and serum magnesium concentrations were increased from the 1st or 2nd to the 3rd day after feeding the suspect feed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
10.
Effect of group size and feeder type on growth performance and feeding patterns in growing pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of four group sizes (2, 4, 8, and 12 pigs per pen) and two single-space feeder types (conventional and electronic feed intake recording equipment [FIRE]) on feed intake, growth performance, and feeding patterns were determined in growing pigs over a 4-wk period. A total of 416 hybrid pigs (barrows and gilts) were grown from 26.5 (SD = 1.6) to 47.8 (SD = 2.7) kg BW and given ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal-based diet (17.4% CP; 0.9% lysine; 3,298 kcal ME/kg). The floor space allowance was 0.9 m2/pig for all treatments. Pigs using the electronic feeders had similar growth rates but lower feed intakes (P < 0.01) and higher gain:feed ratios (P < 0.01) compared to those using the conventional feeders. Barrows compared to gilts had higher growth rates (P < 0.05), numerically higher (P > 0.05) ADFI, and similar feed efficiency and feeding pattern. Feed intakes and growth rates were lowest (P < 0.05) for groups of 12 pigs but gain:feed ratio was not affected by group size. Daily feeder occupation time per pig was lower (P < 0.01) for groups of 12 than for groups of 2 or 4 pigs, and feed consumption rate was higher (P < 0.01) for groups of 12 than for groups of 4 pigs. The proportion of time spent eating was lower (P < 0.01) and the proportion of time spent standing was higher (P < 0.01) for pigs in groups of 12 compared to groups of 2. Correlations between ADG and ADFI and feed intake per visit were 0.29 and 0.30, respectively (P < 0.01), between ADG and ADFI and feed consumption rate were 0.27 and 0.31, respectively (P < 0.01), and between ADFI and feeder occupation time per day were 0.33 (P < 0.01). This study suggests that, in growing pigs given access to a single feeder, changes in feeding behavior with increasing group size were not sufficient to maintain feed intake and growth rate. 相似文献
11.
van der Wolf PJ Wolbers WB Elbers AR van der Heijden HM Koppen JM Hunneman WA van Schie FW Tielen MJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,78(3):205-219
A national program to reduce Salmonella in pork and pork products should include monitoring and intervention at farm level. To develop an adequate intervention strategy at farm level, risk factors for Salmonella infections in finishing pigs have to be determined. In this study, blood samples were collected randomly at two slaughterhouses from slaughter pigs. Samples were tested by the Dutch Salmonella ELISA, based on the O-antigens 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 12, using a cut-off of OD%=10. This ELISA has been calibrated against the Danish ELISA to give comparable results. Workers from herds from which at least forty blood samples had been collected, were asked to participate in a questionnaire. In total, 353 questionnaires were obtained and analysed. Significant risk factors associated with the proportion of seropositive samples were identified by multiple linear logistic regression. The feeding of a complete liquid feed containing fermented by-products and the omission of disinfection after pressure washing a compartment as part of an all-in/all-out procedure, were both associated with a lower Salmonella seroprevalence. A small to moderate herd size (<800 finishing pigs), a previous diagnosis of clinical Salmonella infection in the herd, the use of tylosin as an antimicrobial growth promoter in finishing feed, or herds which had more than 16% of the livers of their pigs condemned at the slaughterhouse as a result of white spots were associated with a higher Salmonella seroprevalence. Hypothetical intervention strategies based on these risk factors can be studied for their effect on the Salmonella seroprevalence and practical applicability in field studies. 相似文献
12.
通过测定不同类型甜高粱饲草与葡萄籽饲喂小尾寒羊的生产性能和血常规,为甜高粱饲草和葡萄籽安全高效的饲喂绵羊提供理论依据。试验选取甘肃省定西市的小尾寒羊28只(17.30±1.20) kg,随机分为4组,分别为:饲喂甜高粱青贮+精补料(SN组)、甜高粱青贮+6%葡萄籽精补料(SY组)、甜高粱干草+精补料(DN组)、甜高粱干草+6%葡萄籽精补料(DY组)。分别在饲养试验的第1、30、60和100天晨饲前称重;第20、50和100天晨饲前采集血液,测定血常规。结果表明:甜高粱饲草与葡萄籽的添加对小尾寒羊平均干物质采食量、平均日增重和料重比影响不显著(P>0.05),但SY组比DN组平均日增重增加30%以上,终体重增加15.4%。葡萄籽的添加对小尾寒羊血液生理参数影响不显著(P>0.05)。甜高粱青贮组(SN+SY)小尾寒羊红细胞数目(RBC)和红细胞压积(HCT)显著高于甜高粱干草组(DN+DY)(P<0.05)。甜高粱青贮组(SN+SY)平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)极显著低于甜高粱干草组(DN+DY)(P<0.01)。试验第20和100天甜高粱青贮组(SN+SY)小尾寒羊血小板数目(PLT)显著低于甜高粱干草组(DN+DY)(P<0.05)。试验动物血液生理参数均在安全生产范围内,但饲喂甜高粱青贮对小尾寒羊红细胞和血小板相关指标更有利,且甜高粱青贮和葡萄籽结合饲喂对小尾寒羊生长性能有改善的潜力。 相似文献
13.
The effects of four group sizes (2, 4, 8, and 12 pigs per pen) and two single-space feeder types (conventional and electronic feed intake recording equipment [FIRE]) on feed intake, growth performance, and feeding patterns were determined in 208 crossbred finishing pigs (equal numbers of barrows and gilts) between 84.4 (SD = 0.81) to 112.8 (SD = 1.08) kg BW over a 4-wk period. Pigs were given ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal-based diet (15.9% CP; 0.79% lysine; 3,328 kcal ME/kg). The floor space allowance was 0.9 m2/pig for all treatments. Growth rates were not different for the two feeder types; however, feed intake was lower and gain:feed ratio higher for pigs on the FIRE feeders (P < 0.01). Feed intake, growth rate, and gain:feed ratio were not different (P > 0.05) among the group sizes. Number of feeder visits per day decreased and feed intake per visit, feeder occupation time per visit, feed consumption rate, and percentage of time the feeder was occupied increased with group size (P < 0.05). Feed intake per visit had the strongest correlation with daily feed intake (r = 0.54; P < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with gain:feed ratio (r = -0.38; P < 0.01). However, the correlations between growth performance and other feeding pattern traits were relatively weak (r < or = 0.30). As group size increased, diurnal variation in number of feeder visits and feed consumed per hour decreased. There was no difference in time spent sitting and standing between the two feeder types. The proportion of time spent eating was generally lower for the larger groups on both feeders. The proportion of time spent lying was similar across group sizes for pigs on the conventional feeders but was greater for pigs in the larger groups on the FIRE feeders. This study suggests that finishing pigs can maintain feed intake and growth rate by changing feeding behavior as group size increases from 2 to 12. 相似文献
14.
本试验通过制备棉籽饼粉脱毒饲料产品,采用感官鉴定法观察其物理性状,采用国标法测定其棉酚含量,采用凯氏定氮法测定其粗蛋白质含量,并通过肉鸭饲喂试验探讨其在肉鸭饲养过程中的应用效果.结果表明,脱毒后的棉籽饼粉中棉酚残存量不足10 mg/kg,与原始饼粕相比,粗蛋白质含量提高了4.35%,其颜色明显变浅,饼粕质地松软,硬度小,无硬块,无异臭,符合安全标准.经肉鸭饲喂试验发现,与对照组肉鸭相比,用制备的棉籽饼粉脱毒饲料代替常规饲料饲喂肉鸭其生长发育、器官发育、血液指标、饲料中营养成分利用情况均未发现异常,未发现棉酚中毒现象,说明脱毒后的棉籽饼粉饲料中棉酚含量符合饲用安全标准,达到脱毒目的. 相似文献
15.
Thirty barrows (average weight 8.4 kg) were used in a 3-wk experiment to determine the effects of the ingestion of vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol)-contaminated feed on performance and blood chemistry. The barrows were assigned randomly to consume either: 1) a control diet (C), fed ad libitum, 2) a vomitoxin contaminated diet (V; 10.5 ppm), fed ad libitum, or 3) a vomitoxin contaminated pair-fed at levels equal to those consumed by V animals (PF). The V and PF pigs had similar daily gains (.19 vs .20 kg) and feed intakes (.40 and .39 kg), but both of these were lower (P less than .01) than those for the C-fed pigs (.38 kg daily gain and .72 kg feed intake). The V-fed pigs had lower (P less than .05) hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum glucose and serum phosphorus and tended to have lower serum calcium (P less than .06) than C-fed pigs. The V-fed pigs had higher (P less than .05) hemoglobin and tended to have higher (P less than .08) serum phosphorus and lower (P less than .07) serum calcium than PF animals. There was a high total- and free-bilirubin concentration in serum of C- and V-fed pigs in the last sampling period (3-wk), which may be due to fasting and not cholestasis. No differences among treatments were observed in any of the other blood parameters. These results suggest that the differences in animal performance and blood parameters observed between control-and vomitoxin-fed pigs are mainly due to differences in feed intake. 相似文献
16.
Toepfer-Berg TL Escobar J Van Alstine WG Baker DH Salak-Johnson J Johnson RW 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(7):1942-1951
The objective of this study was to determine whether feeding a vitamin E-rich diet would benefit nursery pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Sixty-four pigs were subjected to one of four treatment combinations (2 x 2 factorial) of dietary vitamin E (adequate or excess) and PRRSV (medium or inoculation with VR-2385 isolate P-129). Pigs were fed experimental diets during a 3-wk period before inoculation as well as during a 12-d period after inoculation. Growth performance was determined throughout the study, and lipid peroxidation in liver, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in serum, circulating white blood cells, and serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were determined in samples collected from pigs killed 4 or 12 d after inoculation. Infection by PRRSV (P < 0.001) induced a marked decrease in both ADFI and ADG, but neither the main effect of diet nor the diet x PRRSV interaction was significant. Neither diet nor PRRSV affected feed efficiency. At 12 d after inoculation, lipid peroxidation in liver and GPX activity in serum were lower in pigs fed excess vitamin E than in those fed adequate vitamin E (P < 0.01), suggesting that the diet high in vitamin E bolstered the antioxidant status of the pigs. However, PRRSV did not affect lipid peroxidation in liver or serum GPX activity, and the diet x PRRSV interaction was not significant. White blood cell counts were decreased and IFN-gamma, and IL-1beta were increased (P < 0.05) 4 and 12 d after inoculation in PRRSV-infected pigs, but neither diet nor the diet x PRRSV interaction was significant. Collectively, these results indicate that increasing antioxidant defenses by feeding high levels of vitamin E did not ameliorate the effects of PRRSV on decreased growth, leukopenia, and increased serum IL-1beta and IFN-gamma. Thus, feeding nursery pigs a diet high in vitamin E may not be useful for mitigating the acute morbidity effects of PRRSV infection. 相似文献
17.
Influence of two supplemental vitamin E levels and weaning age on performance, humoral antibody production and serum cortisol levels of pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Three trials using 156 Yorkshire x Hampshire x Duroc crossbred pigs (avg initial wt, 7.9 kg) were conducted to evaluate the effects of two supplemental dietary vitamin E (11 vs 220 IU/kg of diet) and weaning age (21, 28 or 35 d) on performance and immunocompetence of pigs. Supplemental vitamin E (220 IU/kg of diet) increased (P less than .01) serum concentrations of vitamin E for all weaning ages compared with pigs fed 11 IU of vitamin E/kg of diet. However, supplemental vitamin E did not affect performance, serum cortisol concentration or the primary and secondary antibody response to sheep red blood cells. As weaning age increased, weekly ADG and avg daily feed intake increased linearly (P less than .01). Cortisol levels decreased during the 1st wk following weaning and then increased linearly (P less than .01) over time; pigs weaned at 35 d of age had higher (P less than .01) cortisol values initially and over time than pigs weaned at 21 and 28 d. Pigs weaned at 35 d had a higher (P less than .01) primary response to sheep red blood cells than pigs weaned at 21 and 28 d of age, but this effect was not observed for the secondary response. There were no interactive effects (P greater than .10) of dietary vitamin E level and weaning age. In summary, the highest level of supplemental vitamin E increased serum vitamin E concentration but did not affect performance, cortisol levels or one test of the immune response, antibody titers to red blood cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
18.
The effect of feeding different levels (10 and 20%) of dehydrated olive cake pulp on certain blood parameters and on the catalytic activity of serum enzymes was studied in fattening rabbits. A total of 60 rabbits were divided into a control group (C) and two experimental groups (E1, E2), each comprising 10 males and 10 females. Rabbits of Group C received no dehydrated olive cake pulp in their diet, while rabbits of Group E1 and Group E2 were fed 10% and 20% dehydrated olive cake pulp, respectively. After Day 56 of the experiment, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and certain blood parameters as well as the catalytic activity of serum enzymes were determined. Following the experimental feeding period no significant differences were found between Group C and Groups E1 and E2 in red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit value. Similarly, after 56 days of experimental fattening no significant differences were found between the control group and the experimental groups in the catalytic activity of the serum enzymes alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, Group E2 rabbits manifested a significantly higher alanine amino-transferase (ALT) activity in the serum than did rabbits of Group E1. The results indicate that the inclusion of dehydrated olive cake pulp in the diet at the rate of 10% or 20% caused no changes in the investigated blood parameters and serum enzyme activities of fattening rabbits. 相似文献
19.
H. F. Wang Q. Qian Y. M. Wu 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3-4):155-160
Abstract The effect of feeding brittle culm1 whole crop rice (WCR) replacing wheat by-products on performance, digestibility and carcass quality was evaluated in growing-finishing pigs. Fifty-four pigs (Duroc) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: WCR at levels of 0 (control), 10 or 20%, respectively. Pigs were fed from about 29 to 85 kg. A digestion trial was conducted with all pigs at about 60 kg live weight. When the feeding trial was completed, six pigs from each treatment were slaughtered to determine carcass quality. In the growing period, pigs receiving the 10 or 20% WCR diet were not significantly different in daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion from the control pigs (p>0.05). In the finishing period, daily feed intake and daily weight gain of pigs fed the 20% WCR diet were significantly lower than control pigs or 10% WCR diet (p<0.05). However, the feed conversion was not significantly different among the pigs on three different diets. No significant (p>0.05) difference was shown in the apparent nutrient digestibility with the WCR substituting for wheat by-products. The dressing percentage and mean backfat thickness tended to be lower in pigs fed the 10 or 20% WCR diet than in control pigs. The meat from pigs on the 20% WCR diet showed a higher pH value at 24 h post mortem, and higher protein and lower fat content in longissimus muscles than control pigs (p<0.05). This study indicated that WCR could be an alternative feed source to replace wheat by-products in growing-finishing pig diets, but a high proportion of the WCR may result in an adverse effect on the performance traits. 相似文献
20.
Energy metabolism and protein retention of four pig breeds were studied in three experiments comparing Norwegian (N) landrace with either Finnish (F) landrace (Exp. 1), Great Yorkshire (Y, Exp. 2) or Dutch landrace (D, Exp. 3). An increasing or decreasing temperature regimen (11 to 26 degrees C) was used. The animals were kept at a constant feeding level (about 93 g.kg -.75.d -1). Energy and protein balances were measured at increasing and decreasing temperature conditions separately. The three landrace breeds utilized their dietary energy and protein with similar efficiencies. However, large differences were observed between Y and N pigs in Exp.2. The Y pigs had a higher growth rate, lower feed/gain, lower heat production, and higher protein deposition than the N pigs. These differences were related to a lower level of activity of the Y pigs. This lower activity level resulted in lower maintenance requirements of the Y pigs compared with the N pigs. Growth rate and feed conversion differed between balance periods. When the temperature within a period was being increased, growth rate was higher and feed/gain was lower compared with periods in which the temperature was being decreased. Breeds differ with respect to energy and protein utilization. 相似文献