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1.
采收期和品种对枣果实品质的影响* 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣为试材,研究了不同采收期对灵武长枣果实品质的影响;以及在同一采收期下,灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣在低温贮藏前后营养成分的变化规律。试验结果表明：灵武长枣在不同的采收期中,全红果的果肉硬度小于大半红果,头蓬果高于三蓬果;全红果的可溶性固形物、蔗糖、可溶性果胶含量均高于大半红果;三蓬果的葡萄糖、果糖含量高于头蓬果,头蓬全红果的蔗糖、总糖含量高于三蓬全红果;抗坏血酸含量在各个采收期变化不明显。同一采收期的灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣,在贮藏95 d后,3个品种的果肉硬度、抗坏血酸、可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖均呈下降趋势,其中梨枣的果肉硬度、抗坏血酸含量下降均最多;灵武长枣采收时抗坏血酸含量最高且降解最少;冬枣蔗糖含量下降了88.5个百分点;灵武长枣、冬枣可滴定酸含量有所增加,而梨枣出现下降;冬枣的果糖上升了113.6个百分点,明显高于其它两个品种,是贮藏后风味更为浓甜的主要原因。 相似文献
2.
A hand-held instrument (DA Meter, Sinteleia, Bolonga, Italy) which measures chlorophyll nondestructively and gives an IAD index (index of the absorption difference between 670 and 720 nm), was used to measure quality attributes of three cultivars of apples. A preharvest study conducted in a ‘Starking’ apple orchard found determination coefficients of r2 values of 0.79 to 0.64 between the IAD index and starch levels, firmness, TSS and TA of fruit. Three orchards of ‘Starking’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Pink Lady’ apples were sampled during commercial harvest and the apples held in air storage for up to six months. The IAD index measured either at harvest or at removal from storage was correlated with TSS, TA and firmness of the apples. The r2 values were best for TSS (0.76) and poorest for firmness (0.51). Moreover, the measurement at harvest and at removal from storage gave similar prediction coefficients for quality attributes. This measurement can be used to sort at harvest for different quality classes after storage, or at removal from storage for different marketing classes. 相似文献
3.
To maintain peach and nectarine quality after harvest, low temperature storage is used. Low temperatures induce physiological disorders in peach, but the effect of cold storage on the sensory quality of the fruit before it is damaged by chilling injury syndrome remains unclear. To evaluate the cold storage effect on the sensory quality two peach cultivars (’Royal Glory’ and ‘Elegant Lady’) and two nectarines (’Ruby Diamond’ and ‘Venus’) were harvested at a standardized firmness level and subjected to quality evaluations and sensory analysis at harvest and after storage at 0 °C for 35 d. For both time points, a supplementary ripening followed such that homogeneous flesh firmness and suitability for consumption was achieved.The fruit segregation through the Durofel firmness (DF), evaluated using a non-destructively method (Durofel device), allowed the formation of a uniform group of fruit in terms of flesh firmness (FF), showing scores between 45.1 and 55.9 N. The average FF in fruit ripened immediately after harvest was 22.9 N and 25.6 N in fruit ripened after cold storage for 35 d.The “acceptability” of fruit is highly correlated with “aroma”, “sweetness”, “juiciness”, “texture” and “flavor”. Only the “acid taste” parameter had no significant correlation with “acceptability” or with the other parameters evaluated.It is possible to conclude that the sensory quality and acceptability of peach and nectarine are characteristic of each cultivar and change, depending on the time elapsed after harvest. In general, it was confirmed that nectarine cultivars have a more consistent quality than peach cultivars. 相似文献
4.
The skin is the physical barrier between the fruit and the environment in which it develops. Environmental conditions during fruit development have a large influence on fruit quality, both at the time of harvest and during subsequent storage. It is hypothesised that some features of the skin and sub-epidermal tissues could provide information about the past growing conditions to which the fruit was exposed and therefore be of predictive value for storage quality. In this study, five commercial kiwifruit cultivars (‘Hayward’, ‘Hort16A’, ‘G3’, ‘G9’ and ‘G14’) were studied, and ‘Hayward’ fruit were manipulated during growth with different cultural practices. After harvest at horticultural maturity, X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) was used to investigate features of the skin and the immediate parenchyma tissue. Despite orchard management practices (crop load and girdling) being observed to effect macro fruit quality parameters (mass, firmness, SSC, and DM), differences in microstructure (e.g. porosity) caused by these practices were not observed. However, porosity and pore size were found to be highly variable between cultivars. The thickness of dense sub-epidermal tissue could be readily measured and the 3-D distribution of raphide bundles was visible as high density particles distributed within the parenchyma. Overall, μCT was found to be a powerful technique to explore fruit epidermal and sub-epidermal structures in three dimensions at a micro level. However, the length of time required for data capture and analysis and the large number of samples required to overcome natural variation within horticultural products need to be considered. Future work may define the impact of differences in porosity or sub-epidermal anatomy on kiwifruit physiology (e.g. firmness change or sensitivity to low oxygen storage atmospheres). With this information, μCT could be used as a screening tool during plant breeding, or to determine the response to agronomic treatments, without conducting lengthy storage trials. 相似文献
5.
Instrumental and sensory quality characteristics of blueberry fruit from twelve cultivars 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert Saftner James Polashock Mark Ehlenfeldt Bryan Vinyard 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,49(1):19-26
We compared the instrumental and sensory quality characteristics of blueberry fruit from ten highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars, Chanticleer, Weymouth, Hannah's Choice, Duke, Bluecrop, Coville, Berkeley, Bluegold, Elliott and Lateblue and two rabbiteye (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) cultivars, Coastal and Montgomery, grown in New Jersey. Cultivars varied in sensory intensity and acceptability scores. Highbush cultivars, Coville and Hannah's Choice, scored highest among the cultivars in sensory scores for intensity of blue color, juiciness, sweetness and blueberry-like flavor and for acceptability of appearance, color, fruit size, sweet/tart balance, flavor and overall eating quality. In contrast, rabbiteye cultivars, Coastal and Montgomery, and the highbush cultivars, Elliott and Weymouth, scored lowest among the cultivars in sensory scores for intensity of bursting energy, skin toughness, texture during chewing, juiciness, and blueberry-like flavor and for acceptability of appearance, color, fruit size, flavor and overall eating quality. Analytical quality characteristics of surface color, size, compression firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), SSC/TA ratio, and aromatic volatile concentration also varied among cultivars, but no instrumental measurement adequately predicted consumer acceptability scores. The overall eating quality of blueberry fruit was best correlated with flavor scores followed by sensory scores for intensity of juiciness, bursting energy and sweetness and for acceptability of appearance. 相似文献
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《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,45(3):277-285
Blueberries are highly perishable and therefore it is necessary to develop strategies to increase their storage life. Two rabbiteye cultivars (‘Centurion’ and ‘Maru’) were stored at 1.5 °C in either regular air or controlled atmosphere (2.5 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2) for up to 6 weeks. Measurements of firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, weight loss, shrivel and blemishes were combined with determinations of antioxidant activities and total phenolic content. Weight loss and shrivel were not affected by storage atmosphere or storage duration. After 28 days, controlled atmosphere storage resulted in only half as much blemished fruit compared with storage in regular air. Additionally, fungal development in ‘Maru’ fruit was minimised by controlled atmosphere storage.Water-soluble extracts from ‘Centurion’ fruit had higher antioxidant activities and total phenolic content than those from ‘Maru’ fruit at harvest and after storage in regular air and controlled atmosphere. The highest increases in antioxidant activity and total phenolic content occurred during the additional 6 days of shelf-life at 20 °C. 相似文献
8.
不同采收期对芒果常温贮藏品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了对芒果的科学合理采收提供理论依据,以‘红芒6号’芒果为试验材料,探讨了不同采收期对芒果常温贮藏品质的影响,着重考察芒果常温贮藏过程中失重率、病果率、硬度、维生素C(Vc)、可溶性固形物(TSS)和可滴定酸(TA)含量及固酸比的变化。结果表明,过早采收的芒果,其TA和Vc含量较适时采收的要高,而TSS含量和固酸比则较低;过晚采收的芒果,其失重率和病果率高,果实软化快。笔者提出了‘红芒6号’芒果最佳的采收期是盛花期后120天,适宜采收的生理指标是TSS和TA的质量分数分别为6.40%和0.85%。 相似文献
9.
Blueberry (Northern Highbush, cv ‘Brigitta’) and raspberry (cv ‘Maravilla’) fruit were subject to low dose gamma irradiation (0, 150, 400 and 1000 Gy) and stored at 0 °C for three or ten days (blueberry) and two or seven days (raspberry) to determine the effects of irradiation on fruit quality and nutritional and proximate contents. In general, none of the irradiation doses (≤1000 Gy) significantly affected blueberry or raspberry fruit quality (overall fruit quality, colour, firmness, weight loss, TSS, TA levels or TSS/TA ratio), or the nutritional or proximate content (ash, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, energy, moisture, protein, sodium, potassium, total sugars, fructose, ascorbic acid, monomeric anthocyanin, citric and malic acids). The length of time in storage affected some fruit quality and nutritional and proximate content parameters (such as overall fruit quality, firmness, weight loss, TA levels, dietary fibre, potassium, ascorbic acid, citric and malic acids), with longer storage periods resulting in lower quality fruit, irrespective of irradiation treatment. No interaction was detected between the effects of irradiation treatment and storage time, indicating that the storage effect was consistent for all irradiation doses on both blueberry and raspberry fruit quality. 相似文献
10.
U. Flitsanov A. Mizrach A. Liberzon M. Akerman G. Zauberman 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2000,20(3):279-286
The low-temperature storage of avocado affects its subsequent softening process and shelf life. One of the main indices of ripeness in avocado fruit is firmness, which changes during the ripening and softening process. The temperature and duration of storage fundamentally influence the firmness of the stored fruit, and monitoring the softening of fruit enables us to regulate its shelf life. The objective of the present study was to use nondestructive ultrasonic tests to elucidate the influences of storage temperature and time on the softening process of avocado fruit. The attenuation of the ultrasonic waves transmitted through the fruit tissue changes as the fruit passes through the various softening stages during and after low-temperature storage. Four groups of avocados, each stored at a different low temperature, and a control group which was stored at room temperature (20°C) were examined during and after their designated storage times, until they reached full ripeness at room temperature. Nondestructive ultrasonic tests and destructive penetration measurements were carried out in order to determine the attenuation and the tissue firmness, respectively, of the avocados. Statistical analysis showed quite good correlation between the firmness and the ultrasonic attenuation, and their dependence on previous storage time-temperature history. This suggests that the ultrasonic measurements could be used as a nondestructive method of monitoring avocado ripeness during low-temperature storage. 相似文献
11.
Postharvest performance of fruit is dependent on the maturity or physiological state of the fruit at harvest in conjunction with the postharvest management applied. For yellow-fleshed kiwifruit, the flesh colour is a significant quality attribute, and for ‘Hort16A’, flesh colour has been used for timing harvest. Variability in the postharvest performance of ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit suggests that flesh colour alone is not as strongly indicative of postharvest performance as soluble solids content (SSC) was found to be for ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit 30 years ago. The postharvest performance of ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit, assessed as the fruit firmness and chilling injury expression during storage, has been associated with a range of fruit characteristics: flesh colour, SSC, firmness, seed colour, fresh weight, dry matter, starch and soluble carbohydrates measured at harvest throughout maturation. The changing responses of the fruit SSC to temperature, and softening to ethylene, have also been determined. The data illustrate the complex nature of ‘Hort16A’ fruit maturation, even when looking only at simple, easy-to-measure fruit attributes. While a yellow flesh colour is a commercial necessity for ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit, flesh colour is not a robust indicator of postharvest performance and is not tightly linked to SSC or firmness. Changes in the capacity of fruit to respond to temperature or ethylene are not reflected in on-vine changes. Softening in storage is strongly linked to the softening rate occurring on the vine at the time of harvest. Any association between at-harvest characteristics and chilling susceptibility is less clear, and chilling tolerance appears more associated with the completion of growth and carbohydrate accumulation than with increased soluble solids accumulation rates as in ‘Hayward’. Approaches to extend the understanding of the link between maturation, harvest indices and postharvest performance are discussed. 相似文献
12.
The effect of multiple 1-MCP treatments prior to the establishment of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on the quality of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ apples [Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] was investigated. Fruit were harvested on three occasions over a 1 week period, and at each harvest cooled overnight and 1-MCP applied the following day. Fruit from the first or second harvests were treated again or for the first time when fruit from each successive harvest was treated. CA conditions were established after the last 1-MCP treatment and fruit were stored for up to 8 months. Delays in 1-MCP application generally resulted in progressively higher internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) at the time of treatment and lower firmness both at the time of treatment and after storage. Multiple 1-MCP applications kept IECs low and maintained firmness compared with single applications that were applied after 4 d. For ‘McIntosh’, external CO2 injury was more prevalent after storage if fruit were treated without delays after harvest for earlier harvests while later harvests were less affected. For ‘Empire’, flesh browning was more prevalent in fruit from later harvests and 1-MCP treated fruit had higher levels than untreated fruit. Either early 1-MCP treatment or multiple treatments reduced senescent breakdown in ‘McIntosh’, and core browning and greasiness in ‘Empire’. 相似文献
13.
Blue mold and bitter rot, caused by Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, respectively, are two of the most devastating diseases during and after storage of apple. The present project was conducted to evaluate the level of tolerance to these diseases in apple germplasm, and investigate possible associations with other fruit characteristics such as harvest date, firmness at harvest, softening (loss of firmness during storage) and sun-exposure. Apples were harvested at a maturation stage suitable for storage, inoculated with spore suspensions of P. expansum (127 cultivars) or C. gloeosporioides (70 cultivars), and stored for 6 or 12 weeks for early- and late-maturing cultivars, respectively. Fruit firmness was measured after harvest and after storage, and the difference was used as a measure of fruit softening. Average lesion diameter varied significantly among both early- and late-maturing cultivars. The amount of damage caused by the two diseases was significantly correlated across cultivars. Regression analyses indicated that lesion diameter was positively affected by fruit softening and negatively affected by harvest date and firmness at harvest. Impact of the independent variables was quantified with partial least squares discriminant analysis; approximately 40% of the genetic variation could be explained by these variables with harvest date being the most important. The effect of sun-exposure was analyzed on six bi-colored cultivars but the results were not conclusive. Cultivars that showed relatively small symptoms in spite of being early-maturing and/or only medium firm, may have other traits that are beneficial for storage and could therefore be especially useful in breeding programs. 相似文献
14.
The propensity for physiological disorders to arise during low temperature storage of kiwifruit is a significant commercial risk. The potential to use fruit characteristics (flesh colour, soluble solids content (SSC), dry matter and firmness) estimated non-destructively at harvest as markers for the susceptibility of ‘Hort16A’ kiwifruit to chilling injury (CI) has been investigated for individual fruit. While the fruit that developed CI during storage were some of the least advanced fruit on each orchard, the flesh colour, SSC, firmness and dry matter of the susceptible fruit differed considerably among orchards, such that there was not a clear minimum or maximum threshold for which fruit did or did not develop CI across all orchards. There was a large ‘orchard factor’ in the susceptibility of fruit to CI that was as important, if not more important, than the flesh colour, SSC, firmness and dry matter values. The ‘orchard factor’ may derive from a combination of environmental conditions and/or orchard management practices, in conjunction with fruit growth and development. Hence it is concluded that a generally applicable at-harvest prediction of ‘Hort16A’ fruit susceptibility to CI is not possible from an at-harvest non-destructive estimation of flesh colour, SSC, firmness and dry matter. 相似文献
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Separate experiments were conducted with three major commercial avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cultivars grown in Florida: ‘Simmonds’ (early-season, West Indian race); ‘Booth 7’ (mid-season, Guatemalan-West Indian hybrid); and ‘Monroe’ (late-season, Guatemalan-West Indian hybrid). Fruit were harvested at preclimacteric stage and left untreated (Control) or treated 24 h after harvest with aqueous 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 1.39 (treatment M1) or 2.77 μmol L−1 a.i. (treatment M2) (75 or 150 μg L−1) for 1 min at 20 °C. Whole fruit ripening was monitored at 20 °C/92% ± 3% R.H. and based on whole fruit firmness, respiration and ethylene evolution. Fruit volatiles were assessed at preclimacteric (24 h after harvest), mid-ripe (half of initial fruit firmness) and ripe maturity stages, from 100 g of chopped pulp using a purge and trap system. Untreated, firmer fruit ‘Monroe’ (268 N at harvest) ripened within 12 d of harvest while softer fruit ‘Simmonds’ (118 N) ripened within only 6 d. 1-MCP treatment extended ripening time from 33% (M1) to 83% (M2). All fruit softened normally, indicating the potential benefits of aqueous 1-MCP as a postharvest treatment for avocado when applied at these concentrations. Volatile profiles differed among the three cultivars with several compounds detected in only one cultivar, results that may contribute to a potential identification of the origin of the cultivar based on fruit volatile composition. The West Indian cultivar ‘Simmonds’ had much higher emission of hexanal (preclimacteric fruit) and cis-3-hexenal and cis-3-hexen-1-ol (ripe fruit) than the Guatemalan-West Indian hybrids ‘Booth 7’ and ‘Monroe’. On the other hand, these latter hybrids had much higher levels of alkanes than ‘Simmonds’. Treatment with 1-MCP increased emissions of alkanes during ripening of ‘Booth 7’ and ‘Monroe’. Total volatiles of avocado decreased during ripening mainly due to the significant reduction of sesquiterpenes, the main group of volatiles in all cultivars at harvest (‘Simmonds’, 53%; ‘Booth 7’, 78%; ‘Monroe’, 66%). β-Caryophyllene was the major compound at harvest, but decreased to less than 2% in ripe fruit, at which point most sesquiterpenes were not detected. Among the 10 sesquiterpenes commonly found in the avocado cultivars in this study, only α-Copaene had significantly higher emissions in mid-ripe fruit treated with the higher concentration of 1-MCP (2.77 μmol L−1 a.i.), suggesting that ethylene participates in the regulation of this sesquiterpene. 相似文献
16.
为了解‘蜜脆’、‘红盖露’、‘华硕’3 个苹果品种在伊犁河谷的果实表现特性,对其品质及营养成分进行测定和分析。结果表明：3 个苹果品种平均单果重介于190~280 g,为大果型,果形指数介于0.81~0.89,果形较端正;‘红盖露’的果实硬度高达11.7 kg/cm2,口感较硬,其次是‘华硕’(8.8 kg/cm2),‘蜜脆’口感酥脆,硬度最低为8.1 kg/cm2;三者的可溶性固形物含量介于13.6%~16.4%,普遍高于‘红富士’和‘嘎啦’,固酸比高低依次为‘华硕’(6.07/1)、‘蜜脆’(4.08/1)、‘红盖露’(2.80/1),华硕果实口味甜酸、蜜脆酸甜适口,而红盖露酸甜;果实水解后还原糖含量为10.8%~13.2%、还原糖含量为7.0%~8.4%、Vc含量为2.53~2.90 mg/100 g;3 个苹果品种矿物质营养元素含量大小分布趋势一致,矿物质元素含量大小排序为K＞P＞Mg＞Ca＞Na＞Cu＞Fe＞Zn;不同苹果品种矿物质含量差异显著,‘蜜脆’苹果中含量最高的是K、P,‘华硕’苹果中含量最高是Mg、Na和Cu,‘红盖露’苹果中含量最高的是Zn、Fe、Ca。3 个苹果品种品质及营养成分综合性状优良,适宜在伊犁河谷推广。 相似文献
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《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2006,39(2):178-184
The effect of treatment with diphenylamine (DPA) and duration of postharvest storage of whole apple fruit on the responses of fresh-cut apple slices to elevated CO2 storage atmospheres has been investigated. On the day of harvest, ‘McIntosh’, ‘Empire’ and ‘Delicious’ apples were untreated or dipped in DPA, and were held at 0.5 °C overnight or for 6 weeks before slicing. Slices were then stored at 0, 15, 30, 45 or 60% CO2 in 1% O2 (balance N2), atmospheres. Color, firmness and accumulation of acetaldehyde, ethanol and ethyl acetate of the slices were measured. Generally slices were lighter (higher L* values) when stored in elevated CO2 atmospheres, but atmosphere and DPA effects varied by cultivar and were affected by pre-slice storage time. Slices prepared from stored fruit were softer compared with slices prepared at harvest. Slice firmness was not affected consistently by CO2 or DPA concentration, whether they were prepared at harvest or after storage. The effects of increasing CO2 concentration on acetaldehyde and ethanol accumulations were variable, being affected by cultivar and storage period. DPA treatment did not affect acetaldehyde accumulation of any cultivar, or ethanol accumulation of slices prepared from fruit at harvest. However, DPA-treated ‘Empire’ and ‘Delicious’ apples stored before slicing accumulated less ethanol compared with untreated fruit. Storage of apples before processing increased the accumulation of fermentation volatile compounds by cut apples under storage atmosphere conditions. 相似文献
19.
不同采收期对新余蜜桔采后生理特性和耐贮性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究不同采收期对江西省名特优柑橘品种‘新余蜜桔’采后果实品质和耐贮性的影响，以明确其采后生理特性、适宜采收期，为实际生产上新余蜜桔的大面积推广提供技术支撑。以新余蜜桔‘彭家39号’为材料，分3个采收期进行采收后，测定冷藏(6±0.5)℃条件下果实可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)维生素C、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标，并调查了不同贮藏期果实的腐烂率和失重率。结果表明，冷藏条件下，随着贮藏时间的延长，果实腐烂率、失重率、相对电导率、MDA含量不断升高，TSS、TA和维生素C含量逐渐下降；采收期Ⅱ组的腐烂率显著低于采收期Ⅲ组，失重率显著低于与采收期Ⅰ和采收期Ⅲ组，腐烂率和失重率与相对电导率、MDA呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01），果实维生素C含量以采收期Ⅱ组最高。对于新余蜜桔的建议：采收后立即鲜销或短期冷藏的果实（贮藏期不超过30天）可在11月上旬采收；用于长期冷藏的果实（贮藏期达90天左右），建议建议10月中下旬采收。 相似文献
20.
The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine correlation effects among the ripening attributes of ‘Empire’ and ‘Ambrosia’ apples during storage, and (2) to determine the direct and indirect contributions of these ripening attributes on the incidence of physiological disorders and storage rots using path-coefficient analysis. The analysis was applied to data obtained from a variety of harvest dates and storage regimes from apples. Pearson correlation analysis of the data indicated a strong positive correlation between internal ethylene concentration (IEC) and peel greasiness, a negative correlation between IEC and soluble solids concentration, and a negative correlation between firmness and peel greasiness in both cultivars, as well as a negative correlation between IEC and firmness in ‘Empire’. Results indicated that increased IEC in ‘Ambrosia’ apples during storage was related to higher incidences of core browning and lenticel damage and lower incidence of internal browning. Higher IEC in ‘Empire’ apples during storage was associated with less internal browning. Several significant correlations, representing different relationships among the ripening attributes and storage disorders were obtained. 相似文献