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1.
为给小麦偏分离规律研究及小麦农艺性状的QTL定位研究提供相关信息,以普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)宁7840和Clark杂交得到的F12重组自交系(RIL)为试验材料,利用筛选出的2 404个单核苷酸多态性SNP标记和291个SSR标记对该群体进行遗传分析。结果表明,共有494个标记位点表现偏分离,占总标记数的18.3%,其中有429个标记偏向父本Clark,占偏分离标记数的86.8%,65个标记偏向母本宁7840,占偏分离标记数的13.2%。大多数偏分离标记在连锁图谱上成簇分布,形成偏分离区域(Segregation distortion region,SDR),共检测到33个SDR,分别位于1A、1B、2A、2B、3A、4B、5A、6A、6B、7A、7B和7D染色体上,其中有6个SDR偏向母本宁7840,27个SDR偏向父本Clark。杂合致死基因Ne2、导致偏分离的QSd.ksu-7D、核质互作增强子基因scs所在染色体区间分别与SDR-2B.1、SDR-7D.1、SDR-1A.2存在部分重合,这3个SDR中可能存在上述基因或其同源基因,在合子体选择和配子体选择共同作用下造成偏分离,形成SDR。 相似文献
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通过研究野生大豆与栽培种大豆群体构建过程中产生的偏分离现象，发掘偏分离区间(Segregation Distortion Region, SDR)和候选基因，有助于探究偏分离在大豆中的产生机制。应用地方品种“一千粒”和野生品种“长岭野生豆”配置杂交组合，获得F6代重组自交系(Recombinant Inbred Lines, RIL)株系200株，利用SLAF-seq进行测序分析，构建高密度遗传图谱，获得该群体可靠的4 564个SNP标记。偏分离分析发现，648个标记发生偏分离(P<0.05),占总标记的14.20%。获得22个SDR,分布在9个不同的染色体上。在SDR区间内共发现8个重度偏分离热点区域(Extreme Segregation Distortion, ESDR),分布在5个不同的染色体上，其中3个ESDR偏向父本野生型，5个ESDR偏向母本栽培型。利用基因功能注释及全基因组重测序数据，结合ESDR区域，影响胚胎发育(Glyma.01G051400)及雌配子体发育(Glyma.16G072700)的基因分别被认为是ESDR1-1和ESDR16-... 相似文献
3.
为探究小麦偏分离规律及给小麦农艺性状的QTL定位研究提供相关信息,对普通小麦Heyne×Lakin的145个重组自交系的2 241个标记基因型(包括2 071个SNP标记和170个SSR标记)进行连锁作图及偏分离分析,检测SNP和SSR标记偏分离的热点区域(SDR)。结果表明,共有2 197个标记(占总标记数的98.0%)定位在覆盖小麦21条染色体的42个连锁群中,连锁遗传图谱的总长度为2 265.9cM,标记间的平均遗传距离为1.03cM。在连锁遗传图谱中,共有230个标记位点表现偏分离,占总标记数的10.5%。其中164个标记偏向父本Lakin,占偏分离标记数的71.3%;66个标记偏向母本Heyne,占偏分离标记数的28.7%。检测到11个SDRs,分别位于2A、2B、2D、3B、5D、6B和7A染色体上,其中有5个SDRs偏向母本Heyne,6个SDRs偏向父本Lakin,推测这些偏分离热点区域的形成可能与配子体选择有关。 相似文献
4.
利用SSR标记从分子水平上对来源先玉335的100份双单倍体纯系(DH系)及其双亲(PH6WC×PH4CV)和15份国内骨干自交系进行遗传关系类群划分。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,PH6WC划分为Reid群,PH4CV划分为Lancaster群;100份DH系划分为偏母本群、偏父本群和中间群3个类群。100份DH系与17份自交系一起进行聚类分析,117份材料聚为7大类群,先玉335的双亲及其后代DH系聚为一个新的群,类群划分的结果与17份自交系类群划分结果不一致。一定数量同一来源的DH系或新选自交系与骨干自交系放在一起进行聚类分析时,由于材料间的遗传关系相对较近,从而可能形成新的类群。 相似文献
5.
基于DH系的种质基础和秋水仙素浓度对玉米单倍体加倍效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335为母本、高频孤雌生殖诱导系G5为父本杂交诱导产生的单倍体为实验材料,研究秋水仙素浸芽加倍处理玉米单倍体的最佳浓度和时间。结果表明,秋水仙素浓度为0.7 mg/m L、浸芽8 h处理下的玉米单倍体加倍率最高,高达14.4%;秋水仙素浓度为0.8 mg/m L、浸芽8 h处理下的单倍体加倍率次之,为12.1%。以自交系PHB1M、PH4CV、PH6WC、PHGJ4和DH系Z2、Z8为亲本组配的PHB1M×PH4CV、PHB1M×Z2、PH4CV×DZ2、PH6WC×PHGJ4、PH6WC×Z8、PHGJ4×Z8组合为母本,以G5为父本,研究玉米DH系对杂交后代加倍率的影响,结果表明,PH4CV×Z2(26.2%)、PHB1M×Z2(25.8%)、PHGJ4×Z8(23.3%)和PH6WC×Z8(21.3%)的单倍体加倍率显著高于PHB1M×PH4CV(13.5%)和PH6WC×PHGJ4(8.4%),以DH系为亲本组配选系基础材料可显著提高玉米杂交组合的单倍体加倍率。 相似文献
6.
以先玉335双单倍体(Doubled Haploids,DH)群体、掖107×昌7-2重组自交系(Recombined inbred lines,RIL)群体和京724×京92回交1代(Backcross,BC)群体为试材,采用全基因组覆盖的新型区块标记——单倍型标签多态性(haplotype-tag polymorphisms,HTP)标记,从基因型分离比、亲本遗传片段和重组交换3个角度解析DH、RIL、BC群体的遗传规律。结果表明,DH群体虽然偏分离高于BC群体,平均交换频率低于RIL群体,但该群体样本中不存在杂合和外源片段,均为纯合片段;平均亲本遗传片段长度为384个HTP,高于RIL群体;单代上拥有最高的重组交换次数,相较于其他群体,在群体特点和创制成本等方面具有较多优势。 相似文献
7.
小麦RIL群体SSR分子标记偏分离的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究小麦SSR分子标记偏分离的遗传特性,以普通小麦6044和0135杂交得到的F8重组自交系（RIL）群体为材料,利用具有多态性的76对SSR引物进行群体间分析。结果表明,有15个分子标记表现偏分离（P<0.05）,占总标记数的19.74%。这些偏分离标记中有7个标记偏向父本6044,占总偏分离标记位点数的46.67%;8个标记偏向母本0135,占总偏分离标记位点数的53.33%。这些标记在图谱上有两种分布形式,分别为成簇分布和孤立分布。在7条不同的染色体上均发现偏分离标记,其中在3条染色体上发现3个热点区域。 相似文献
8.
利用DH技术对先玉335进行连续轮回选择,发现单倍体雄穗自然加倍能力具有极显著的累加遗传效应,这种遗传效应可以获得成倍提高。证明玉米自身遗传系统具有单倍体雄穗自然加倍遗传恢复(修复)能力。用两轮选择所获的DH2系再次杂交组群,再经杂交诱导获得单倍体植株平均雄花散粉率高达85.15%,自交结实率高达66.18%,是基础群体先玉335直接诱导单倍体株的6.99倍和9.86倍。获得的DH3系因经两轮全基因组配子体选择,最大限度地淘汰了有害、劣性基因,聚合了较多优良基因,农艺性状好,植株长势强,可直接应用于资源扩增和品种选育。单倍体雄穗自然加倍性的轮选遗传修复能力的发现与高自然加倍率材料的创制具有极其重要的应用价值,可与玉米双轮回选择育种模式相结合,构建基于自然加倍为主体的单倍体双轮回育种技术体系。 相似文献
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玉米单倍体育种技术加倍率低的问题是单倍体育种技术应用限制条件。本研究以雄穗低自然加倍材料DHL287为母本、雄穗高自然加倍材料吉Gjb335DH3为父本,构建单倍体雄穗高自然加倍群体。根据集群分离分析法（BSA,Bulked segregant analysis）,结合SNP标记,使用滑动窗口分析3组BSA混池基因型数据,最终在1、3、4、5、7号染色体上筛选出23个与雄穗高自然加倍相关的QTL位点。其中,3组BSA混池结果都在1、3、4号染色体上定位到4个共有的显著QTL区段,说明4个QTL区段具有很强的重演性。同时,在5、7号染色体上分别定位到3个、2个与单倍体雄穗高自然加倍相关的QTL位点。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献