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1.
采用盆栽方法，以3种不同pH值（3．0、4．0、5．0）的模拟酸雨溶液对红檵木、杜鹃、夏鹃幼苗进行浇灌处理，研究不同pH值的酸雨对幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响．结果表明：模拟酸雨对3种灌木幼苗叶矿质元素含量均有一定影响，3种幼苗叶中的大多数矿质元素含量变化不一致，表明不同植物的不同元素对酸雨的反应不同；各酸雨处理红檵木幼苗叶K、Mg、Mn、Ni、S、Al的含量较对照增加，其中Al、Ni含量是随着酸雨pH值的降低而逐渐增加．Zn含量比对照含量有所减少，N、P、Ca、Fe、Cu、Cd、Pb含量不随酸雨pH值的变化而变化．红檵木幼苗叶Al含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关；3种酸雨处理后的杜鹃幼苗叶P、Cu、Mn、Pb含量均比对照增加．其中P、Cu含量是随酸度的增大而逐渐增加，Ca、Zn含量比对照有所减少，N、K、Mg、S、Al、Fe、Ni、CA含量没有随着酸度变化而随之变化的趋势，P含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关；3种酸雨处理后的夏鹃幼苗叶P、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb含量比对照增加．其中P、Ni是随酸度增加逐渐增加，Zn含量比对照减少，N、Ca、S、Cd含量则表现为有的酸雨处理增加，有的下降，Ni含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关．该项研究可为南方绿化植物的选择提供理论依据． 相似文献
2.
模拟酸雨对黄槐幼苗生长的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用4个pH值梯度的模拟酸雨溶液喷洒法处理黄槐幼苗,探讨不同pH值[pH2．0、3．0、4．0、5．6（对照）]的模拟酸雨对黄槐在叶伤害、高生长、地径、根长、叶面积、叶绿素含量和土壤pH值等方面的影响,并以叶片的损伤程度来分析该植物对酸雨污染的敏感性反应,同时在光学显微镜下观察了不同pH值模拟酸雨处理对黄槐幼苗叶片解剖结构的影响,初步研究了黄槐对酸雨的抗性能力。研究结果表明,黄槐可以忍耐pH3．0或以上的酸雨,具有较强的抗酸雨能力,可作为酸雨污染地区应用的园林绿化树种。 相似文献
3.
为了探明元宝枫的生理及叶绿素荧光参数对模拟酸雨胁迫的响应特征,以2年生元宝枫幼苗为研究对象,采用pH值分别为5.6、4.0、3.0、2.0的模拟酸雨处理0、15、30d后,分别测定了叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛、质膜透性等生理指标及叶绿素荧光参数。试验结果表明:1)pH值为4.0的酸雨处理初期,元宝枫叶片未出现伤害症状,处理后期叶片上出现了极少量的斑点,而pH值分别为3.0和2.0的酸雨胁迫下元宝枫叶面均出现了明显的伤斑,且随着酸雨胁迫时间的持续,酸害指数不断增大;2)随着酸度的增大,元宝枫叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)逐渐减少,尤其在pH值分别为3.0和2.0的酸雨处理下叶片的SPAD含量均显著低于对照;3)随着酸度的增大,元宝枫叶片中脯氨酸、丙二醛含量和质膜透性均呈上升趋势,但胁迫时间不同,各处理与对照间的差异显著性也不同;4)随着酸度的增大,元宝枫叶片的PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、以吸收光能为基础的性能指数(PIabs)、以单位面积为基础的性能指数(PIcs)均逐渐变小。当胁迫时间分别为0和15d时,pH值为4.0的酸雨处理下叶片的Fv/Fm值和PIabs与对照间均无显著差异,在pH值分别为3.0和2.0的酸雨处理下叶片的Fv/Fm值和PIabs均显著低于对照。研究结果表明:轻度酸雨(pH值为4.0)胁迫下,元宝枫植株渗透调节物质、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数的变化均不大,而其他处理尤其在重度酸雨(pH值为2.0)处理下,元宝枫植株的生长发育受到了严重的影响。 相似文献
4.
采用盆栽试验,设置4个水平(pH3.0、pH4.0、pH5.0、pH5.6)、一个对照(pH6.0),共5种处理,测定4个树种在不同pH值酸雨处理下其苗高、地径和生物量变化情况,分析不同pH值及处理方式的酸雨对广西地区速生及珍贵树种幼苗生长的影响。研究结果表明,随酸雨pH值的降低,4个树种的苗高相对生长量和地径相对生长量总体均呈下降趋势;巨尾桉9号在模拟酸雨pH3.0时,其地上生物量显著大于对照,在pH5.0时,其地下生物量、总生物量略大于对照,在pH5.6时,其根冠比最大;格木在模拟酸雨pH5.6时,其苗高相对生长量显著大于对照,根冠较对照大;降香黄檀在模拟酸雨pH5.0时,其苗高相对生长量显著高于对照,根冠比最大;在不同浓度酸雨处理下,土沉香各生长指标均显著小于对照。 相似文献
5.
《林业调查规划》2017,(1)
采用盆栽法,研究4个不同pH(3.0、4.0、5.0、5.6)的模拟酸雨对巨尾桉9号苗木叶片苗高、地径、生物量、叶绿素含量、细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量、抗氧化物酶活性的影响。以探讨不同pH的模拟酸雨对桉树苗木生长及生理的影响。研究结果表明,随着模拟酸雨pH值的降低,巨尾桉9号苗木苗高相对生长量及地径相对生长量总体呈下降趋势,且分别在pH 3.0、pH 4.0时达到最小;不同pH的酸雨处理下,生物量变化不明显;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量及叶绿素a/b、相对电导率、丙二醛含量随着酸雨pH值的降低总体呈上升趋势,在pH 3.0时,达到最大;随着模拟酸雨的pH的降低,巨尾桉9号叶片内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性呈先上升再下降趋势,均在pH4.0时达到最高,过氧化物酶活性随着模拟酸雨pH值的降低逐渐上升;苗高相对生长量与相对电导率、丙二醛含量间存在显著负相关关系;地径相对生长量与相对电导率间呈显著负相关。轻度模拟酸雨可促进巨尾桉9号生物量及叶绿素含量的积累,pH 4.0时,其相对电导率和丙二醛含量均显著高于对照,多种抗氧化酶活性达到最高,模拟酸雨对细胞膜产生了一定伤害,但对其生长影响不明显,说明巨尾桉9号对酸雨具有较强的抵抗能力。 相似文献
6.
7.
模拟酸雨对樟树光合日变化的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以不同pH值的模拟酸雨对樟树进行处理,研究酸雨对樟树光合作用日变化的影响.结果表明:(1)模拟酸雨处理的樟树净光合速率日变化均呈不对称的双峰形,峰值分别出现在10:00、14:00,12:00表现“光合午休.”(2)模拟酸雨处理的樟树“午休”表现更加明显,“午休”时净光合速率下降幅度增大,模拟酸雨降低了其净光合速率的日变幅.(3)pH 3.0、pH 4.0的模拟酸雨增大了樟树日均净光合速率.(4)3种酸雨均降低了樟树气孔导度最小值,而pH 3.0、pH 4.0的酸液增大了其气孔导度最大值、日变幅.(5)3种酸液均增高了樟树气孔限制值的最小值,降低了其气孔限制值的最大值和日变幅.(6)3种模拟酸雨均增大了樟树胞间CO2浓度最小值,而pH 4.0酸雨增大了其胞间CO2浓度最大值和日变幅. 相似文献
8.
分析不同pH值及处理方式的酸雨对广西地区速生及珍贵树种幼苗叶绿素含量的影响,为此类树种对酸雨的耐受性方面研究提供理论依据。通过采用盆栽试验,设置4个水平（pH4.0、3.0、5.0、5.6）,1个对照（pH6.0）总共5种处理方式,测定叶片叶绿素含量变化情况。结果表明,不同pH的酸雨处理下,巨尾桉9号、格木、降香黄檀、土沉香的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量及叶绿素a/b的变化规律不同,且同一pH值的酸雨对4个树种叶绿素a/b的影响也不相同;随着酸雨pH值的减小,各树种的叶绿素a/b总体上均表现出先降低后升高趋势。 相似文献
9.
以广玉兰为试材,采用盆栽方法,配制3种不同pH值(3.0、4.0、5.0)的模拟酸雨溶液对幼苗进行浇灌处理,分析了不同pH值的酸雨对幼苗叶中矿质元素含量的影响.结果表明:盆栽广玉兰幼苗经模拟酸雨浇灌处理后,幼苗叶中矿质元素含量受到一定程度的影响;3种酸雨处理的幼叶中P、Mg、S含量均较对照有所增加,Ca、Zn、Mn、Ni、Cd含量均下降,N、Fe、Cu、Pb变化趋势相同,即都是pH3.0处理含量增加,pH4.0和pH5.0处理下降;C、K、Al含量不随酸雨pH值改变而变化,其中C含量pH3.0、pH4.0处理增加,pH5.0处理下降;K含量pH3.0和pH5.0处理下降,pH4.0处理增加;Al含量pH3.0、pH5.0处理增加,pH4.0处理略微减少.该项研究可为南方城市绿化树种的选择提供理论依据. 相似文献
10.
《林业科学》2016,(5)
【目的】分析不同pH值及处理方式的酸雨对秃瓣杜英幼苗的生物量和生理指标的影响,为酸雨胁迫下秃瓣杜英幼苗的响应机制提供科学依据。【方法】采用盆栽受控试验,设置2个酸雨梯度(pH2.5和pH5.6)、3种酸雨处理方式(地上处理:仅对幼苗地上部分进行酸雨喷淋,酸雨不进入土壤;地下处理:仅对幼苗土壤进行酸雨喷淋,地上部分不接触酸雨;全淋处理:酸雨喷淋全株后进入土壤)以及p H7.0蒸馏水为对照处理,测定幼苗生物量积累和叶、茎、根生物量分配,叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光特性,丙二醛含量和膜透性,以及抗氧化酶活性等指标。【结果】1)在pH2.5酸雨浓度梯度下,3种处理方式对秃瓣杜英幼苗生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,差异显著,与对照相比,地上处理的总生物量、株高增长量、地径增长量分别降低了16.7%,28.1%和25.7%,地下处理分别降低了10.9%,4.7%和17.5%,全淋处理分别降低了18.5%,5.2%和27.5%;同时,地下处理提高了幼苗叶片生物量占总生物量的比例,降低了茎和根生物量的比例;3种处理的叶绿素a含量、总叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b均显著低于对照;地上处理的PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)和PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/ F_o)显著低于对照,全淋处理的F_v/ F_o和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦP_(SⅡ))显著低于对照,而地下处理的F_v/F_m,F_v/ F_o和ΦP_(SⅡ)值与对照没有显著差异;3种处理的膜透性、丙二醛含量和抗氧化酶活性均显著高于对照,其中地下处理高于其他2种酸雨处理。2)在p H5.6的酸雨浓度作用下,与对照相比,3种处理对秃瓣杜英幼苗生物量没有显著影响,而叶绿素a含量、总叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b均显著降低,膜透性、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性均显著增加,但低于pH2.5酸雨浓度的影响;地上和全淋处理的F_v/ F_o和ΦP_(SⅡ)值显著降低。【结论】地下酸雨处理对秃瓣杜英幼苗的抑制和促进作用并存,抑制作用主要体现在总生物量的降低,膜透性和丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶活性的升高等方面,而促进作用体现在叶片生物量的增加和PSⅡ反应中心的修复方面;同时,地下处理还改变了幼苗叶、茎和根生物量的分配。地上酸雨处理对秃瓣杜英幼苗主要表现抑制作用。全淋处理也抑制幼苗生长,抑制作用大于地上和地下处理,但是对生物量分配影响不大。pH5.6的酸雨浓度对幼苗作用效果显著小于pH2.5的酸雨浓度。 相似文献
11.
Simulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 2.6, 3.6 and 5.6 (control) was applied to Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. saplings at 2-week intervals for 3 years. Ambient precipitation was excluded from the trees during this period. Light to dark brown necrotic spots along the midribs of needles, 0.1 to 0.5mm in diameter and sometimes having a white center, were associated with the most acidic (pH 2.6) SAR treatment. These spots appeared over a significantly (p = 0.05) larger area of the foliage in the pH 2.6 treatment than in controls (pH 5.6). Needles that received SAR of pH 3.6 had intermediate numbers of spots. The spots persisted for at least 12/3 years after cessation of SAR application. Needle retention, needle lengths, and the occurrence of epicormic shoots and the needle rust caused by Uredinopsis longimucronata Faull were not significantly (p = 0.05) affected by the SAR treatments. Needle retention tended to be lessened by the most acidic (pH 2.6) SAR treatment. The occurrence of Lophodermium piceae (Fuckel) Höhnel needle cast was significantly lower in the middle tree sections of the pH 5.6 and 3.6 treatments than in the pH 2.6, drought and ambient treatments. Damage by naturally occurring insects was negligible, and was not related to the SAR treatments. 相似文献
12.
Simulated acid rain (SAR) at three pH levels (pH 4, 3, 2) was applied to only the top or both the top and roots of 4-month-old
Japanese black pine seedlings repeatedly for two months. Then the seedlings were inoculated with a virulent isolate (S10)
of pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The exposure to SAR at any level did not kill the seedlings. When inoculated with nematodes, however, the nematode population
build-up was significantly higher in the seedlings pretreated with SAR at any level than in the control at the 7th and 17th
day after inoculation, and subsequent disease symptom development was also significantly accelerated by the exposure to SAR
at pH 2 and 3. This result indicates that even acid rain at pH 4 has the potential for promoting population growth of pinewood
nematodes in 4-month-old Japanese black pine seedlings. 相似文献
13.
Six‐month‐old Japanese black pine seedlings (Pinus thunbergii) were exposed to simulated acid rain (SAR) at pH 3 and 2 three times a week. After treatment for 2 months, the seedlings were inoculated with a virulent isolate (S10) of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchusxylophilus), at three inoculum levels (Pi = 50, 160 or 500 nematodes per seedling). In seedlings inoculated with 500 nematodes, both population growth of nematodes and disease development were accelerated by pretreatment with SAR at pH 3 or 2. In seedlings inoculated with 50 nematodes, population growth of the nematodes was suppressed and more time was needed for seedlings to die when pretreated with pH 3 SAR. This suggests that exposure to pH 3 SAR increased not only the progress of mortality, but also simultaneously enhanced the tolerance limit of the seedlings to the pinewood nematode – the critical value of physiological burden (represented as a product of time and initial nematode population) necessary to kill a seedling. Exposure to pH 2 SAR accelerated nematode reproduction in seedlings and increased seedling mortality irrespective of the number of nematodes inoculated. 相似文献
14.
To elucidate the synergetic effects of acid rain on the development of pine wilt disease, we measured the sap flow rate in the stems and the chlorophyll content in the needles of 10‐year‐old Japanese black pine trees, Pinus thunbergii and 12‐year‐old Japanese red pine trees, Pinus densiflora, after exposure to simulated acid rain (SAR, pH 3) or tap water (TW, pH 6.3) as a control. The heat pulse method was used for the estimation of the sap flow rate. No apparent difference was found in the sap flow rate between the trees exposed to SAR and TW, but the chlorophyll content of needles at the end of the treatment was significantly higher in the trees exposed to SAR than in those exposed to TW. When the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease, was inoculated onto the Japanese black pines that had been exposed to SAR repeatedly for 1 year, the period to death was shortened. Japanese red pines that had been exposed to SAR for 2 years, however, did not show any development of symptoms after the nematode inoculation, suggesting that acid rain only affects pine wilt disease slightly, if at all. 相似文献
15.
为了探索紫茎泽兰对桉树的化感作用,研究分析了紫茎泽兰叶片浸出液及枯落物对直杆桉苗生长的影响,同时结合紫茎泽兰对桉树人工林的入侵情况,初步研究了紫茎泽兰对桉树的化感作用。结果表明：紫茎泽兰可以成为桉树人工林地上的单优势种群,提高桉树人工林地的土壤含水率,但会影响到桉树的健康状况。紫茎泽兰叶片浸出液对直杆桉苗地上部分和地下部分化感作用相反,对地上部分表现出一定的抑制作用,对地下部分根系表现出较好的促进作用,提高了根系的恢复能力,而枯落物基质浇浸出液对根系的促进效果最佳。在红壤和枯落物基质中,浸出液处理次数与根系生长均呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
16.
模拟不同酸雨浓度(pH2.5、4.0、5.6)对杜英幼苗进行喷淋控制实验,研究不同酸梯度条件下杜英幼苗的生长及养分元素含量特征,结果表明:(1)对照组(pH7.0)全株干重约为酸处理组的2倍,酸雨处理对植株生长产生抑制作用,其中对茎部影响最为明显。(2)与pH2.5和pH5.6相比,pH4.0处理组全株干重最大,且根冠比最低,说明植株对pH4.0酸雨有较好的适应性。该处理下,植株体内氮、磷元素含量均较高,钾、镁元素含量在茎中较高,在根中较低。(3)随着酸处理组pH值的降低,植株叶片中钾、硫含量呈明显降低趋势,铁含量呈明显增高趋势;茎中铁含量呈明显增高趋势;根中锌含量呈明显降低趋势。(4)酸雨对杜英幼苗体内硫元素含量有一定的抑制作用,且pH 5.6处理组叶、根中的硫含量显著高于pH 2.5和pH 4.0,即酸雨带来的硫输入在植株体内非但没有出现硫富集现象,反而产生淋失现象。 相似文献
17.
紫茎泽兰被公认为一种恶性有害杂草，目前尚无有效的防治方法。但从生物的多样角度来看，紫茎泽兰也有开发利用的价值。本文介绍了紫茎泽兰的营养成分含量，氨基酸组成；可开发利用作饲料的方法和工艺，能量利用于沼气的工艺路线。 相似文献
18.
常温条件下,以脱毒预处理的紫茎泽兰为原料,在TS含量为4%、6%、8%的条件下进行了批量厌氧消化产甲烷发酵试验。结果表明:脱毒的紫茎泽兰作为厌氧发酵产甲烷原料具有可行性;与TS浓度为4%和8%相比,浓度为6%时,紫茎泽兰的原料降解率、产气潜力和能源转换率最高,分别为18.78%、111.38 L/kg·TS和14.46%。因此,厌氧生物转化可以作为紫茎泽兰能源化利用的一条有效途径。 相似文献
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20.
Three- or 4-year-old Japanese black pine seedlings were exposed to simulated acid rain (SAR) at pH 3 for two months, then
inoculated with a virulent isolate (S 10) of pinewood nematodes. The experiments were repeated three times in 1996–1998. The
exposure to SAR killed no seedlings, and retarded the development of disease symptoms in the seedlings inoculated with nematodes.
In the experiments in 1996 and 1997, however, cessation of resin exudation, and primary decrease in the xylem conductivity
occurred earlier in the seedlings exposed to SAR than in those exposed to tap water as a control. These results imply that
acid rain at pH 3 influenced an increase in some resistance of Japanese black pine seedlings to pinewood nematode, and that
this improved resistance could potentially overcome damage caused by acid rain. The exposure to SAR did not have any significant
effect on the water relations of the seedlings itself, suggesting that retardation of the symptom development after the exposure
to SAR could not be attributed to the improvement in the water relations.
This work was supported in part by a Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Forest Technical Association (JAFTA). 相似文献