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重庆畜牧兽医研究所吴霆同志对该市巴县界石区30个养鸡户所饲养的鸡,从雏鸡出壳直到产蛋结束的532天内减少的全部鸡只作了系统的检查和记载,结果如下:30个养鸡户共养商品鸡6110只,采用土法“萝兜”育雏,6周龄脱温后直到产蛋结束在竹篱栅栏上平养。7—10日龄和30日龄分别用新城疫弱毒冻干苗Ⅱ系点眼或滴鼻,6周龄刺种鸡痘鹌鹑化弱毒冻干苗,8～9周龄注射新城疫弱毒冻干苗工系,15～16周龄接种禽霍乱氢氧化铝菌苗,7～42日龄在日粮中交替拌入呋喃唑酮、土霉素、复方敌菌净或氯苯胍等药物防治雏白痢和球虫病,18～20周龄投予盐酸四咪唑驱虫。鸡群存活率0～8周龄(育雏期)为95.56％,9～22周龄(育成期)为92.46％,产蛋期内为85.76％。鸡只减少原因的分析:从育雏期、育成期和产蛋期不同阶段鸡只减少的原因看,因病死亡是减少的主要原因,分别占各阶段死亡总数的54.46％、60.43％、 相似文献
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肉用种鸡育雏育成期体重控制与产蛋关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
肉用种鸡育雏育成期体重控制与产蛋关系马叙宇（江苏省连云港市大地肉鸡总公司第二种鸡场２２２３４４）肉用种鸡生长速度很快，如不加强体重控制，八周龄时可长到种鸡２０周龄时要求的体重（２．２ｋｇ）。种鸡在适宜的环境下体重达标，是提高种鸡生产性能的第一步。否则... 相似文献
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为了验证新培育的慢速型优质麻羽种鸡的生产性能,选取1日龄新培育的麻羽种鸡MR和现有麻羽种鸡WM各3 000只,各自随机分为2个重复,每个重复1 500只。从1周龄到56周龄,饲喂相同饲粮,统计各自育雏期、育成期和产蛋期的死淘率、均匀度、56周龄平均产蛋数、受精率、孵化率、出苗率、健雏率等数据。结果表明,在鸡的死淘率方面,MR的56周死淘率较WM低5.3个百分点,育雏期和育成期的均匀度分别高3.3个百分点和5.6个百分点;在产蛋性能方面,MR的56周龄产蛋数比WM高12.9个/只(p0.05),高峰期产蛋率高3.3个百分点(p0.05);不合格蛋数低8.9个/只(p0.05),料重比低0.17(p0.05);在孵化性能方面,MR的入孵蛋孵化率比WM高1.6个百分点(p0.05),受精率高1.3个百分点(p0.05),受精蛋孵化率高1.5个百分点(p0.05),健雏率高1.7个百分点(p0.05)。结果表明,新培育的种鸡较原种鸡的各项生产性能均有明显优势。 相似文献
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<正> 饲养种鸡的目的是要获得尽可能多的高产、优质的种蛋及种雏。只有好的鸡种,而无相应的饲养管理措施,也不可能得到好的生产成绩。本指南是我场几年来的经验总结,仅供饲养北京白鸡种鸡者参考。一、育雏、育成期 1.环境要求雏鸡舍应尽可能远离孵化室及产蛋鸡舍。饲养的每批雏鸡要全进全出,而一栋鸡舍只饲养同日龄的鸡。育雏、育成期温、湿度要求,见下表。 相似文献
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肉用种鸡育成期均匀度的高低决定着种鸡生产水平的高低。若均匀度高，种鸡的成活率、最高峰产蛋率就较高，高峰产蛋期维持时间长，人舍母鸡累计产蛋数多，种蛋受精率、孵化率高，后代的生产成绩好，因此取得较好的均匀度是非常重要的。笔者认为影响种鸡育成期均匀度的原因主要有以下几个方面。1．l日龄苗鸡的质五。如果苗鸡是由不同生产周龄且周龄相差很大的几批种蛋孵化而来，那么均匀度开始时必定很差。采取补救措施是将个体小的鸡只挑出来，加强饲养。苗鸡最好是用一批种鸡所产的种蛋或种鸡周龄相近的种蛋孵化。2．环境温度。不仅要求室… 相似文献
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快大型肉用鸡的饲喂及其管理梁达文（广东省广州白云家禽发展公司５１０４４０）近年来，有不少鸡场饲养的快大型肉用种鸡。特别是白羽种鸡出现产蛋性能低下的现象。这些鸡除个别在育雏期患有疾病外，多数的鸡均无临诊症状表现，但开产迟，产蛋率低，到２５～２８周龄时产... 相似文献
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饲养 AA 肉用种鸡的目的是生产出生长速度快、饲料报酬高、抗病力较强的商品肉鸡。肉鸡这些优良性状的遗传来源于其亲本,即 AA 种鸡。如果种鸡在育雏育成期任食,种鸡就会食得较多、体重大、脂肪多,从而影响产蛋期的产蛋率、受精率。如果限饲过度,种鸡成熟期推迟,产蛋初期的蛋太小而不合乎孵化要求,鸡无充分的营养储备来供产 相似文献
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选用Cobb500肉种鸡母鸡2100只、公鸡210只,研究低浓度日粮对其后代生产性能及死亡率的影响。种鸡处理包括4个试验组及1个正常日粮浓度的对照组(ND,育雏期AME为2600 kcal/kg、产蛋期AME为2800 kcal/kg);处理2育雏期和产蛋期日粮营养浓度较对照组分别降低12%(LD12)和11%(LD11),处理3育雏期和产蛋期日粮营养浓度较对照组分别降低23%(LD23)和21%(LD21)。这些日粮通过添加棕榈仁饼、小麦麸皮、谷胱粉、葵花籽粕降低营养密度。处理4日粮营养浓度与处理2相同(LD12op和LD11op),但添加了燕麦和甜菜浆。处理5育雏期日粮浓度同处理2,但产蛋期饲喂对照日粮(LD12-ND)。试验从4周龄持续到60周龄。饲喂低浓度日粮提高了后代的1日龄体重。与饲喂对照组日粮的种鸡后代相比,饲喂LD11日粮的29周龄种鸡,其后代38日龄体重增加。饲喂低浓度日粮的60周龄种鸡,其后代死亡率降低。饲喂低浓度日粮的29周龄种鸡,其所产的低于平均蛋重的种蛋孵化的后代35日龄时IgM抗体滴度降低。与对照组相比,饲喂低浓度日粮(LD11或LD21)的60周龄种鸡,所产高于平均蛋重的种蛋孵化的后代IgM抗体滴度较高。低浓度肉种鸡日粮可提高后代生长速度、降低死亡率,对免疫功能的影响则取决于种鸡日龄和蛋重。 相似文献
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Sudershan Kumar Anil K. Srivastava V. K. Dumka Naresh Kumar Rajinder K. Raina 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(6):503-510
Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous
administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition
followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vdarea, AUC, t1/2β, ClB, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg−1, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml−1.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg−1.h−1, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg−1, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml−1.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg−1.h−1, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration.
For MIC90 of 0.5 μg.ml−1 the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg−1 repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows. 相似文献
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Isabel Oliveira Cosentino Mario Felipe Alvarez Balaro Felipe Seabra Cardoso Leal Lucas de Figueiredo Cardoso Barbosa Fernanda Martins Gonçalves Gabriel Feliciano Felizardo Marina Monteiro Netto Felipe Zandonadi Brandão 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(11):1655-1659
This study aimed to evaluate the exogenous progesterone (P4) effect on the luteal function from Day 16 to Day 21 of the oestrous cycle in inseminated goats with unknown pregnancy status. A total of 54 does passed through a short progestin-based synchronization protocol and, on Day 16 of the following oestrous cycle, 27 does received a new P4 device which was retained until Day 21. Blood samples were collected daily from all does during this period, as well as on Day 24. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on Day 30. Serum P4 values from 26 animals (GNPSP: Group of non-pregnant does with second sponge: n = 8; GNPNSP: Group of non-pregnant does without second sponge: n = 6; GPSP: Group of pregnant does with second sponge: n = 5; GPNSP: Group of pregnant does without second sponge: n = 7) were determined by radioimmunoassay commercial kits. No P4 differences were found between groups (GNPSP: 3.1 ± 2.8; 1.7 ± 1.8; 0.4 ± 1.0; and 0.0 ± 0.0 vs. GNPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.8; 3.0 ± 2.2; 0.8 ± 0.8; and 0.0 ± 0.0 or GPSP: 4.2 ± 1.0; 3.4 ± 0.6; 3.3 ± 1.6; 3.2 ± 0.9; 3.6 ± 1.2; 3.5 ± 1.3; 2.7 ± 1.3 vs. GPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.6; 3.6 ± 1.5; 3.7 ± 1.5; 3.8 ± 1.4; 3.2 ± 1.2; 3.1 ± 1.2; 3.6 ± 1.1; D16, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, D24, respectively) or for the interaction of group and time. In conclusion, a second progestogen device had no effect on luteolysis or early pregnancy in the following oestrous cycle. 相似文献
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R.A. Alcaraz RomeroJ.A. Quintal Franco D. Hernandez SánchezT. Sánchez Torres E. Villagómez AmezcuaJ. Ramon Ugalde J. Baeza RodríguezR. Bores Quintero J.G. Cantón Castillo 《Livestock Science》2012,143(1):24-28
Seventy crossbred ewe lambs, born from Pelibuey (PB) dams mated with five sire breeds: White Dorper × PB (WD × PB), Black Head Dorper × PB (BHD × PB), Ile de France × PB (Ile × PB) Katahdin × PB (KT × PB) and Pelibuey (PB × PB), were used to determine age and weight to puberty, follicular populations during prepubertal development, ovulation rate at first ovulation and function of the first corpus luteum (FCL). Ewe lambs were maintained under grazing conditions and were supplemented with 300 g head− 1 day− 1 of a concentrate with 14% CP and 3.0 Mcal ME kg− 1 of DM. From 145 days of age, monthly observations were performed by endoscopy to monitor follicular populations and luteal structures. Ovarian follicles were classified according to size into small (≥ 1 and < 3 mm), medium (≥ 3 and ≤ 4 mm) and large (> 4 mm). Additionally, weekly observations by ultrasonography were performed in four ewes per genotype to assess follicular populations. Luteal function from first ovulation was determined by circulating concentrations of progesterone. Ovulation rate was not affected by genotype (P > 0.05). All breed groups had the same pattern of follicular populations, where most of follicles were small, followed by medium and a small proportion of large follicles. Maximum diameter of follicles was similar for all genotypes during prepubertal development (P > 0.05), with an average range of 3.9 ± 0.20 to 4.4 ± 0.20 mm. The BHD × PB reached puberty at the youngest age of 240.9 ± 13.0 days, compared to all other genotypes (P < 0.05), 259.1 ± 11.7 for WD × PB, 279.3 ± 9.6 for KT × PB and 289.0 ± 15.3 days for PB × PB and 308.6 ± 11.9 days for Ile × PB ewe lambs. Ile × PB had greater weight to first ovulation (31.5 ± 1.19 kg) as compared to other breed groups (P < 0.01). The largest percentage of FCL was for KT × PB ewes (100%) (P < 0.05), followed by BHD × PB (88.9%), PB × PB (83.3), WD × PB (78.6%) and Ile × PB (77.8%). There were no differences in ovulation rate attributable to type of lambing from which ewe lambs came from (P > 0.05). BHD × PB ewe lambs reached puberty at an earlier age than other in this study. KT × PB ewe lambs had the highest percentage of FCL in their first ovulation. Breed of sire Ile de France increased weight to puberty and decreased FCL at first ovulation. In conclusion, the BHD × PB ewe showed puberty at an earlier age than other genotypes, while the KT × PB had the highest percentage of functional corpus luteum in their first ovulation. Ewe lambs coming from single lambings reach puberty at a heavier weight than those coming from multiple lambings. The ovulation rate in the first ovulation of ewe lambs is not affected by genotype and type of lambing. 相似文献
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Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose 15N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x2 + 2.12x − 5.14 (r2 = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x2 − 4.10x + 32.25 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10− 3x2 + 1.31x − 122.28 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism. 相似文献
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In this study the disposition kinetics and plasma availability of moxifloxacin in Muscovy ducks after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral (p.o.) administrations of 5 mg kg?1 b.wt. were investigated. The concentrations of moxifloxacin in the plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection on samples collected at frequent intervals after drug administration. Following intravenous injection, the decline in plasma drug concentration was bi-exponential with half-lives of (t1/2α) 0.22 ± 0.10 h and (t1/2β) 2.49 ± 0.26 h for distribution and elimination phases, respectively. The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) was 1.02 ± 0.14 l kg?1 and the total body clearance (Cltot) was 0.32 ± 0.11 l kg?1 h?1, respectively. After intramuscular and oral administration of moxifloxacin at the same dose the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 2.38 ± 0.43 and 2.11 ± 0.36 μg ml?1 and were obtained at 1.47 ± 0.26 and 1.83 ± 0.16 h (Tmax), respectively, the elimination half-lives (T1/2el) were 3.14 ± 0.42 and 2.63 ± 0.44 h, respectively, and AUC0–24 were 15.87 ± 2.35 and 14.52 ± 2.37 μg ml?1 h?1, respectively. The systemic bioavailabilities were 96.36 ± 11.54% and 86.79 ± 12.64%, respectively. In vitro plasma protein binding percent was 32%. We concluded that moxifloxacin might be clinically interesting alternative for the treatment of most sensitive bacterial infections in Muscovy ducks. 相似文献
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Summary Leptospira interrogansserotypes pomonaand icterohaemorrhagiaewere isolated from the kidneys of Rattus norvegicustrapped on pomonainfected piggeries.The isolation of pomonafrom one of 111cultured kidneys, although of interest, strongly suggests that this rat does not play an important part in the epidemiology of infection by this serotype.
Kidney tubular degeneration, focal mononuclear infiltrations and fibroplasia are morphological traces which remain after an attack of leptospirosis. The high percentage (48.6)of these lesions found in the rat kidneys examined does not seem to be related to serotype pomonabut to icterohaemorrhagiae.The importance of this last serotype in swine in the Cauca Valley has yet to be assessed.
Leptospirosis En Colombia: Aislamiento DeLeptospira SPP. De Riñones De Ratas Pardas (Rattus Norvegicus) Atrapadas En Porquerizas Infectadas
Resumen Se aislóLeptospira interrogans serotipospomona eicterohaemorrhagiae de riñones deRattus norvegicus atrapadas en porquerizas infectadas porpomona. El aislamiento depomona de 1/111 riñones cultivados, aunque de interés, sugiere que esta rata no desempeña parte importante en la epidemiología de las infecciones por este serotipo.Degeneración tubular renal, infiltración mononuclear focal y fibroplasia son huellas morfológicas que quedan después de un ataque de leptospirosis. El alto porcentaje (48.6) de estas lesiones encontradas en los riñones de las ratas examinadas no parece estar relacionado con el serotipopomona sino con elicterohaemorrhagiae. La importancia de este último seroptipo en cerdos en el Valle del Cauca no se ha evaluado todavía.
Leptospiroses En Colombie: Isolement DeLeptospira SPP. De Reins De Rats Bruns (Rattus Norvegicus) Captures Dans Des Porcheries
Résumé Les sérotypespomona eticterohaemorrhagiae deLeptospira interrogans ont été isolés de reins deRattus norvegicus capturés dans des porcheries infectées de (pomona?). L'isolement depomona sur une seule des 111 cultures de rein effectuées, bien qu'interessant, suggère fortement que ce rat ne joue pas un rôle important dans l'épidémiologie de l'infection par ce sérotype.La dégénerescence tubulaire des reins, des infiltrations ponctuelles par des monocucléaires et l'aspect fibreux constituent les traces morphologiques qui demeurent après une attaque de leptospirose. Le pourcentage élevé (48,6) de ces lésions trouvées dans les les reins des rats examinés semble être plus en rapport avec le sérotypeicterohaemorrhagiae qu'avec le sérotypepomona. L'importance du sérotypeicterohaemorrhagiae chez le porc de la Cauca Valley est encore à vérifier.相似文献
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Summary Microfilariae of three genera, namelyElaeophora böhmi, Onchocerca cervicalis andParafilaria multipapillosa were recovered from blood samples of equidae in Tehran, Iran. These microfilarial infections in equidae are reported for the first time from Iran.
Infestacion Filaroidea De Equinos En El Area De Teheran, Iran
Resumen Microfilarias de tres géneros,Elaeophora bohmi, Onchocerca cervicalis andParafilaria multipapillosa se aislaron de la sangre de equinos en el area de Teherán, Irán. Este es el primer reporte de la infestación filaroidea de equinos en Irán.
Filariose Des Equides Dans La Region De Teheran En Iran
Résumé Les microfilaires des genresElaeophora böhmi, Onchocerca cervalis etParafilaria multipapillosa ont été trouvées dans des échantillons de sang d'équidés de la région de Téhéran en Iran. C'est la première fois qu'un tel parasitisme des équidés est constaté en Iran.相似文献
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D. K. Miller O. Diall T. M. Craig G. G. Wagner 《Tropical animal health and production》1984,16(2):71-77
Summary A serological survey of cattle in Mali was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibody activity toBabesia bovis andB. bigemina. It was found that the level ofB. bovis infection as indicated by antibody activities was too low to be of immediate concern. However, the serological prevalence ofB. bigemina was high and this may indicate a potential disease problem. It was also found that when zebu and N'Dama cattle grazed together the N'Dama were twice as likely to have positive titres toBabesia as were the zebus.
Prevalencia Serologica De Babesiosis Bovina En Mali
Resumen Se llevó a cabo un análisis serológico en Malí, para detectar la prevalencia deBabesia bovis yBabesia bigemina. Se encontró, que la prevalencia serológica deB. bovis es baja para considerar la enfermedad una amenaza inmediata. Sinembargo, la prevalencia deB. bigemina fué alta, un problema potencial. Tambien se encontró, que cuando el ganado Cebu y N'Dama pastorea junto, el N'Dama presenta el doble de títulos serológicos deB. bigemina.
Frequence Serologique De La Babesiose Bovine Au Mali
Résumé Une enquête sérologique sur le bétail au Mali a été effectuée pour déterminer la fréquence de l'activité des anticorps àBabesia bovis etB. bigemina. On a trouvé que le degré d'infection àB. bovis tel qu'indiqué par les réactions anticorps était trop faible pour constituer un souci immédiat. Cependant la fréquence sérologique deB. bigemina était élevée, ce qui peut indiquer un problème pathologique potentiel. On a aussi noté que lorsque les zébus et les N'Dama broûtaient ensemble, les N'Dama avaient deux fois plus de chance d'avoir des titres positifs àBabesia que ne l'avaient les zébus.相似文献
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Effects of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH,ruminal fermentation and performance of growing Holstein‐Zebu cross steers 
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下载免费PDF全文 Watcharawit Meenongyai Virote Pattarajinda Alexander M. Stelzleni Jutarat Sethakul Monchai Duangjinda 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(9):1372-1379
Our objective was to determine the effect of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH, ruminal fermentation and animal performance. Thirty Holstein‐Zebu cross steers were allotted to feeding treatments for 188 days in a randomized complete block design including: fresh grass‐total mixed ration (GTMR; pH 4.7), grass silage‐TMR (STMR; pH 4.0) and fermented‐TMR (FTMR; pH 3.5). Average daily gain for STMR was greatest during the first 3 months period; however, that for FTMR tended to be greater than GTMR during the second 3 months period (P < 0.10). During the second period dry matter intake for STMR was the greatest (P < 0.01), but feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) and cost per gain (P < 0.01) were the least for FTMR. Protein digestibility tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for FTMR than STMR and fat digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) for GTMR and FTMR than STMR. FTMR had less (P < 0.01) ruminal NH3‐N content than STMR. Total volatile fatty acids post‐feeding was greatest for GTMR (P < 0.01). Ruminal proportions of acetic and butyric acids were greater for FTMR than GTMR (P < 0.05); in contrast, propionic acid was greater for GTMR (P < 0.05). Utilizing silage or total ration fermentation did not negatively impact on ruminal pH. STMR and FTMRs can be used to maintain performance of growing crossbred Holstein steers. 相似文献