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1.
1999-2002年在哈尔滨动物园对21只健康成长的笼养大鸨(Otis tarda)雏鸟进行了人工育雏的研究,总结出成功的育雏方法和经验,并对雏鸟生长发育的各项生理指标如:体重、体长、翅长、尾长、跗蹠、嘴裂、中趾及头宽进行了测定,结果表明:大鸨为早成鸟,其初生体重为86.31+3.56g(n=21),其新出雏雏鸟的环境温度控制在36℃,以后每天降低一度,大鸨的饲喂实行少吃多餐的原则,雏鸟生长发育中雌雄体重从第六周有明显差异,第十四周雄鸨体重是雌鸨体重的1.8倍,可以从体形上明显区别雌雄;雌雄各器官的生长发育差异不显著;大鸨雏鸟各器官的生长符合Logistic曲线增长。图3表2参14 相似文献
2.
1985—1987年,浙北龙山林场松、栎混交林大山雀繁殖种群的年平均密度为每公顷0.85对,明显高于纯马尾松林的0.57对(t=3.50,P<0.05)。1987年招引区的平均密度为每公顷1.48对,分别比同期混交林和纯林内的密度高2.6倍和3.4倍。通过分析大山雀的繁殖生物学,雏鸟食物中松毛虫比率并结合松毛虫种群密度变化,估计在松毛虫种群密度高的年份,大山雀对越冬后松毛虫幼虫的捕食作用约为0.29％,而在松毛虫种群密度低的年份,捕食作用则增加11.24倍,招引区内捕食作用增加29.19倍。 相似文献
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Growth indicators including weight, body length, wings length, tail length, tarsus, gape, the third toe and head width of
21 nestlings of Great Bustard (Otis tarda) were measured and investigated in Harbin Zoo, Harbin, China during 1999–2002, and methods on successfully fostering nestlings
of the bird were also summarized in this article. The results showed: the Great Bustard is a kind of premature bird and its
birth weight was 86.31 ±3.56g (N=21); environmental temperature for the neonatal nestlings should be controlled at 36°C; the
feeding principle “having many meals but little food at each” for the nestlings should be followed; since six weeks after
birth, nestlings of both gender began to show significant difference in body weight, the weight of male was 1.8 times of that
of the female after fourteenth week, and by weight and body figure sexual identity could be easily discerned when 3 or 4 months
old; There is no significant difference in growth and development of all organs between male and female nestlings and organ
growth curves were fit into Logistic equation.
Foundation items: This research was supported by “the 100-Young-Researcher Project” of Chinese Academy of Sciences (BR0301) and National Natural
Science Foundation (30371149). 相似文献
4.
为了研究鸿雁的生长发育规律,试验采用Logistic和Gompertz 2种非线性模型对鸿雁体重变化规律进行拟合。结果表明,Logistic和Gompertz模型均能较好地拟合鸿雁的生长规律,其拟合度均在99%以上。鸿雁的生长快速区间为30～70日龄,其中52日龄左右生长速度最快,可达95.6 g/d。鸿雁在0～30日龄相对生长率最大,在30～70日龄,体重绝对生长最快,因此,鸿雁在0～70日龄应强化饲养管理、提供充足营养,避免疾病、饲养管理变动等不良因素干扰,确保鸿雁快速的生长发育。而70日龄以后,生长强度和绝对生长均逐渐降低,这时可逐渐降低日粮营养水平,饲养管理相对粗放。 相似文献
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北红尾鸲繁殖习性及食性研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
北红尾鸲在辽宁省为夏候鸟,居留期长达半年。以多种昆虫为食,这些昆虫多为农林业的重要害虫,在抑制森林虫害的发生,维持自然生态平衡方面有较重要的作用。通过在宽甸县白石砬子自然保护区的观察,报道了该鸟的求偶与交尾、营巢与产卵,孵卵与育雏等繁殖习性,并对雏鸟的生长变化及食性进行了观察与分析。有助于对该鸟的生态进行深入研究和人工招引与利用。 相似文献
7.
Drought-induced changes in flavonoids and other low molecular weight antioxidants in Cistus clusii grown under Mediterranean field conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mediterranean plants have evolved a complex antioxidant defense system to cope with summer drought. Flavonoids, and particularly flavanols and flavonols, are potent in vitro antioxidants, but their in vivo significance within the complex network of antioxidant defenses remains unclear, especially in plant responses to stress. To gain insight into the role of flavonoids in the antioxidant defense system of Cistus clusii Dunal, we evaluated drought-induced changes in flavonoids in leaves and compared the response of these compounds with that of other low molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic acid, tocopherols and carotenoids). Among the antioxidant flavonoids analyzed, epigallocatechin gallate was present in the greatest concentrations (up to about 5 micromol dm(-2)). Other flavanols, such as epicatechin and epicatechin gallate, were found at concentrations below 0.25 and 0.03 micromol dm(-2), respectively. Neither of the antioxidant flavonols analyzed, quercetin and kaempferol, were detected in C. clusii leaves. Epigallocatechin gallate, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations increased to a similar extent (up to 2.8-, 2.6- and 3.3-fold, respectively) in response to drought, but the kinetics of the drought-induced increases differed. Epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate concentrations increased progressively during drought, reaching maximum values after 30 days of stress. Ascorbic acid concentrations increased twofold after 15 days of drought, and maximum values were attained after 50 days of drought. In contrast, alpha-tocopherol concentrations remained constant during the first 30 days of drought, but increased sharply by 3.3-fold after 50 days of drought. The maximum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry and the extent of lipid peroxidation remained constant throughout the drought period, whereas the redox state of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol shifted toward their reduced forms in response to drought, indicating that the concerted action of low molecular weight antioxidants may help prevent oxidative damage in plants. 相似文献
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[目的]研究雄青斑蝶内生殖器官的形态与发育,可以为青斑蝶的人工繁殖提供理论指导。[方法]采用生殖系统解剖的方法,观察了1 12日龄青斑蝶雄成虫内生殖器官的结构组成,测定了内生殖器官的数值特征参数,并根据内生殖器官各组成部分的特征对雄性内生殖器官的发育进行了分级,以期系统了解青斑蝶雄成虫内生殖器官的形态与发育。[结果]1)雄性青斑蝶的内生殖器官包括1个精巢、2个贮精囊、1对输精管、1对复射精管、1条单射精管和附腺;2)复射精管的直径和单射精管的长度都随日龄的增大而增大;3)随着成虫日龄的增加,精巢中精子束的长度持续变长,贮精囊中的精子束长度在7日龄前快速变长且之后长度趋于稳定;4)随着日龄的增长,雄蝶精巢中精子束的数量逐渐减少,贮精囊中的精子束数量在1 7日龄时逐渐增加,之后维持稳定;复射精管中精子束数量则随着日龄的增长而逐渐增多;5)根据贮精囊和复射精管的发育特征,雄虫的内生殖器官的发育可分为:乳白透明期、精子束输送生长期、精子束大量输送成熟期、精子束补充期。[结论]雄青斑蝶内生殖器官的结构组成与其他蝴蝶相同;精子束在成虫6日龄时发育成熟,并依次释放至贮精囊、复射精管中;青斑蝶雄性内生殖器官的发育可划分为四个发育阶段。 相似文献
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Although intensively managed pine forests are common in the southeastern US, few studies describe how combinations of mechanical (MSP) and chemical site preparation (CSP) and herbaceous weed control (HWC) techniques affect bird communities that use early successional habitats within young pine forests. Therefore, we examined effects of six treatments of increasing management intensity via combinations of MSP (strip-shear and wide spacing or roller chop and narrow spacing) and CSP (application or no application) treatments with banded or broadcast HWC on bird communities in six loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA, for 8 years following site preparation. Wide pine spacing and strip-shear MSP increased bird abundance and species richness over narrow spacing and chopped MSP for 6 years after planting. Chemical SP reduced bird abundance in year 2, increased bird abundance in year 6, had no effect on abundance after year 7, and did not affect species richness in any year. Total bird abundance and species richness were similar between banded and broadcast HWC. Site preparation and HWC had no effect on bird diversity and bird communities were most similar in treatments of similar intensity. Site preparation and HWC had few or no effects on birds based upon migratory status, habitat association, or conservation value. The addition of chemical site preparation or HWC had little effect on birds beyond pine spacing, and bird abundance was not proportional to management intensity. Although we observed treatment effects, all treatments provided habitat used by a variety of bird species, and pine plantations may play an increasingly important role in bird conservation as forests become fragmented and converted to other land uses and as natural processes that create early successional habitat, such as fire, are suppressed. 相似文献
12.
本研究报道沙棘(胡颓子科)对雄性白化病白鼠由铬诱导氧化胁迫的抗氧化活性。氧化胁迫通过对小白鼠进行强制性喂养30 d,以浓度为30 m g/kg的铬相对体重比例的重铬酸钾盐实现。铬促使体重下降,而却明显增加了器官与体重比例。铬处理明显减少了谷胱甘肽的降低,增加了丙二醛和肌氨酸磷酸激酶的水平;而且它还加强了血清中谷氨酸草酰乙酸转移酶和谷氨酸丙酮酸转移酶的浓度。用不同剂量的沙棘叶子提取物(乙醇提取)对保护铬元素诱导的氧化胁迫进行了评估,结果表明叶子提取物在浓度为100到250 m g/kg铬与体重比的情况下可以明显保护动物避免由铬所诱导的氧化伤害。 相似文献
13.
2004—2007年,对向海保护区内的丹顶鹤进行了人工繁育试验与研究,结果表明,保证孵化期的温度与湿度至关重要,温度应控制在37．0℃-38．0℃之间,湿度控制在55°F-65°F之间;在育雏期间应注意各种疾病的预防和治疗;鹤雏成长速度快慢随日龄而变化,30-50d成长较快;90日龄后鹤雏便会飞翔,个体与成年鹤相差无几。 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2):17-45
Abstract We examined how canopy patterns at the landscape scale can influence bird community composition, abundance, or distribution. Our long-term goal is to determine how diseases and other small-scale disturbances that change canopy patterns influence bird distribution. Little is known about these relationships, partly because most measures of disturbance are based on timber production metrics. We developed a spatially dependent metric referred to as canopy closure roughness, which was significantly correlated to bird diversity on 4 ha sample plots, and used it to generate a spatial model showing the distribution of bird diversity at a resolution of 30 mover an area of 1 million acres (the entire Black Hills National Forest). Number of bird species per stand varied between 2 and 16. Number of species and bird diversity were positively related to intensity of tree cutting. Most common bird species were yellow-rumped warbler, dark-eyed junco, Townsend's solitaire, black-capped chickadee and red-breasted nuthatch. The spatial model of bird diversity showed clusters of high diversity at different locations within the forest. These methods may help lead to better tools for managing the linkages between specific disturbances and bird usage and enable more effective disturbance management by offering a platform for spatial planning. 相似文献
16.
水分胁迫对扁桃砧木干物质和叶绿素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以新疆常用的扁桃砧木石头扁桃和毛桃的1年生实生苗为材料,设置土壤相对含水量分别为田间最大持水量的100%、80%、60%、40%和20%5个处理,研究了不同水分胁迫条件对其干物质和叶绿素含量的影响。水分胁迫处理第10、20、30天后取样,测定其叶绿素含量;在水分胁迫处理第30天取样测定其干物质含量。结果表明:2个供试品种对水分胁迫的反应一致。在土壤相对含水量为80%时,总干物质含量和叶质量比最高,土壤相对含水量较多或较少都会减少干物质的积累,石头扁桃总干物质含量和叶质量比的下降幅度大于毛桃。根质量比和根冠比在土壤相对含水量为80%时最低,随着水分胁迫程度的加剧,根质量比和根冠比升高,石头扁桃的升高幅度大于毛桃。在土壤相对含水量为80%时叶绿素a和叶绿素(a b)的含量最高,随着胁迫程度的加剧和时间的延长,叶绿素a和叶绿素(a b)的含量降低,石头扁桃的降低幅度大于毛桃。 相似文献
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To determine the lifespan of Siebold’s beech (Fagus crenata), a dominant canopy tree species of the cool temperate forests of Japan, we estimated the age of 33 mature beech trees felled
by a large typhoon in September 2004 at Karibayama, in southern Hokkaido. The study site lies within one of the northernmost
distributions of Siebold’s beech populations in Japan. We counted tree rings from tree disks at a height of 1 m, and diameter
growth was measured in annual increments. The sample age revealed two major peaks at 240 and 175 years. The diameter growth
was good between 40 and 60 years of age and gradually decreased after 70 years of age. Annual diameter increments were noticeably
small in good fruiting years, indicating a large allocation of annual carbon gains to the reproductive organs. Bud scale counts
of juvenile trees revealed that the age at which the height reached 1 m was approximately 6–13 years. The lifespan of Siebold’s
beech in the Karibayama population was therefore estimated to be approximately 250 years, an estimation that is higher than
that previously reported for this species in the northernmost populations. 相似文献
18.
Bird species diversity and bird species richness were surveyed in a natural mixed forest (mature forest) and in a coniferous
plantation (30–40 years old) monthly from 1990 to 1994. These forests were 20 km apart and had similar weather conditions
and soil types. There were larch and cedar plantations, and hardwoods along streams in the coniferous plantation. In the natural
mixed forest, 55 bird species were found, whereas 40 species were recorded in the coniferous plantation. The species diversity
of bird communities was significantly higher in the natural mixed forest than in the coniferous plantation mixed with hardwood
trees. This result indicates that the coniferous plantation mixed with hardwood trees, presumed to be a more simplified environment,
is likely to be less inhabitable for many bird species than the natural mixed forest, suggesting a relationship between the
diversity of the forest environment and the diversity of the bird community. A higher number of bird species was recorded
in the small coniferous forest mixed with hardwood trees compared with those in the coniferous plantation. The mixing of broad-leaved
trees in a coniferous plantation was suggested to be effective in increasing number of bird species. These tendencies were
recorded all through the year during our study. In snow-covering periods, both the diversity and the bird species richness
fell in all study sites every year. Snow cover would have greater effect on bird species diversity in the coniferous plantation
than in other forest types probably due to diet shortages caused by the snow cover over the forest floor. 相似文献
19.
本文通过对1－8年生兰考泡桐生物量的研究，揭示了各器官之间的内在联系以及变化规律；泡桐各器官生物量与（－／D1.3^2H)有密切相关关系；树干生物量向上呈递减趋势；在中、幼龄阶段、细枝所占的比例较大，其次为中枝、大枝，6－7年以后大枝最重，其次为中枝、小枝；在树根生物量中，根桩所占的比例最大（40％－60％），各级根系生物量随树龄而异，树龄增加，较粗的根占的比例增大，而直长4cm以下的根呈减小趋势，全株各器官生物量3年生前顺序为：根＞干＞叶＞枝；3年生后为：干＞枝＞根＞叶＞花＞果。 相似文献
20.
光叶子花不同叶位叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以光叶子花炼苗60 d组培苗为材料,对光叶子花不同叶位叶绿素含量、呼吸作用(Re)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、净光合速(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶面饱和水汽压亏缺(Vpdl)等进行了测定。试验结果表明,光叶子花叶片单位重量和单位面积叶绿素含量、净光合速度和水分利用效率(WUE)均随叶位上升呈先增大后减小趋势变化,其最大值都出现在第6叶位叶片;叶片呼吸速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均随叶位上升而减小;叶片胞间CO2浓度随叶位上升呈先减小后增大变化;叶面饱和水汽压亏缺随叶位上升而增大。由于光叶子花中部叶片叶绿素含量、Pn和WUE相对较高,因此在今后的栽培管理中应对中部叶片加强保护。 相似文献