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1.
对民勤境内沙质草地发育成熟期和发育中期两种不同条件下白刺群落的结构特征及分布格局进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)不同发育阶段白刺群落的结构特征差异不明显,均呈现植被稀疏,结构单一的特征,几乎没有其他的灌木物种分布,零星伴有芦苇、刺蓬、骆驼蓬等草本植物,建群种白刺优势明显。(2)不同发育阶段群落白刺的生长状况差异明显,发育成熟期群落白刺的密度及盖度高于发育中期群落;发育中期群落白刺在整个生长季都有较高的生长量,而发育成熟期群落白刺在整个生长季生长量很小,已基本没有生长能力。(3)不同发育阶段白刺群落长势均较稳定,但更新苗很少,在没有人为干预促进更新的状况下,随着植株的逐渐增长并老化,白刺群落将走向衰败,最终导致草地沙化。 相似文献
2.
《西部林业科学》2015,(4)
为比较唐古特白刺和小果白刺在高寒干旱地区的适生性,以1年生2种白刺的盘栽苗为研究对象,对7.5%、7.6%~12.5%、12.6%~17.5%等6种土壤水分含量条件下唐古特白刺和小果白刺叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率等光合生理参数进行测定分析。结果表明,在青海高寒地区,唐古特白刺和小果白刺分别在21.92%和17.67%的土壤含水量时,达到最大净光合速率;在土壤含水量为17.72%和17.55%时,具有最大蒸腾速率;2种白刺能够维持较高水分利用效率的土壤含水量分别是11.85%和13.31%。说明唐古特白刺适宜在水分条件相对较高的区域生长,而小果白刺在干旱缺水的条件下生存能力更强。 相似文献
3.
以乌兰布和沙漠东北缘黄灌区和井灌区绿洲外围天然半固定白刺群落为研究对象，主要采用VerHoef等1989年修正的多规模排序法，Dale等提出的格局强度、格局一致性指标以及Noy-Meir等移动的样方加权平均值，对比分析了两个群落的植被格局特点，包括格局规模、不同格局规模上植物种的组合、植被沿样带的变化，格局强度以及格局的一致性。结果表明：两个半固定白刺群落格局都是白刺单种群控制的灌木格局。相同的植物种在不同的格局规模以及不同的环境条件下，种间联结关系会不一样。与井灌区绿洲外围半固定白刺群落相比，黄灌区绿洲外围的半固定白刺群落平均格局规模数较多，格局规模相对较大，相应的格局强度较低，格局一致性相对较差。 相似文献
4.
以乌拉特荒漠草原区白刺属、锦鸡儿属为建群种的植物群落为研究对象,采用样方调查法,测定其生物量,研究其防风固沙、保持水土的机理。结果表明:(1)白刺属植物群落的灌木层生物量比锦鸡儿属植物群落的灌木层生物量高,而锦鸡儿属植物群落草本层生物量比白刺属植物群落的草本层生物量高,白刺属植物群落的灌木层生物量与草本层生物量呈正相关,锦鸡儿属植物群落的灌木层生物量与草本层生物量呈负相关关系;(2)白刺属植物群落中小果白刺群落草本生物量与土壤含水率呈显著性相关(P<0.05),唐古特白刺群落和大白刺群落草本生物量与土壤含水率呈极显著相关(P<0.01);土壤容重是影响锦鸡儿属植物群落草本生物量的主要因子,其中甘蒙锦鸡儿群落和柠条锦鸡儿群落草本生物量与土壤容重呈极显著相关关系(P<0.01),狭叶锦鸡儿群落草本生物量与土壤容重呈显著相关关系(P<0.05);(3)土壤的全氮和总磷含量对狭叶锦鸡儿植物群落内草本地下和总生物量具极显著相关性,土壤pH、土壤全氮和土壤总磷含量与唐古特白刺群落内草本地上生物量具显著相关性(P<0.05),土壤有机质含量与唐古特白刺群落内草本地上生物量具极显著相关性(P<0.01)。 相似文献
5.
濒危植物短柄五加光合特性及其与生态因子的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对短柄五加在林下和开阔地生境中的光合特性及其与内外因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明，林下植株的光合补偿点，饱和点，最大净光合速率，暗呼吸速率均小于开阔地上植株，表观光合量子产额相差不大，开阔地上短柄五加植株光合日变化呈明显的单峰类型；其日光合总量大于林下植株，林下光合有效辐射强度，空气温度和相对湿度对林下植株的净光合速率具有显著影响，开阔地短柄五加多年生植株的净光合速率主要受光合有效辐射强度和空气温度的影响。 相似文献
6.
民勤绿洲荒漠过渡区辐射特征与热量平衡规律研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据巴丹吉林沙漠与腾格里沙漠交汇处的民勤绿洲荒漠过渡区的长期连续实测资料 ,分析了该地区的辐射特征 ,研究了热量平衡各分量的变化特征及热量平衡规律。在绿洲荒漠过渡区 ,其太阳辐射、净辐射和反射辐射具有明显的日进程和季节变化规律 ;太阳辐射月总量最大值 (12 0 2 3 3kW·m- 2 )出现在 8月份 ,最小值(5 2 0 6 5kW·m- 2 )出现在 11月份 ;流动沙丘表面的反射率高于有植被覆盖的红柳和白刺灌丛沙丘表面的反射率 ,在植被生长季节更为明显 ,反射率日最大值分别为流动沙丘 (37 5 % ) >白刺沙丘 (2 9 7% ) >红柳沙丘 (2 7 9% ) ;流动沙丘表面接受的净辐射是植被覆盖区的 5 0 %～ 70 %左右。在绿洲荒漠过渡区生态系统的热量平衡中 ,占比例最大的是潜热通量 ,其次为感热通量和土壤热通量。随着荒漠化程度的加深 ,生态系统反射率增加 ,净辐射减少 ,而且热量平衡中感热通量和土壤热通量所占比例增加 ,而潜热通量比例减小。 相似文献
7.
8.
球果白刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)作为巴音温都尔沙漠的重要建群种,具有很高的饲用价值和防风固沙作用。为了探究巴音温都尔沙漠球果白刺在不同干扰程度下灌丛空间格局分布的差异,通过每公顷放牧骆驼的数量来划定不同干扰程度的群落(未干扰群落,骆驼0峰/hm^2;轻度干扰群落,骆驼约0.6峰/hm^2;中度干扰群落,骆驼约1峰/hm^2),分析不同干扰程度对球果白刺灌丛空间点格局分布的影响。结果表明:(1)群落内的球果白刺现存量干重从大到小依次为未干扰的群落(73.33 g/m^2)>轻度干扰的群落(17.67 g/m^2)>中度干扰的群落(13.58 g/m^2);空斑总面积从大到小依次为中度干扰的群落(2 335 m^2)>轻度干扰的群落(2 241.25 m^2)>未干扰的群落(2 143 m^2)。(2)样方内的球果白刺数量从多到少依次为中度干扰的群落(459株)>轻度干扰的群落(272株)>未干扰的群落(142株),随着干扰程度的降低,个体在逐渐增大。(3)中度干扰的球果白刺群落内,在0~3 m、4~19 m的尺度内表现为随机分布,在3~4 m、19~25 m的尺度内表现为聚集分布。轻度干扰的球果白刺群落内,在0~12 m、13~25 m的尺度内表现为随机分布,在12~13 m的尺度内表现为聚集分布。未干扰的群落内,球果白刺表现为随机分布。 相似文献
9.
基于野外调查资料，运用种群生态学数量分析方法，研究民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带固沙植被群落的空间分异规律。结果表明：(1)坝区固沙植被以沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)-沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)-沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)群丛为主，具有超旱生特征；泉山区固沙植被主要是白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)-沙蒿-五星蒿(Bassia dasyphylla)群丛，以沙堆天然灌丛为主；湖区固沙植被以白刺-芦苇(Phragmites australis)-猪毛菜(Salsola collina)群丛为主，以湿生耐盐碱植物种为主。(2)坝区固沙植被群落结构复杂程度最高；泉山区固沙植被群落的物种组成相似性较高。(3)坝区植物种总体上呈现显著正联结关系，泉山区和湖区植物种总体上呈现不显著负联结关系，种间联结性不强；坝区生态位宽度最大的植物种为沙拐枣，泉山区、湖区均为白刺。民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带固沙植被空间分异明显，未来区域植被管理应重视对乡土优势植物种的精准保护和恢复。 相似文献
10.
在乌兰布和沙漠东缘即内蒙古磴口县,利用Li-6400xt便携式光合测定系统分析仪测定不同增雨处理(4个增雨处理的增雨量分别是当地年降水量的25％、50％、75％和100％)条件下,典型荒漠植物白刺的光响应曲线,采用非直角双曲线模型对曲线进行拟合,计算最大净光合速率(Amax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)以及光饱和点(LSP)等生理参数,研究白刺光合生理特性对人工模拟增雨的响应.结果表明:对照的Amax、AQY、Rd、LCP和LSP分别为13.41 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.029 mol·mol-1、0.61 μmol·m-2·s-1、20.63 μmol·m-2·s-1和481.85 μmol· m-2·s-1.增雨使白刺的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、Amax、AQY和Rd升高,使水分利用效率(WUE)降低.增雨处理在一定程度上改变白刺的光合生理特性,提高白刺的光合生产能力.对胞间CO2浓度和气孔限制值的变化分析表明:气孔因素是限制光饱和阶段光合速率的主要因素. 相似文献
11.
作为森林生态系统一个重要的呼吸通量,叶片呼吸在森林碳循环中扮演着重要的角色。开展叶片呼吸的机理及其影响因子研究,有助于构建大气和植被之间的呼吸通量模型,预测分析气候变化对森林生态系统生产力和碳源汇功能的影响。通常采用Li - 6400光合测定系统和LAI - 2000树冠分析仪测定森林生态系统叶片呼吸速率。叶片呼吸是一个复杂的生物化学过程,受到大气温度、CO2浓度、土壤水分、叶片寿命、叶龄、比叶面积、叶片氮含量等多种因子的影响。叶片呼吸的日变化通常呈单峰曲线,与温度变化大体一致; 生长季早期和晚期的呼吸速率通常高于中期; 叶片在冠层着生位置影响其呼吸速率,冠层上部叶片的呼吸速率要高于冠层下部叶片。今后叶片呼吸研究应围绕以下4个关键问题:1) 模型构建时需要考虑叶片呼吸的温度驯化;2) 叶片呼吸在昼夜交替时内在调节机制;3) 从叶片呼吸到冠层呼吸的尺度转化;4) 加强和完善叶片呼吸影响因子研究。 相似文献
12.
The role of morphological versus physiological foliar plasticity in the capacity for, and mechanisms of, photosynthetic acclimation was assessed in Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Abies alba Mill. saplings in a forest gap-understory light gradient (relative irradiance, RI, ranging from 0.02 to 0.32). The species investigated showed a similar foliar morphological plasticity along the light gradient, at both the needle level (through alteration in leaf dry mass per area) and the shoot level (through alteration in the silhouette area ratio, e.g., shoot silhouette to projected needle area ratio). In both species chlorophyll (Chl) concentration on a mass basis decreased at increasing RI, but was independent of RI when expressed on an area basis. In contrast, leaf N concentration on a mass basis was independent of RI, but was positively influenced by RI when expressed on an area basis. The parameters describing photosynthetic performance at low light (dark respiration rate, apparent quantum yield and light compensation point) suggest that Abies alba was better suited to maintain a positive carbon balance in shaded conditions. By contrast, parameters describing biochemical capacity at high light (maximum electron transport rate, Jmax and maximum ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylation capacity, Vcmax) indicate that only Picea abies was capable of acclimating physiologically to high photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) by increasing nitrogen partitioning to Rubisco and Vcmax/mass by increasing RI. These results support the hypothesis that interspecific differences in nitrogen partitioning within the photosynthetic apparatus may provide a mechanistic basis for species separation along a light gradient. The differences in photosynthetic plasticity observed are likely to influence regeneration patterns and habitat breadth of the species investigated. The limited ability of Abies alba saplings to exploit high-light conditions may be a competitive disadvantage in large canopy gaps and thus limit recruitment of this species to small gaps. 相似文献
13.
Tree occurrence in silvopastoral systems of Central America has been under pressure for various reasons including attempts to improve grassland productivity and the need for wood. However, scattered isolated trees are also recognized to provide ecosystem services like shade, fodder and fruits that are important to cattle in the dry season. In addition, trees may enhance the climate change mitigation potential of silvopastoral systems through increased carbon (C) uptake and subsequent soil carbon sequestration. Through differences in plant traits like nutrient uptake, canopy structure and litter quality, tree species may have an effect on C and nutrient cycling. Due to a prevailing north-easterly wind in the study area, three distinct areas associated with the impact of tree litter deposition were identified: (1) open pasture—no tree litter deposition; (2) tree canopy—above and belowground tree litter; and (3) leaf litter cone—aboveground tree litter deposition. Furthermore, the effect of tree species, Guazuma ulmifolia and Crescentia alata, were considered. The presence of trees, as compared to pasture, caused larger topsoil C, N and P contents. In the subsoil, C content was also larger due to tree presence. Soil fractionation showed that tree-induced larger litter input subsequently increased free and occluded OM fractions and ultimately increased stabilized SOM fractions. Therefore, trees were found to enhance soil C sequestration in these silvopastoral systems. This is also supported by the soil respiration data. Although the respiration rates in the pasture subplots were lower than in the leaf litter subplots, the difference was not significant, which suggests that part of the extra C input to the leaf litter subplots stayed in the soil. Nutrient cycling was also enhanced by tree presence, but with a clear differentiation between species. C. alata (Jícaro) enhanced available and stabilized forms of organic N, while G. ulmifolia (Guácimo) enhanced available soil P and stabilized organic P. 相似文献
14.
Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh (tropical ash), a species introduced to Hawaii from Mexico, invades forests of the endemic tree Acacia koa A.Gray (koa). We examined physiological and morphological characteristics of koa and tropical ash to explore possible mechanisms that may facilitate invasion of koa forests by tropical ash. Seedlings of both species were grown in a greenhouse in three light treatments: 100% photosynthetic photon flux (PPF); 18% PPF; and 2% PPF inside the greenhouse. Light compensation point, maximum CO2 assimilation rate and dark respiration rate of seedlings differed significantly among light treatments, but were similar between species. A defoliation experiment indicated that tropical ash was better able to survive defoliation than koa, especially under high-light conditions. Tropical ash seedlings allocated more carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to storage per unit PPF than koa seedlings. Total nonstructural carbohydrates were positively correlated with plant survival in both species. The patterns of C and N allocation associated with tropical ash seedlings favor their survival in high light, under intense herbivory and on sites where N availability is seasonal or highly variable. Variation in carbohydrate storage between koa and tropical ash greatly exceeded variation in photosynthetic performance at the leaf level. 相似文献
15.
绿洲外围沙冬青群落多种群多规模格局特点研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以乌兰布和沙漠东北缘黄灌区绿洲以及井灌区绿洲外围天然沙冬青群落为研究对象,采用Ver Hoef修正的多规模排序法和Dale提出的格局强度及多种群格局一致性指标等分析方法,分析两个群落内的多种群多规模格局、多规模格局内植物种的贡献率及其组合、格局强度以及格局一致性,探讨两种灌溉模式绿洲外围植被的空间分布格局特点、不同格局规模上植物种间关系,为该区人工防治荒漠化及植被恢复提供依据.研究结果表明:黄灌区绿洲外围沙冬青群落格局规模较小,而井灌区绿洲外围沙冬青群落格局规模相对较大;两个群落都以多种群灌木格局为主;黄灌区绿洲外围沙冬青群落整体格局强度相对较大,但格局一致性却相对较低.而井灌区则正好相反,整体格局强度相对较小,但格局一致性却较高. 相似文献
16.
升高气温对旱柳光合和生长的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
工业革命以来 ,大气ＣＯ2 含量增加了 30 % ,预计到 2 1世纪中叶大气ＣＯ2 含量将增加 1倍。与此同时 ,ＣＨ4、Ｎ2 Ｏ、ＣＦＣｓ等温室气体的排放也不断增加 (Ｖｉｔｏｕｓｅｋ ,1 994)。这些温室气体含量的增加必将导致全球性气候变化 (Ｖｉｔｏｕｓｅｋ ,1 994;Ｍｃｌｅｏｄｅｔａｌ.,1 999)。根据大气环流模型 (ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌｓ,ＧＣＭｓ)的预测 ,2 1世纪全球气温将可能平均升高 1 5～ 4 5℃ (Ｈｏｕｇｈｔｏｎｅｔａｌ.,1 996)。在 1 95 1～ 1 989年的约 40ａ间 ,中国半干旱区的平均气温升高了 0 5… 相似文献
17.
Soil temperature is proposed to affect the photosynthetic rate and carbon allocation in boreal trees through sink limitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on CO(2) exchange, biomass partitioning and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi of boreal tree species. We measured carbon allocation, above- and below-ground CO(2) exchange and the species composition of associated ECM fungi in the rhizosphere of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies K.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings grown in soil maintained at 7-12, 12-15 and 16-22 °C. We found increased root biomass and photosynthetic rate at higher soil temperatures, but simultaneously with photosynthesis rate, higher temperature generally increased soil respiration as well as shoot, and root and rhizosphere respiration. The net CO(2) exchange and seedling biomass did not increase significantly with increasing temperature due to a concomitant increase in carbon assimilation and respiration rates. The 2-month-long growth period in different soil temperatures did not alter the ECM fungi species composition and the below-ground carbon sink strength did not seem to be directly related to ECM biomass and species composition in any of the tree species. Ectomycorrhizal species composition and number of mycorrhiza did not explain the CO(2) exchange results at different temperatures. 相似文献
18.
Variability of leaf traits related to photosynthesis was assessed in seedlings from 14 tree species growing in the tropical rain forest of French Guiana. Leaf photosynthetic capacity (maximum rate of carboxylation and maximum rate of electron transport) was estimated by fitting a biochemical model of photosynthesis to response curves of net CO2 assimilation rate versus intercellular CO2 mole fraction. Leaf morphology described by leaf mass per unit leaf area (LMA), density and thickness, as well as area- and mass-based nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) concentrations, were recorded on the same leaves. Large interspecific variability was detected in photosynthetic capacity as well as in leaf structure and leaf N and C concentrations. No correlation was found between leaf thickness and density. The correlations between area- and mass-based leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity were poor. Conversely, the species differed greatly in relative N allocation to carboxylation and bioenergetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that, of the recorded traits, only the computed fraction of total leaf N invested in photosynthesis was tightly correlated to photosynthetic capacity. We also used PCA to test to what extent species with similar shade tolerances displayed converging leaf traits related to photosynthesis. No clear-cut ranking could be detected among the shade-tolerant groups, as confirmed by a one-way ANOVA. We conclude that the large interspecific diversity in photosynthetic capacity was mostly explained by differences in the relative allocation of N to photosynthesis and not by leaf N concentration, and that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity did not discriminate shade-tolerance ranking of these tropical tree species. 相似文献
19.
Lianas differ from trees in many life history characteristics, and we predicted that they are phenotypically more responsive to environmental variation than trees. We analyzed responsiveness to light and nutrient availability of five Bauhinia species (three lianas and two trees). Seedlings were grown in a shade house in two light regimes (5 and 25% of full sunlight) and two nutrient supply regimes (field soil and N fertilization equivalent to 100 kg ha(-1)), and important growth-related physiological and morphological plant parameters were measured. Light availability affected most of the measured variables, whereas N addition had only weak effects. In the four light-demanding species (two lianas and two trees), relative plant biomass growth rate increased and specific leaf area (SLA) decreased with increased light availability, whereas a shade-tolerant liana did not respond. Leaf N concentration and light-saturated photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area increased in response to increased irradiance or soil N in the light-demanding tree species and the shade-tolerant liana, but not in the two light-demanding lianas. The light-demanding lianas also had higher SLA and leaf mass ratio, resulting in a higher leaf area ratio (LAR) in high light, whereas the light-demanding trees did not. Across all treatments, mean plasticity indices of physiological and morphological traits, and all traits combined were similar among the studied species. Plasticity was higher in response to light than to N, indicating that light is the main factor controlling seedling responses of the studied species. Although lianas and trees did not differ in mean plasticity in response to light and N, the light-demanding lianas were phenotypically less plastic in LAR and in photosynthetic rates and biomass allocation than the trees. Light and N interacted in their effects on most physiological variables, but the consequences for relative growth rate differed little among species. We conclude that, contrary to our predictions, lianas were no more responsive to variation in light and N availability than trees. 相似文献
20.
杉木营养平衡与苗木干物质的分配关系 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
详细研究了不同营养 (N、P、NP)条件下杉木苗木干物质在根冠的分配规律 ,结果表明 ,不同的营养条件可导致苗木光合产物在根冠发生明显再分配 ,苗木的营养状态和根冠干物质分配的关系规律可应用异速生长模型y =axk 来描述和刻划。基于营养与光合产物在根冠的再分配规律及异速生长模型参数k值对营养胁迫反应的敏感性变化规律 ,提出了新的营养平衡理论和营养诊断方法 (称之为苗木群体营养诊断法 )。营养诊断法则为 :(1)在某一营养条件下 ,如果苗木异速生长模型参数k <1时 ,表明根系相对生长速率高于冠层相对生长速率 ,苗木处于营养亏缺状态 ;(2 )当k >1时 ,表明苗木冠层相对生长速率高于根系 ,苗木处于营养过剩状态 ,一般在自然条件下 ,k >1是不会出现的 ;(3)当k =1时 ,表明根系和冠层相对生长速率相等 ,苗木处于营养平衡状态。根据新的营养诊断方法 ,制定了杉木叶片和土壤营养诊断标准 ,并通过大量的杉木幼、中、近熟林施肥试验结果验证了营养平衡理论的正确性。 相似文献