共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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以花鲈为目标对象,研究其野生幼鱼对人工鱼礁模型的行为反应和选择性,为花鲈的资源养护技术研发提供参考。试验池(4.5 m×4.0 m×2.0 m)均分为72个平面观测网格单元(0.5 m×0.5 m),池中心网格为礁模型放置区。笔者试制6种人工鱼礁模型(棱台形、方形和星形框架×有、无牡蛎),通过室内模拟试验,分析比较花鲈幼鱼在礁区放置不同模型时的趋集行为和分布特征。试验结果显示,未放鱼礁时,花鲈幼鱼在试验池中呈分散均匀分布,单个观测网格的最高分布率为6.65%,空白礁区的平均分布率为1.19%;放入礁体,花鲈幼鱼经短暂巡游试探后集群入礁,鱼群主体分布在礁区,礁区的平均分布率>20%、集群出现率>75%。相较于无牡蛎礁型,有牡蛎礁型中花鲈幼鱼响应和聚集时间长,礁区平均分布率(32.2%～49.9%)更高,集群优势更明显,其中以结构最简单的方形牡蛎礁组内的礁区分布率最高,个体离礁距离和群体重心离礁距离最短,集鱼效果最明显。方差分析结果显示,花鲈幼鱼的趋集行为参数和聚集效果在6种礁型间的差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。试验结果表明,野生花鲈幼鱼具有一定的趋礁性,放置礁体可... 相似文献
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为了建立黄鳍棘鲷微卫星亲子鉴定技术,利用荧光引物和自动测序技术检测了自主开发的12对微卫星分子标记在505尾黄鳍棘鲷个体中的遗传多态性,并构建了亲子鉴定技术。结果显示,该研究中筛选的12个微卫星标记共检测到119个等位基因,平均等位基因数(N_a)为9.91,平均观测杂合度(H_o)为0.651,平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.661,平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.621,具有丰富的多态性。此外,运用Cervus 3.0软件对已知系谱信息的112尾黄鳍棘鲷亲本和393尾子代个体进行模拟分析,结果显示,当双亲未知且置信度为95%时,12个标记的累积排除概率达99.58%;当微卫星标记数量为8时,累积排除概率达到99.1%。因此确定AL49、AL37、AL01、AL20、AL14、AL18、AL15和AL51共8个多态性较高的微卫星标记为黄鳍棘鲷微卫星亲子鉴定的核心体系。在双亲性别未知的情况下,其双亲的累积排除率为99.1%。根据黄鳍棘鲷子代的实际基因分型数据,实际鉴定率为89.31%。该研究构建的微卫星标记组合能为黄鳍棘鲷不同家系混养后的亲子鉴定、种群选育和分子辅助家系管理提供科学的技术手段。 相似文献
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黄鳍棘鲷(Acanthopagruslatus)是我国东南沿海地区分布的特色经济鱼类和增殖放流鱼类,研究黄鳍棘鲷的食性变化特征有助于了解其的食物来源及其在食物网中的功能地位。通过胃含物形态学和18SrRNA基因高通量测序的方法分析了万山群岛海域不同年龄(1～3龄)黄鳍棘鲷的食性变化特征。形态学鉴定发现黄鳍棘鲷胃含物中有贝类、蟹类和食糜。18S rRNA基因高通量测序共鉴定出黄鳍棘鲷胃含物中有真核生物16门84种,黄鳍棘鲷主要的食物来源为节肢动物门的锈斑蟳(Charybdis feriatus)和腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis),软体动物门的变化短齿蛤(Brachidontesvariabilis),脊索动物门的圆吻海鰶(Nematalosanasus),红藻门的条斑紫菜(Neopyropia yezoensis),其共占总食物来源的66.73%。万山群岛黄鳍棘鲷主要以动物性饵料为食,对植物性饵料的摄食相对较少。对1～3龄黄鳍棘鲷食性的研究发现,随着年龄的增加,黄鳍棘鲷的主要摄食种类逐渐由节肢动物门和软体动物门转向脊索动物门,摄食的生物物种数量逐渐减少。研究... 相似文献
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人工鱼礁的矩形间隙对黑鲷幼鱼聚集效果的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解人工鱼礁的矩形间隙大小对鱼类行为产生的影响,实验利用特征礁体的不同组合来模拟人工鱼礁矩形间隙的大小,在来流速度分别为19.1、23.4和27.7 cm/s情况下,探讨不同礁体矩形间隙(水平、垂直)的大小对黑鲷幼鱼行为产生的影响,总结出黑鲷幼鱼的喜好流速范围。实验结果表明:当礁体矩形间隙设计为水平38.8 cm时,相对其他情况来说,黑鲷幼鱼具有最大趋礁率43.1%,对应的喜好流速范围为9.6～23.4 cm/s;当礁体矩形间隙设置为垂直20 cm时,黑鲷有最大趋礁率50.1%,对应的喜好流速范围为6.7～27.9 cm/s。总体来说,礁体矩形间隙设计为水平时的集鱼效果要好于礁体矩形间隙设计为垂直时。 相似文献
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人工鱼礁和大型海藻对许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼幼鱼的诱集作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究大型海藻和人工鱼礁对鱼类的诱集作用,依据崂山湾人工鱼礁区游泳动物和大型海藻调查结果,以海黍子、孔石莼、带形蜈蚣藻、石花菜和小珊瑚藻5种优势藻类,许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼2种优势鱼类以及人工鱼礁模型为研究对象,于室内实验水槽观察了许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼幼鱼在海藻和模型礁中的行为反应和分布。结果显示,水槽中未投放模型礁和海藻时,实验鱼密集出现在水槽边缘区(A9),分布率分别为75.71%±7.79%和73.63%±4.41%。放入模型礁和海藻丛后,许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼出现短暂的排斥反应,然后迅速聚集其中;2种鱼对带形蜈蚣藻的响应时间最短[(12.75~21.00)s],对模型礁的响应时间最长[(66.50~151.25)s];带形蜈蚣藻聚集许氏平鲉用时最短[(151.50±8.14)s],海黍子聚集大泷六线鱼用时最短[(56.00±2.53)s];大泷六线鱼对模型礁的聚集时间为(216.25±5.59)s,远低于许氏平鲉(1343.50±5.38)s;2种鱼在模型礁中的停留时间远长于海藻丛,且大泷六线鱼的停留时间(211.85±7.96)s长于许氏平鲉(199.75±16.82)s。海藻丛和模型礁对2种岩礁性幼鱼的诱集效果明显,实验区幼鱼的分布率由未投放模型礁和海藻前的0.91%~8.78%上升到4.21%~31.42%;高密度带形蜈蚣藻和海黍子的诱集效果最好,对许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼的聚集率分别达到30.42%±1.14%和31.42%±1.74%,而低密度小珊瑚藻的诱集作用不明显。 相似文献
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3种人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的诱集效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究箱体礁(M1型)、三角形礁(M2型)、框架礁(M3型) 3种不同构造的人工鱼礁对黑棘鲷(Sparus macrocephlus)的诱集效果,通过室内模拟试验观察了不同人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的活动和分布影响。结果表明:未放置人工鱼礁模型时,黑棘鲷随机分布于各试验区域;放置的3种人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷均具有一定的诱集效果,其中以有效空间最大、遮蔽效果最好的M1型人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的诱集效果最佳; M2、M3型人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的诱集效果随着礁体模型有效空间、遮蔽效果的减弱而逐渐降低,但数值分析结果表明,3种人工鱼礁模型对黑棘鲷的诱集效果之间不存在显著性差异(P 0. 05)。3种鱼礁对黑棘鲷的诱集效果差异可能由礁体模型的构造差异和黑棘鲷的习性共同决定。 相似文献
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为探明分布于我国华南沿海的黄鳍棘鲷群体的遗传多样性与遗传分化状况,实验采用线粒体控制区(D-loop)基因序列分析华南沿海的厦门、汕尾、阳江、海口、三亚、北海、钦州和防城港8个地理位置的黄鳍棘鲷群体的遗传多样性及群体遗传结构。结果显示,黄鳍棘鲷8个群体320条D-loop序列全长为947～958 bp。共检测到29个插入或缺失位点和210个变异位点,其中简约信息位点142个,单一变异位点68个;总体的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性(H_d)、平均核苷酸差异和核苷酸多样性(π)分别为210、268、0.998 43、14.790 65和0.015 70。聚类分析结果显示,8个群体被聚类为以琼州海峡分隔的东和西两个组群;8个群体间的遗传分化系数(F_(ST))为-0.012 68～0.466 74,基因流(N_m)为0.571 26～∞。方差分析显示组群间、组群内群体间和群体内个体间的核苷酸遗传变异分别为33.42%、0.32%和66.26%。中性检验显示Tajima’s D为-1.694 77,Fu’s Fs为-23.683 39,表明华南沿海黄鳍棘鲷经历了种群扩张事件。研究表明,中国华南沿海黄鳍棘鲷群体遗传多样性比较丰富,根据研究结果可以以琼州海峡为分界分为东组群和西组群2个管理单位进行种质保护。 相似文献
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人工鱼礁对防城港海域小型岩礁性鱼类诱集效果研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探究人工鱼礁聚鱼效果,于 2017 年 2 月、4 月、9 月和 11 月主要通过声学探测技术,对防城港海域渔业资源密度、空间分布与大小组成进行了调查研究。结果显示,防城港人工鱼礁区及其临近海域 4 次调查共捕获各类游泳生物和底栖无脊椎动物 201 种,包括鱼类 126 种、蟹类 32 种、虾类 20 种、虾蛄类 11 种和头足类 12 种。双因素方差分析结果表明,调查海域渔业资源密度在时空层面上均存在显著性差异(P<0.001),且交互作用显著(P<0.001)。2 月调查海域人工鱼礁区渔业资源密度(547745 ind/n mile2)约为其周边海域(203990 ind/n mile2)的 2.68倍,表现出明显的聚鱼效果。其中,二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)、多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、花斑蛇鲻(Sauridaundosquamis)等岩礁性底层鱼类为该季度主要优势种类。各航次人工鱼礁区小型个体所占比重较高,其平均目标强度(TS)分别为 55.6 dB(2 月)、 54.5 dB(4 月)、 53.6 dB(9 月)和 52.2 dB(11 月),随个体生长其平均 TS 呈稳步增大的变化趋势。在垂直方向上, 2 月和 4 月航次人工鱼礁区 90%以上回波单体主要分布在 9~16 m 中下水层。上述研究结果表明,人工鱼礁建设对防城港海域小型岩礁性鱼类表现出明显的向底层诱集的效果,该结果能为海洋牧场生态效应系统评价提供重要支撑。 相似文献
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合理选取标志放流鱼的规格是成功监测放流鱼类动态及评估增殖效果的关键步骤。本研究以黄鳍棘鲷为对象,通过2个实验评价标志鱼的适宜规格。实验1对比了4种体长的黄鳍棘鲷(平均体长5、7、11和14 cm)作T型标志后其生长、存活和标志保留情况,并利用逻辑斯蒂回归模型分别分析标志鱼存活率和标志保留率的规格特异性;实验2模拟了不同混合比例下2种体长黄鳍棘鲷标志鱼与不标志鱼的捕捞情况,并利用重抽样方法对捕捞结果作计算机重抽样,分析2种鱼能否充分混合以及标志鱼的规格、比例对捕捞结果的影响。结果显示:(1)7、11和14 cm标志组的特定生长率与对照组无显著差异;(2)标志鱼的存活率随体长的增加而增加(5 cm标志组的鱼在标志后7 d内全部死亡,7、11和14 cm标志组的存活率分别为77.5%、92.5%和100.0%)。标志鱼的存活率与初始体长的逻辑斯蒂回归关系式为P=exp(0.099X-6.900)/[1+exp(0.099X-6.900)];(3)各组的标志保留率较高(7、11和14 cm标志组的标志保留率分别为97.5%、100.0%和100.0%),但与体长无明显关系;(4)模拟捕捞结果与计算机重抽样结果无显著差异,二者均不受鱼体规格的影响,但受标志鱼比例的影响极显著,标志鱼比例越高,其捕获率也越高。综上,建议今后采用T型标志方法开展增殖放流品种(如黄鳍棘鲷)的相关研究时,应综合考虑成本和可接受的误差范围以选择符合研究目的的标志鱼规格,若需标志鱼的存活率高于50.0%,则体长至少为7 cm,高于75.0%则体长至少为8 cm,高于95.0%则体长至少为10 cm。此外,在成本允许的条件下,建议尽可能增加放流鱼类中标志鱼的比例以提高增殖效果评估的代表性,而具体适宜的比例值得深入研究。 相似文献
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为研究环境与摄食因素对人工鱼礁区不同体长许氏平鲉分布的影响,采用2017—2018年山东省近岸3处鱼礁区环境和渔业资源的调查数据,利用变异系数CV均值将样本的体长分为10组,每组体长间隔为33 mm,并使用Bray-Curtis相似性指数比较不同海域许氏平鲉体长组成的相似性;运用去趋势对应分析(DCA)、典范对应分析(CCA)分析各环境要素对不同体长组许氏平鲉分布的影响;运用胃含物分析法分析许氏平鲉的食物组成。结果显示,西霞口与长岛鱼礁区样本体长组成相似性指数为70.66%,前三岛鱼礁区与西霞口鱼礁区、长岛鱼礁区的相似性指数较低,分别为54.94%和59.46%;大体长(299～365mm)许氏平鲉的分布与水深、水质指数(WQI)和化学需氧量(COD)相关性较大,喜好水深较深、营养丰富的水域;小体长(35～200 mm)许氏平鲉喜好水深较浅,水质好的水域。大体长(200～365 mm),高龄(2～3龄)的个体主要摄食鱼类、虾类和蟹类,优势饵料为鱼类(IRI为65.94%);小体长(35～200 mm),低龄(0～1龄)的个体主要摄食虾类和蟹类,优势饵料为虾类(IRI为45.69%)。研究表明,在浅水区域投放幼鱼保护型鱼礁,为幼鱼提供庇护所;将捕捞作业集中在深水区,减少对许氏平鲉小体长个体的兼捕,可以达到针对性增殖、保护许氏平鲉资源的目的。 相似文献
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JOSÉ MARTÍN GALLARDO José Carlos Escudero García Encarnación García Ceballos-Zúñiga Juan José Pérez-Regadera Pérez 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(1-2):163-170
Two physical factors light or substrate (fibre glass, artificial vegetation, gravel and mud) were determined in a 24 m long
artificial channel to have importance on the distribution of 33 tench 2+, mean size 11.8±0.9 cm S.L. For this purpose in five
trials tench could select between the half of the channel occupied by their preferred light intensity (inferior to 10 lux)
combined with the less preferred substrate (fibre glass) or the half with the combination of one of the substrates considered
and higher light conditions (40 lux). Fish preferred, with a 100% frequency, the optimal light-less preferred substrate when
compared with the combinations fibre glass, gravel and mud. When artificial vegetation was the substrate considered, tench
selected the combination preferred substrate – non-optimal light intensity with a 98.26±2.68% frequency. This result changed
when increasing light intensity up to 150 lux, avoiding the shading effect. We demonstrated that light has a bigger influence
than substrate in juvenile tench habitat selection under controlled conditions. 相似文献
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Growth and feed conversion were monitored in triplicate groups of the African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis (mean weight 11 ± 1.8 g) fed small (2.5–5.54 cm) tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and artificial feeds at various rates (treatments 1, 2, and 3), and tilapia or artificial feed (treatments 4 and 5, respectively). Artificial feed was a 42% crude protein commercial pellet. Live O. niloticus were fed at a rate of 4 g live tilapia/catfish/day. Pelleted feeding rate was 2%, 1%, 0.5%, and 1% of body weight thrice daily in treatments 1, 2, 3, and 5, respectively. After 70 days, mean weight was 180 ± 9.5 g, 157 ± 15.7 g, 147 ± 2.6 g, 77 ± 10.9 g, and 74 ± 10 g, in treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Treatment significantly affected SGR (% day?1) (P < 0.03) and pelleted feed conversion ratio (P < 0.0003). FCR was 1.09 ± 0.01, 0.63 ± 0.08, 0.42 ± 0.11, and 1.12 ± 0.13 in treatments 1, 2, 3, and 5, respectively. Profit was highest (P < 0.01) in treatment 2. Tilapia consumption seems to improve utilization of artificial feed and may be a way for some catfish farmers to save money. 相似文献
14.
Christopher T. Oakes Daniel J. Pondella II 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(1):1-21
There is an urgent need for primary data that can be used to quantify the value of marine aquaculture facilities that also describe influences on the surrounding natural ecosystem and its wild fish communities. Divers completed 360 transect replicates below a net‐cage and at nearby and distant rocky reefs off Catalina Island, California, estimating the species abundance and size class of all conspicuous fishes in the water column. We observed 10,234 fishes aggregating below the net‐cage with a mean annual density of 142 (SE ± 30) per 100 m2 and diversity H′ 2.29. At the adjacent reference reef, we counted 8452 fishes with a mean annual density of 117 (SE ± 20) and H′ 1.45 and at Reference Reef 2, located 500 m away, there were 8958 fishes with a density of 124 (SE ± 20) and H′ 1.13. The total density of fishes was the same between the study sites (ANOVA; P = 0.24); however, the spatial density of fishes in the water column was different between the net‐cage and reference reefs. Additionally, the density of juvenile fish was significantly lower at the net‐cage (ANOVA; P = 0.02), while the density of subadult and adult fishes was higher (ANOVA; P = 0.03). Feeding guild analysis ranked the net‐cage highest (3507), while Reference Reef 1 (2149), and Reference Reef 2 (2241), had lower values, a relationship often found between artificial and natural reefs. This suggests the importance of available trophic resources to the adult population of wild fishes, and has implications in the artificial reef attraction–production debate. The results of this study not only reproduce a pattern of fish attraction to net‐cages in the marine environment reported in previous studies but also demonstrate a relative habitat value compared in both time and space, of the fish community at a net‐cage compared with vibrant kelp bed communities. 相似文献
15.
An artificial oyster‐shell reef for the culture and stock enhancement of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus,in shallow seawater 
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下载免费PDF全文 Libin Zhang Tao Zhang Qinzeng Xu Tianlong Qiu Hongsheng Yang Shilin Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(9):2260-2269
Because of its high nutritional value and health benefits, aquaculture production of Apostichopus japonicus in China is the largest of any single species. Therefore, the development of new farming methods is of considerable significance. In this study, discarded oyster shells have been used to create an artificial reef for the culture of this species. The results have shown that from 6th March 2009 to 26th November 2009, the wet weight of sea cucumber increased from 49.57 ± 1.16 to 79.87 ± 1.46 g ind?1. Between 16th July and 18th October, the specific growth rate and daily weight gain of A. japonicus differed significantly from other periods. Population density was higher within the reef compared with outside the reef area, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). The maximum distance between A. japonicus individuals within the reef area on 3rd March and 16th July was 65.0 ± 3.3 and 62.9 ± 4.4 cm, respectively, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The diatom species attached to the oyster shells were similar to those found in the stomach content of A. japonicus. In conclusion, the oyster‐shell reef provides a suitable habitat and shelter for the culture of the sea cucumber, A. japonicus. 相似文献
16.
Fatih Basaran Huseyin Ozbilgin & Yeliz Doganyilmaz Ozbilgin 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(8):870-876
The critical swimming speed (Ucrit, cm s−1) value of normal juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (64.7±6.33) was significantly higher than that of fish with lordosis (60.3±6.66) (P<0.05). Both normal fish and those with lordosis showed increased endurance with increasing length during exercise at a fixed water velocity of 50 cm s−1. This speed was used to investigate the separation possibility of deformed specimen from the normal developed fish based on their swimming performance, and 28% separation was achieved without losing any normal fish by the end of the 10th minute. To achieve a better separation of the deformities from the normal, first grading of the juveniles and then a swimming endurance test is advised. 相似文献
17.
Herein, we describe the embryonic and larval development stages of Coilia nasus, an anadromous fish that is indigenous to the Yangtze River and the northwest region of the Pacific Ocean. The success of artificial breeding programmes and modern methods of reproduction allowed us to accurately describe the development stages of C. nasus. These stages were recorded using a binocular microscope and a digital camera‐equipped microscope, and histological and scanning electron microscopy observations were also conducted. Development can be divided into four periods: embryonic, prelarval, larval and juvenile. The fertilized eggs were spherical, transparent, non‐adhesives and buoyant, with an average diameter of 0.80±0.10 mm. Complete early embryonic development took place within 40–43 h post hatching, and the new hatchlings were 2.85±0.20 mm long. The mouth openings (0.25–0.35 mm) appeared at day 6 post hatching. Complete metamorphosis took place by day 60, at which time the larvae transformed into juveniles (65±5.8 mm) and attained skin coloration. 相似文献
18.
Abstract – Native Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) are listed as a nationally vulnerable species, whereas non‐native common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are widespread and abundant. Understanding key aspects of life history, such as movement patterns and habitat selection by juvenile Murray cod and common carp, might be useful for conserving Murray cod populations and controlling common carp numbers. We used radio‐telemetry to track eight juvenile Murray cod and seven juvenile common carp in the Murray River, Australia, between March and July 2001. Common carp occupied a significantly greater total linear range (mean ± SD: 1721 ± 1118 m) than Murray cod (mean ± SD: 318 ± 345 m) and the average daily movement was significantly greater for common carp (mean ± SD: 147 ± 238 m) than for Murray cod (mean ± SD: 15 ± 55 m). All Murray cod and five of the seven common carp displayed site fidelity or residency to one, two or three locations. Murray cod were found only in the mainstream Murray River among submerged woody habitats, whereas common carp occurred equally in mainstream and offstream areas, and among submerged wood and aquatic vegetation. Murray cod were found in deeper (mean ± SD: 2.3 ± 0.78 m) and faster waters (mean ± SD: 0.56 ± 0.25 m·s?1) compared with common carp (mean ± SD: 1 ± 0.54 m; 0.08 ± 0.09 m·s?1) respectively. The presence of juvenile Murray cod only amongst submerged wood is an indication that these habitats are important and should be preserved. Conversely, juvenile common carp were equally present among all habitats sampled, suggesting that habitat selection is less specific, possibly contributing to their widespread success. 相似文献