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1.
草地贪夜蛾是新近入侵我国的重大农业害虫,为了弄清其入侵生物学特性,为草地贪夜蛾的监测预警及综合治理提供理论依据,本研究在光照培养箱内设置6个温度(17、22、27、32、37、42℃)饲养草地贪夜蛾,测定其不同阶段的存活率、发育历期、体重及繁殖力等,探究温度对草地贪夜蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾在42℃条件下仅能短暂存活,在17～32℃范围内可正常生长发育,其幼虫期、蛹期及世代历期均随着温度的升高而缩短,17℃条件下世代历期和幼虫期分别为(58.73±1.46)d和(21.79±1.03)d,37℃条件下则分别仅为(22.57±0.84)d和(11.12±0.31)d。成虫寿命在17～27℃范围内差异不大,之后随温度升高而缩短,37℃下成虫寿命仅为27℃下的1/4左右,且在该温度下成虫无法正常羽化,雌成虫不产卵。17～32℃下雌成虫产卵前期随温度的升高而缩短,产卵期则随温度升高而有所延长,平均单雌产卵量在27℃下最高,为(565.50±143.40)粒。说明温度升高会导致草地贪夜蛾发育历期缩短,年发生世代数增加,幼虫取食量增大,对作物的为害加重。  相似文献   

2.
温度对草地贪夜蛾飞行能力的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为明确温度对草地贪夜蛾飞行能力的影响,采用昆虫飞行磨技术测定了不同温度处理的草地贪夜蛾的飞行能力。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾整个世代在5种不同温度(20、24、28、32和36℃)下饲养羽化的2日龄成虫吊飞10 h的飞行能力差异显著(P0.05)。其中24、28和32℃条件下饲养的个体飞行能力较强,32℃时达到最大值,其平均飞行距离最远,为(29.48±2.73)km,平均飞行时间最长,为(7.21±0.45)h,平均飞行速度也最快,为(4.02±0.19)km/h。飞行距离超过30 km的个体占40%,飞行时间超过8 h的占45%。低温(20℃)或高温(36℃)条件下饲养羽化的2日龄成虫的飞行能力均有不同程度的下降。吊飞温度对草地贪夜蛾飞行能力也有影响。28℃条件下饲养羽化的2日龄成虫在5种温度下(16、20、24、28和32℃)吊飞10 h的结果显示,尽管不同吊飞温度下成虫平均飞行速度和飞行时间均具有显著差异(P0.05),但平均飞行距离差异不显著(P0.05),这说明草地贪夜蛾适宜飞行的温度范围较广。试验结果为揭示草地贪夜蛾迁飞行为规律及预测预报奠定了基础。  相似文献   

3.
温度对二点委夜蛾实验种群的影响   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  
为了明确温度对二点委夜蛾生长发育的影响,采用室内人工恒温饲养方法,设置16、20、24、28、32和36℃6种温度,研究不同温度对二点委夜蛾各虫态的发育历期、存活率及雌成虫产卵量的影响,并组建实验种群生命表。36℃的恒温条件下,二点委夜蛾不能完成其发育史。在16～32℃范围内,二点委夜蛾各虫态发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,其世代发育历期在32℃时最短,为27.17天;世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为8.69℃和604.45日.度。在20～32℃时,成虫寿命随温度的升高而缩短,且雌雄个体间无明显差异。20℃和24℃时单雌产卵量较高,为283.8粒和261.8粒,二者差异不显著。24℃时二点委夜蛾的种群趋势指数和内禀增长率均最高,分别为82.0和0.82。表明24℃是二点委夜蛾生长繁殖的最适温度。  相似文献   

4.
为明确草地贪夜蛾对小麦的产卵选择性及其是否对小麦安全生产构成威胁,本研究以玉米和小麦作为测试寄主,比较分析了草地贪夜蛾对两种作物不同部位的产卵选择性,并利用两性生命表方法研究了取食小麦、玉米对其生命参数的影响。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾更喜欢在玉米上产卵,其在玉米、小麦叶片、玉米和小麦茎秆上的产卵量存在显著差异(df=102,F=15.593,P<0.05),以玉米叶片背面卵块数量(7.11±1.55)块/笼最高;草地贪夜蛾取食小麦可以完成生活史,但幼虫存活率、化蛹率、羽化率和世代存活率低于取食玉米。取食玉米的幼虫发育历期为(16.31±0.15)d,显著高于取食小麦的(14.66±0.12)d,蛹期、蛹重、产卵前期、成虫寿命和世代周期无显著差异。取食小麦羽化出的雌虫寿命、平均单雌产卵量显著高于取食玉米,分别为(16.39±0.40)d、(976.31±57.21)粒和(14.64±0.32)d、(831.57±30.55)粒。生命表参数显示取食玉米的净增殖率为363.14,显著高于小麦的258.63,但内禀增长率、周限增长率和平均世代周期无显著差异。研究结果为草地贪夜蛾在小麦上的预测预报和有效防控提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

5.
3种寄主植物饲养的草地贪夜蛾种群生命表   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)经研究目前均认为主要是玉米型,而该虫能否在甘蔗、水稻上完成其生活史并对我国甘蔗、水稻的种植构成威胁值得探讨。本研究对采自玉米上的草地贪夜蛾自然种群用3种不同寄主植物饲养,并分别构建草地贪夜蛾两性生命表,比较不同寄主植物对其种群参数的影响。结果表明:取食甘蔗、水稻的草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫存活率明显低于取食玉米的幼虫;取食水稻的成虫前期最长(27.75 d±0.50 d),且雄蛹体重最轻(153.3 mg±9.1 mg);草地贪夜蛾取食甘蔗、水稻、玉米后其产卵量无显著差异,平均世代周期依次为31.46 d、33.92 d和29.53 d,种群内禀增长率(r)分别为0.19、0.14和0.16,周限增长率(λ)分别为1.21、1.16和1.17,净增殖率(R_0)分别为367.01、135.44和101.25。总体而言,采自玉米的草地贪夜蛾在水稻上的适合度低于甘蔗和玉米上,但在甘蔗、水稻上该虫能够完成其生活史实现种群繁衍,本研究为草地贪夜蛾的预测预报和防治提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)为一种重大迁飞性农业害虫,其寄主范围广,可为害多种农作物。不同寄主植物对草地贪夜蛾的种群增长以及扩散为害有着不同影响。本研究基于年龄-龄期两性生命表理论,以小麦、大麦和燕麦3种麦类作物作为寄主植物,在室内(24±1)℃,RH (70±5)%和L//D=14 h//10 h光周期条件下,比较了3种麦类作物对草地贪夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾在这3种麦类作物上均可顺利完成生活史。取食3种麦类作物的草地贪夜蛾幼虫发育历期和蛹期差异不显著。其中取食燕麦的草地贪夜蛾的成虫前期存活率最高,为0.82,显著高于取食小麦的0.67和大麦的0.67。此外取食燕麦的雌虫比例和雌虫产卵天数显著高于取食小麦和大麦的,取食燕麦的雌成虫个体繁殖力为(1 032.6±22.1)粒,显著高于取食小麦的(912.2±27.6)粒和取食大麦的(814.0±22.9)粒。种群生命表参数显示,取食燕麦的草地贪夜蛾种群内禀增长率(r=0.154 1 d~(-1))、净增殖率(R_0=453.98)与周限增长率(λ=1.166 6 d~(-1))均显著高于取食大麦者,但与取食小麦者差异不显著;取食大麦与取食小麦者亦无显著差异。综上所述,草地贪夜蛾在这3种麦类作物上都有相当高的适生性,其中燕麦是草地贪夜蛾最适宜的寄主植物,其次是小麦,再次为大麦。本研究为明确草地贪夜蛾对不同麦类作物的适应性提供了重要参考资料。  相似文献   

7.
温度是影响草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda生长发育、繁殖和分布地区的主要环境因素。本研究利用室内恒温饲养的方法,测定了草地贪夜蛾各发育阶段的发育起点温度、有效积温和生命表参数,并构建了发育历期的预测模型。研究结果表明,温度对草地贪夜蛾各发育阶段的发育历期、化蛹率、蛹的存活率与羽化率以及成虫繁殖力有显著影响。各发育阶段的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,15～35℃下幼虫的发育历期为55.26～9.58 d。20～30℃为种群生长发育的适宜温度,成虫繁殖的最适温度为20～25℃。卵、幼虫、蛹和卵到蛹的发育起点温度分别为10.27、11.10、12.20和11.34℃,有效积温分别为44.57、211.93、135.69和390.55日·度。本研究结果可为预测草地贪夜蛾的发育历期、发生区域、发生期和发生世代提供科学依据和技术支撑。  相似文献   

8.
为绿色防控草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda,通过生命表研究玉米和大豆对草地贪夜蛾生长发育和繁殖能力的影响,同时室内测定草地贪夜蛾幼虫和成虫对玉米及大豆的产卵选择性和取食趋向性,并通过室内和田间小区试验研究玉米-大豆间作对草地贪夜蛾种群发生的影响。结果显示,取食大豆后草地贪夜蛾可以完成生活史,但与取食玉米相比,取食大豆会导致草地贪夜蛾发育迟缓,存活率降低,成虫期缩短,繁殖力下降和产卵天数减少;取食玉米的草地贪夜蛾种群的内禀增长率、周限增长率和净增殖率均显著高于取食大豆的草地贪夜蛾种群,取食玉米的草地贪夜蛾种群的平均世代周期低于取食大豆的种群,但两者间差异不显著。与大豆相比,草地贪夜蛾幼虫和成虫均对玉米有明显的趋性。当玉米与大豆按照2∶2比例间作时,植株上的草地贪夜蛾着卵率为65.31%,显著低于玉米单作的着卵率。当大豆包围玉米和玉米与大豆按照2∶2比例间作时,玉米的被害率分别为86.67%和85.56%,均显著低于玉米单作的被害率。表明玉米与大豆按适度比例间作可以显著降低草地贪夜蛾的发生和为害。  相似文献   

9.
为明确不同温度对东方粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)种群动态的影响,建立东方粘虫种群动态模型,利用年龄-阶段两性种群生命表得到了室内不同温度下东方粘虫种群的发育历期、存活率、繁殖力和种群生命表参数,并基于种群生命表参数预测了2个月内东方粘虫的种群动态。结果表明,东方粘虫各虫态的发育历期和产卵前期随温度的升高而显著缩短。24℃下,东方粘虫单雌平均产卵量为717.1粒,显著高于其它温度下;成虫寿命也显著高于其它温度下,且雄蛾寿命显著长于雌蛾,分别为15.3 d和13.0 d;卵孵化存活到成虫的概率、幼虫存活率和化蛹率均最高,分别为66.7%、68.9%和96.8%。内禀增长率随温度的升高而显著增加,平均世代周期则显著降低,18、21、24、27、30℃下分别为0.051、0.077、0.113、0.121、0.156 d-1和77.2、61.3、49.0、40.3、31.5 d;周限增长率也随温度的升高而增加,分别为1.05、1.08、1.12、1.13、1.17 d-1;净增殖率在24℃下为257.1,显著高于其它温度下,其它温度条件下无显著差异。表明东方粘虫在18~30℃范围内都能完成生长发育和生殖,24℃下种群存活率高、繁殖力大、世代周期较短,更适合种群增长。  相似文献   

10.
为明确噻虫嗪种衣剂对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda生长发育和繁殖能力的影响,通过室内种群生命表方法分析不同浓度0.5、1、2、4 mL/kg噻虫嗪处理下草地贪夜蛾种群的生命参数。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾幼虫历期和世代周期随着噻虫嗪浓度的增加而延长,1 mL/kg浓度处理下雄成虫寿命为15.40 d,平均单雌产卵量为888.04粒,均显著高于对照和其它浓度处理,而雌成虫产卵前期为3.88 d,显著短于对照和其它浓度处理。噻虫嗪浓度对草地贪夜蛾蛹期和雌成虫寿命无显著影响,但对蛹重有一定影响,0.5、1 mL/kg浓度处理的蛹重与对照无显著差异,2、4 mL/kg浓度处理的蛹重随浓度增加而显著降低;幼虫存活率、化蛹率和羽化率随着噻虫嗪浓度的增加而降低。0.5、1 mL/kg浓度处理后雌成虫繁殖力和最高繁殖值较对照偏高,2、4 mL/kg浓度处理则相反。0.5、1 mL/kg浓度处理的草地贪夜蛾平均世代周期、净增殖率、内禀增长率、周限增长率均与对照无显著差异;2、4 mL/kg浓度处理的平均世代周期随着噻虫嗪浓度的增加而显著增加,净增殖率、内禀增长率、周限增长率则随着浓度的增加而显著下降。表明噻虫嗪种衣剂处理在较高浓度时对当代草地贪夜蛾种群有一定的抑制作用,随着药剂在植株体内的降解,这种抑制作用逐渐降低,低浓度处理对成虫生殖能力具有一定的促进作用。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

13.
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.  相似文献   

14.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

15.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

16.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

17.
Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season.  相似文献   

18.
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen.  相似文献   

19.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

20.
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