共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
大豆NF-YB家族全基因组鉴定、分类和表达 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用大豆基因组数据库,通过生物信息学手段,鉴定大豆NF-YB家族基因的全序列、定位和拷贝数,通过序列比对进行进化和分类分析。利用大豆高通量RNA测序数据、NCBI中UniGene的EST表达数据进行组织表达谱分析。结果表明,大豆基因组中含有28个NF-YB家族基因,分布于大豆的14条染色体上,系统进化树分析将其分成3类。启动子分析表明,几乎全部NF-YB家族基因的启动子区均含有逆境应答反应顺式作用元件。各个发育阶段中,多数成员至少在一个组织中表达,10个差异表达的基因中有2个在根瘤中特异表达,2个在根中特异表达,2个在根瘤中优势表达,另外4个在其他部位优势表达。研究结果促进了NF-YB家族基因的功能研究与利用。 相似文献
2.
生长素作为重要的植物激素之一。生长素的转运参与了植物各组织器官发育调控。在拟南芥中,生长素转运调控主要由PIN家族蛋白所介导,其中拟南芥AtPIN2主要通过介导生长素向基运输调控根的向重力性。大豆中PIN2家族蛋白及其功能研究尚未有报道。本研究通过构建系统进化树和蛋白质结构域分析发现,大豆GmPIN2a和GmPIN2b为AtPIN2的同源基因。组织表达分析研究发现, GmPIN2a和GmPIN2b在根、根瘤原基和根瘤等组织中高表达。GmPIN2a和GmPIN2b在根部主要表达在根尖表皮和外部皮层细胞,在根瘤中GmPIN2a、GmPIN2b均定位于根瘤基部维管束区,此外,GmPIN2a定位在根瘤顶部表皮及外皮层。利用基因编辑技术CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered RegularlyInterspersedShortPalindromicRepeats/CRISPRassociated9)同时敲除GmPIN2a和GmPIN2b后发现,Gmpin2ab突变体根具有明显的重力缺失表型。与野生型相比, Gmpin2ab和35S::GmPIN2b的根面积和侧根长度显著降低,Gmpin2ab... 相似文献
3.
大豆根瘤固氮酶活性与温度关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆根瘤固氮酶活性的高低是大豆根瘤固氮能力的重要指标,温度对根瘤固氮酶活性影响较大,试验采用室内与室外结合的方式研究了大豆根瘤固氮酶活性与温度的关系。结果表明:无论光照或黑暗条件下,根瘤固氮酶活性都随温度的升高呈单峰曲线,用二次函数拟合效果良好;光照条件下yL=-0.0022x2+0.0885x-0.2971,当温度为20.11℃时,固氮酶活性最高为0.5929mL/(g.h);黑暗条件下yD=-0.0014x2+0.0582x-0.2291,当温度为20.78℃时,固氮酶活性最高为0.3758mL/(g.h)。大豆开花至鼓粒期正值6月上旬至8月下旬,10cm土层土壤温度处于根瘤固氮酶活性最适宜温度范围(20~21℃)的概率日间为4.52%~19.68%,夜间为7.65%~26.47%;适宜温度范围(15~25℃)的概率日间为70.00%~89.35%,夜间为64.71%~100.00%。 相似文献
4.
PILS (PIN-LIKES)是一类新发现的生长素输出载体,协助生长素的极性运输。本研究立足甘蔗割手密基因组和栽培品种转录组数据,利用生物信息学分析技术,分别在割手密和栽培品种中鉴定到11个PILS(Saccharum spontaneum PIN-LIKES, SsPILS)基因和4个PILS (Saccharum spp. hybrid PIN-LIKES, ScPILS)基因。结果表明, 11个SsPILS基因家族成员分布于6条染色体上,基因内含子数量介于5～11个。系统进化树分析发现,割手密PILS与水稻PILS有较高同源性,归属于3个不同的系统发育分支。转录组数据分析显示, SsPILS1c的同源基因ScPILS1c在受高粱花叶病毒和黑穗病菌胁迫甘蔗栽培种中差异表达。通过RT-PCR扩增技术,克隆获得ScPILS1c基因序列(NCBI accession number:OM258732)。该基因全长cDNA为1332 bp,包含一个1233 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码410个氨基酸,理论等电点(pI)为6.17,不稳定系数为39.31,平均疏水性值为0.689,预测ScPI... 相似文献
5.
氟磺胺草醚对大豆根瘤固氮和蔗糖代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用田间试验方法研究了氟磺胺草醚茎叶处理对大豆根瘤固氮酶和蔗糖代谢的影响。结果表明:不同剂量的氟磺胺草醚茎叶处理对大豆根瘤生长无影响。氟磺胺草醚525g a.i./hm2用量下,根瘤固氮酶活性在施药后的38d内始终受到显著抑制,叶片和根中蔗糖合成酶活性受到长时间的抑制,同时叶片、茎、根系和根瘤中蔗糖含量均显著降低;263g a.i./hm2用量下,根瘤固氮酶活性在施药后的24d内显著降低,对叶片和根中蔗糖合成酶活性抑制作用最高值分别出现施药后的第10天和第18天,酶活性与对照相比分别降低15.22%和11.76%。氟磺胺草醚茎叶处理后,叶片、茎、根系和根瘤中蔗糖含量显著降低,蔗糖向根瘤中的供应不足是造成大豆根瘤固氮酶活性降低的一个重要原因。 相似文献
6.
不同营养元素对共生固氮潜力影响的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
生物固氮是一个全球性的战略课题,而共生固氮又是生物固氮的主体部分,因此研究豆科植物－根瘤菌共生固氮体系（根瘤）的固氮潜力具有重要意义。本文介绍了大量营养元素和微量营养元素对根瘤固氮潜力的影响的研究现状和主要进展,阐述了各营养元素影响根瘤固氮潜力的机制,并对根瘤固氮潜力研究的前景进行了展望。 相似文献
7.
施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用框栽试验研究了施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响,结果表明,施氮对大豆根瘤形成、生长和固氮能力有显著影响,随着N用量的增加,根瘤干质量、根瘤数量呈现先逐渐增加而后降低的趋势,而固氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量则表现为持续下降的趋势,适量施氮对根瘤生长有显著的促进作用,当氮素供应不足时则会抑制根瘤的生长,但当氮素供应过量时也会抑制根瘤的形成.从根瘤干质量和根瘤数量来看,各处理间表现为N100>N200>N50>N25>NO,以N100处理下根瘤干质量最大,根瘤数量最多,显著高于不施氮(N0)和其他施氮处理,从不同生育时期来看,根瘤干质量表现为从苗期到花期再到鼓粒期,大豆根瘤的数量呈现出先明显增加后逐渐减少的趋势,高峰出现在花期,而根瘤数量表现为花期>苗期.施氮显著抑制了固氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量,随施氮水平的增加,固氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量显著降低,表现为NO>N25>N50>N100>N200,表明施氮使大豆根瘤的固氮效率显著降低,因此,从大豆固氮效率来讲,施氮对大豆根瘤固氮具有抑制作用.方差分析结果表明,施氮和不施氮处理间均达到了5%的差异显著水平.因此,从大豆固氮和氮肥施用平衡的角度来看,应适量施用氮肥,既可以充分利用大豆的固氮功能,节约氮肥,又可以获得较高的产量. 相似文献
8.
半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(cystatin, CYS)在结瘤, 根瘤发育和衰老过程中起重要作用。本研究克隆了1个大豆CYS家族基因GmCYS2, 氨基酸序列比对及进化树分析表明, GmCYS2与木豆(Cajanus cajan) CYS相似性最高。在体外对该基因编码蛋白进行了表达和纯化, 重组蛋白GmCYS2的酶活性抑制实验显示, 该蛋白对L类和B类组织蛋白酶的抑制活性明显高于对H类组织蛋白酶, 并且在30 d根瘤提取物中的抑制活性高于在60 d根瘤提取物中。此外, 构建GmCYS2的植物表达载体, 通过百脉根毛根转化法获得转GmCYS2基因的超表达复合体植株。GmCYS2的超量表达增加了百脉根的结瘤数目, 并且上调共生标记基因的表达。结果说明GmCYS2蛋白具有一定的酶活性抑制作用, 并且正调控百脉根共生结瘤过程。 相似文献
9.
花生硝酸还原酶与根瘤中固氮酶活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
花生品种间根瘤量的变化有显著差异,但每克根瘤中固氮酶活性则差异不显著。固氮酶活性在全生育期出现两次高峰,分别在下针期和结荚期,而单株根瘤中固氮酶活性和单株根瘤量均在结荚期出现一次高峰。花生主茎复叶硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)在生育前期出现一次高峰,其活性的高低与品种耐肥性呈负相关。NRA 和根瘤中固氮酶活性有正相关 相似文献
10.
生长素是重要的植物激素,参与调控植物生长、发育和器官分化等几乎所有生理过程。生长素响应因子家族是生长素发挥调控功能的重要基因,在生长素信号传导过程中起重要的作用。从百里杜鹃景区广泛种植的高山杜鹃中克隆了一个ARF类转录因子基因,命名为RmARFgn。该基因编码蛋白含700个氨基酸,与水稻生长素早期响应基因OsARF1高度相似。通过调控RmARFgn基因在杜鹃花内的表达,可以控制杜鹃花的花期和器官形态。该研究为杜鹃花的发育调控打下了基础。 相似文献
11.
Nitrogenase activity during the reproductive phase of the Hodgson 78 soybean variety was tested in a growth chamber experiment to evaluate its relationships with number, weight and specific nitrogenase activity of the nodules. A multiple regression model is proposed.
The number of nodules did not change, while the total nodule dry weight increased with the increase of the average dry weight.
The regression model adopted showed that the main factors affecting the total nitrogenase activity were the specific activity and the nodule mass, but the former induces the wider variations.
Unlike other crops the counting of the nodules cannot be considered as an indirect predictor for nitrogen fixation. 相似文献
The number of nodules did not change, while the total nodule dry weight increased with the increase of the average dry weight.
The regression model adopted showed that the main factors affecting the total nitrogenase activity were the specific activity and the nodule mass, but the former induces the wider variations.
Unlike other crops the counting of the nodules cannot be considered as an indirect predictor for nitrogen fixation. 相似文献
12.
减量施氮对带状套作大豆土壤通气环境及结瘤固氮的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究种植模式和施氮量对大豆土壤通气环境及结瘤固氮的影响,本研究采用二因素裂区试验设计,主区为种植模式:大豆单作(SS)、玉米/大豆带状套作(MS),副区为不同施氮量:不施氮(NN:0 kg hm-2)、减量施氮(RN:45kghm-2)和常量施氮(CN:60kghm-2),监测了大豆生育期内土壤的O2含量和土壤呼吸速率的动态变化规律,分析了各处理的土壤水稳性团聚体、容重和孔隙度差异,探讨了大豆生育期内结瘤量、固氮能力的变化特征。2年数据结果表明,与单作大豆相比,带状套作大豆可提高土壤O2含量、>2 mm粒径团聚体的百分含量、显著增加土壤孔隙度、显著增强后期土壤呼吸的速率,显著降低<1mm粒径团聚体百分含量与土壤孔隙度;R5期根瘤干重差异不显著,但结瘤数量显著增加39.9%,固氮酶活性与固氮潜力也在此时显著高于单作大豆。各施氮量间,土壤O2含量、0.25～1.00mm粒径的百分含量、带状套作大豆的土壤呼吸速率以RN处理最高,施氮能降低<0... 相似文献
13.
夏花生覆膜对根瘤中固氮酶和叶片硝酸还原酶活性影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
覆膜夏花生有利于根瘤菌的侵染和根瘤的形成，使花生早结瘤、多结瘤、早进行共生固覆；覆膜降低结荚以前的固氮酶活性，但有利于中后期固氮酶活性的提高和维持，可延缓根瘤衰老、延长根瘤固氮时间。覆膜对花生叶片硝酸还原酶活性（ＮＲＡ）的影响与固氮酶活性正好相反，结荚以前较高、中后期较低。与露地相比，覆膜花生前期利用土壤和肥料氮较多，而中后期则可主要靠根瘤固氮来提供氮素营养。 相似文献
14.
15.
Two varieties of soybean were grown in large pots out of doors. At the R2 stage, a state of temporary root anoxia appeared caused by a heavy rainfall and in R3, nitrogen was applied. The nitrogenase activity of the nodules was measured at weekly intervals (ARA test).
During the vegetative stage, the number of nodules and their weight increased rapidly, although the anoxia caused a slowing down followed by a recovery in the successive stages (R3–5). The same effect was apparent in consequence of a late nitrogen fertilization; both varieties attaining values close to those of the control 15 days after the treatment. Nitrogenase activity also showed an inhibition caused by the anoxia but it appeared earlier. During the latest stages of the cycle (R6–7), the nitrogen treatment increased the rate of nitrogen fixation in Hodgson 78 only. The use of a multiple regression model allowed a verification that the parameters controlling nitrogen fixation acted in a similar way in both varieties. In the field, the weight of the nodules, both single and total, appeared to be particularly important in determining the total nitrogen fixation rate. 相似文献
During the vegetative stage, the number of nodules and their weight increased rapidly, although the anoxia caused a slowing down followed by a recovery in the successive stages (R3–5). The same effect was apparent in consequence of a late nitrogen fertilization; both varieties attaining values close to those of the control 15 days after the treatment. Nitrogenase activity also showed an inhibition caused by the anoxia but it appeared earlier. During the latest stages of the cycle (R6–7), the nitrogen treatment increased the rate of nitrogen fixation in Hodgson 78 only. The use of a multiple regression model allowed a verification that the parameters controlling nitrogen fixation acted in a similar way in both varieties. In the field, the weight of the nodules, both single and total, appeared to be particularly important in determining the total nitrogen fixation rate. 相似文献
16.
The effect of water regimes and soil moisture stress on total nodule number, effective nodule number, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity and nitrogen fixation in soybean was studied. The effective nodule number, nodule weight, nitrogenase activity and nitrogen fixation increased due to increase in water regimes from 0.4 to 0.6 Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE). The stress during either flowering or pod filling reduced the effective nodule number, nodule weight, nitrogenase activity and nitrogen fixation. The amount of nitrogen fixed was maximum with 0.8 CPE (50.09 kg ha-1 season-1) followed by 0.6 CPE (42.08 kg ha-1 season-1) and 0.4 CPE (33.04 kg ha-1 season-1). The amount of nitrogen fixed was reduced by 17.71 % and 26.39 % due to stress during flowering and pod filling respectively compared to normal irrigation. 相似文献
17.
Soybean ( Glycine max L.) nitrogen nutrition is ensured by both symbiotic nitrogen fixation and mineral nitrogen assimilation. The relationship between these two modes of N nutrition was analysed in 3 growth types (determinate, semi-determinate and undeterminate) of soybean. The nitrate reductase activity and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) of plants grown in the field and greenhouse showed that these enzymatic activity acted simultaneously or successively during the growth cycle, depending on the availability of inorganic nitrogen in the growing medium. Undeterminate soybean types had a higher potential nitrate reductase activities than determinate types.
The proportion of N2 fixed as measured by 15 N labelling or stem ureide content indicated that determinate soybeans derived a higher proportion of their N from N2 fixation than the undeterminates. 相似文献
The proportion of N
18.
Field beans of indeterminate (cv. Nadwiślański) and determinate (cv. Tibo) growth habits were grown on field plots with a density of 20, 40 and 80 plants m−2 at two levels of nitrogen fertilization: low (20 kg N ha−1 ) and very high (150 kg N ha−1 ). At the phase of intense pod growth the number and the dry matter weight of root nodules as well as their nitrogenase activity and some features of the plants growth were determined, and in the period of ripeness the components of seed yield were established.
It was found that increased density of sowing as well as the high level of nitrogen fertilization inhibited the growth and development of root nodules and limited their nitrogenase activity in both cultivars. Plants of both varieties were characterized by a similar potential of forming the root nodules, however, in plants of the cv. Tibo the nitrogenase activity of nodules was much lower than in the cv. Nadwiślański.
Increased population density of the plants has in both varieties given increased seed yield when calculated per m2 of the soil, compensating in excess the depression of the seed yield from one plant. Such compensation did not occur in the case of the depression of nitrogen fixation under intense nitrogen fertilization. 相似文献
It was found that increased density of sowing as well as the high level of nitrogen fertilization inhibited the growth and development of root nodules and limited their nitrogenase activity in both cultivars. Plants of both varieties were characterized by a similar potential of forming the root nodules, however, in plants of the cv. Tibo the nitrogenase activity of nodules was much lower than in the cv. Nadwiślański.
Increased population density of the plants has in both varieties given increased seed yield when calculated per m
19.
Influence of light quantity on growth and biological nitrogen fixation of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.)
The influence of photon irradiance (Ep ; 100 to 500 μmol m−2 s−1 ) and of the photoperiod (16 or 11 h) on growth and nitrogenase activity of nodulated white clover plants was studied in growth chambers at two nitrate levels (1.0 and 7.5 mM NO3 − ).
Total dry mass production, the root proportion and nitrogenase activity increased with increasing Ep and photoperiod. Nitrogenase activity generally increased proportionally to root mass. Only at low Ep (100 μmol m−2 s−1 ) and under a short photoperiod (11 h) was the specific nitrogenase activity per unit root mass reduced. An abrupt change in Ep led to a rapid and parallel change in nitrogenase activity and relative growth rate.
A higher NO3 − concentration in the nutrient solution (7.5 mM) led to a marked decrease in specific nitrogenase activity, but increased growth between 200 and 500 μmol m−2 s−1 during early development only. At 100 μmol m−2 s−1 , there was no growth response to nitrate, although its effect on nitrogenase activity was more marked than at a higher Ep .
The results show that with changing light quantity, biological nitrogen fixation of white clover adapts to the existing demand for nitrogen and does not limit growth except during early development, even when light supply is low. 相似文献
The influence of photon irradiance (E
Total dry mass production, the root proportion and nitrogenase activity increased with increasing E
A higher NO
The results show that with changing light quantity, biological nitrogen fixation of white clover adapts to the existing demand for nitrogen and does not limit growth except during early development, even when light supply is low. 相似文献