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为调查甘肃省甘南州玛曲县、夏河县牦牛隐性乳房炎流行情况,探明引起牦牛隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌,利用兰州乳房炎诊断试剂(LMT)筛选牦牛隐性乳房炎,检出率10.25%;采集非阴性乳样,对其中的病原菌分离纯化,提取细菌DNA并测序后,通过NCBI中BLAST比对,共鉴定出236株细菌,其中包含102株金黄色葡萄球菌(43.22%)、18株艾格尼丝葡萄球菌(7.6%)、13株沃氏葡萄球菌(5.50%)和29株大肠埃希氏菌(12.29%);艾格尼丝葡萄球菌为国内首次自牦牛乳中分离得到。结果表明,葡萄球菌属和埃希氏菌属可能是引起甘南藏区牦牛隐性乳房炎的主要病原菌。 相似文献
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2023年3月,青海省西宁市某牦牛养殖场部分牦牛出现乳房炎,为确定发病原因,从该场采集确诊乳房炎奶牛乳样15份,进行细菌分离、纯化致病菌及PCR鉴定,并采用纸片扩散法检测部分致病菌对抗菌药物的敏感程度。结果发现,从13份乳样中共分离获得23株细菌,分别为无乳链球菌(n=7)、金黄色葡萄球菌(n=8)、大肠埃希氏菌(n=4)、粪肠球菌(n=3)和蜡样芽胞杆菌(n=1)。对无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌进行药敏试验,结果发现,3种病原菌对链霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、头孢噻呋和头孢拉定高度或中度敏感。研究结果提示,无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌是该场牦牛乳房炎的主要致病菌,且头孢类抗生素和恩诺沙星等可作为首选药物用于该病的防治。 相似文献
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为了解新疆某规模化牛场奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况以及对常用抗生素药物的敏感程度。从该牛场采集50份乳样,采用细菌分离培养、16S rRNA鉴定、生化鉴定等方法对菌株进行分离鉴定;使用药敏纸片对已鉴定菌株进行药物敏感试验;从50份乳样中,分离出了16株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为32%;分离出1株大肠杆菌,分离率为2%。将16株金黄色葡萄球菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,氨苄西林的耐药率高达100%,庆大霉素和克林霉素也产生了较低的耐药性,其耐药率均为6.25%,而恩诺沙星、头孢噻呋、呋喃妥因、多西环素等具有较强的抗菌活性,其敏感率均高于80%,本试验为牛场预防乳房以及临床用药提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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【目的】了解西藏拉萨地区牦牛源产色葡萄球菌的致病性及耐药性情况,以期为牦牛感染产色葡萄球菌的防治提供一定参考。【方法】采用细菌分离培养、生化试验鉴定、16S rDNA测序、相似性比对分析的方法对从西藏拉萨地区采集到的65份牦牛样品中的产色葡萄球菌进行鉴定,并研究其耐药性与致病性。【结果】在65份样品中共获得9株分离菌,分别命名为XZ1～XZ9,分离率为13.85%;分离菌均在5%绵羊血平板上呈淡黄色的小菌落,革兰氏染色为阳性球菌;生化试验鉴定显示,分离菌株对甘露糖、果糖、蔗糖、硝酸盐还原反应为阳性,符合产色葡萄球菌特性;经16S rDNA测序、相似性比对分析发现,9株分离菌均与产色葡萄球菌相似性最高,达96%以上;药敏试验结果显示,9株分离菌最多对3种抗菌药耐药,最少对1种抗菌药耐药;用分离菌株对SPF小鼠进行攻毒试验发现,分离菌对小鼠的致病性较强,导致小鼠肺脏及肾脏淤血、肿大,肠道发生病变,出现黄色稀便。【结论】本研究结果表明,牦牛源产色葡萄球菌在拉萨地区的牦牛中存在一定的致病性,且耐药性较强,应当引起一定的重视。 相似文献
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为了探讨牦牛肠道乳杆菌的菌群组成,试验用MRS培养基对牦牛肠道黏膜样品进行乳杆菌分离、纯化,并采用菌落形态观察、革兰染色、菌体形态观察和生化反应进行菌株鉴定。结果表明:牦牛肠道乳杆菌的菌群主要由嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、弯曲乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌组成。 相似文献
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为分离鉴定牦牛肠道有益菌的菌种资源,采集了西藏牦牛的肠道内容物,从中分离、纯化优势菌种,经16S rDNA序列比对和生化试验鉴定种属,通过革兰染色观察其形态,并进行抗逆性能、黏附能力、溶血活性、体外抑菌能力和药敏特性等生理生化试验鉴定了其菌种特性。结果从牦牛肠道内容物中成功分离纯化获得4株菌株,分别鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌（XZMN-1）、短小芽孢杆菌（XZMN-2）、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（XZMN-3）和蜡样芽孢杆菌（XZMN-4）。4株分离菌株均为γ-溶血、不具有生物膜,耐胆盐性、耐酸性强,能在pH值为3.0的培养基中存活;XZMN-3和XZMN-4具有耐高温性,其菌液在80℃下孵育30 min仍能检测到活性。4株菌对大多数抗生素敏感,在不同溶剂中的疏水性相差较大（1.91%～93.15%）,自凝集性在13.29%～60.63%之间;4株菌均对沙门氏菌有抑制作用,XZMN-1和XZMN-2对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。综上说明,分离纯化的4株芽孢杆菌抗逆性高,黏附性能强,其中XZMN-1对大多数抗生素敏感,可作为开发高活性益生菌饲料添加剂的候选株。 相似文献
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Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) were isolated from 11.3% (1407 of 12,412) of mammary quarter milk samples obtained from cows in three dairy research herds in 2005. Approximately 27% (383/1407) of CNS was identified to the species level. The species distribution among those CNS identified from all herds was Staphylococcus chromogenes (48%), Staphylococcus hyicus (26%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10%), Staphylococcus simulans (7%), Staphylococcus warneri (2%), Staphylococcus hominis (2%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1%), Staphylococcus xylosus (1%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (<1%), Staphylococcus sciuri (<1%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (<1%). Staphylococcuschromogenes was the predominant CNS isolated from all three herds; however, differences were seen in the prevalence of other CNS species. A total of 158 CNS (S. chromogenesn=66, S. hyicusn=38, S. epidermidisn=37, S. simulans n=10, and S. warneri n=7) were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The majority (33/41) of CNS isolated from the same mammary quarter on more than one occasion had the same PFGE pattern indicating persistence of the same infection over time. When all PFGE patterns for each CNS were analyzed, no common pulsotype was seen among the three herds indicating that CNS are quite diverse. Composite milk somatic cell count (SCC) data were obtained +/-14d of when CNS were isolated. Average milk SCC (5.32 log(10)/ml) for cows in which CNS was the only bacteria isolated was significantly higher than the average milk SCC (4.90 log(10)/ml) from cows with quarter milk samples that were bacteriologically negative. 相似文献
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为了解西安市售消毒乳制品中抗菌药残留情况,以农业部2001年发布的无公害食品行业标准中牛乳不得检出抗菌药为判定标准,随机采购32份消毒牛奶,进行抗菌药残留检测。TTC法检测显示,抗菌药物残留阳性数为5份,阳性率为15.63%;ELISA法检测显示,磺胺二甲基嘧啶未检出,四环素类残留阳性数为3份,阳性率为9.38%,链霉素残留阳性数为7份,阳性率为21.88%。市售不同包装消毒牛奶中除新鲜屋包装外,其余均有抗菌药残留。进口消毒奶粉未检出抗菌药,检测国产消毒牛奶32份与国产奶粉20份,共检出阳性10份与11份,阳性率分别为31.25%和55%。通过检测可看出,奶粉中抗菌药残留阳性率显著比消毒牛奶高;包装精良的高档牛奶中抗菌药残留阳性率比普通包装牛奶低;进口消毒奶粉未检出抗菌药。检测结果显示抗菌药残留情况仍不容乐观。 相似文献
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以牦牛乳酪蛋白为原料,利用碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶制备酪蛋白酶解产物,研究其二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ(dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ,DPP-Ⅳ)抑制活性和理化特性.以DPP-Ⅳ抑制率为指标,研究水解时间和蛋白酶的种类对酶解产物DPP-Ⅳ抑制活性的影响,以水解度、三氯乙酸氮溶解指数(trichloroacetic acid-nitrogen soluble index,TCA-NSI)、溶解性和灰分含量为指标,评价酶解产物的理化特性.结果表明:对于相同水解时间点获得的酶解产物,木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物的DPP-Ⅳ抑制活性显著高于其他2种蛋白酶的酶解产物(P＜0.05).利用木瓜蛋白酶水解0.50 h的酶解产物具有最高的DPP-Ⅳ抑制活性(抑制率可达(53.95±1.57)％)、较高的水解程度以及最低的灰分含量.说明利用蛋白酶水解技术能够使牦牛乳酪蛋白中具有DPP-Ⅳ抑制活性的多肽释放,木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物可作为功能性乳基料用于功能性食品的开发. 相似文献
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Espino L Bérmudez R Fidalgo LE González A Miño N Quiroga MI 《The Journal of small animal practice》2006,47(10):598-602
A case of meningoencephalitis in a dog caused by Staphylococcus warneri is reported here. The history and clinical signs were suggestive of possible central nervous system infection. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid documented a neutrophilic pleocytosis (890 cells/mul) and the presence of occasional intracellular cocci. Staphylococcus warneri was isolated from the microbiological culture of the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment consisted of intravenous antibiotics, supportive care and anticonvulsants for the generalised seizures that developed after admission. Histological assessment confirmed the location and extension of bacterial meningoencephalitis. Thrombotic meningoencephalitis associated with Staphylococcus warneri infection has not, to the authors' knowledge, been previously reported in dogs. 相似文献
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Residue persistence in sheep milk following antibiotic therapy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Molina A Molina MP Althaus RL Gallego L 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2003,165(1):84-89
Drug residues in milk supplies may have public health implications and can interfere in the manufacture of dairy products, such as cheese. In Spain, most ewe milk production is destined for cheese making, often using raw milk. This study analyses the main factors influencing antibiotic depletion time in lactating dairy sheep. 42, Manchega ewes were distributed into three groups, each receiving a different treatment (cephalexin intramammary infusion, penicillin G intramuscular, and oxytetracycline intravenous injections). During and after the recommended withdrawal period, milk samples were taken at each milking. A microbiological inhibition test (Brilliant Black Reduction, BRT) was used to screen all samples and antibiotic withholding times were established using a logistic regression model. The response to the BRT method in milk from individual ewes treated showed that the effect of the milking order was significant (P<0.001) with the three antibiotics. However the only influence on milk yield was with the intramammary treatment (P<0.005). The BRT method was found to be very sensitive, particularly to the two beta-lactamic antibiotics. 相似文献
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Antibiotic residues (bacterial inhibitory substances) in the milk of cows treated under label and extra-label conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 McEwen SA Black WD Meek AH 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1992,33(8):527-534
The objectives of this study were to describe the depletion pattern of antibiotic residues (microbial inhibitory substances) from the milk of cows treated under field conditions of clinical disease and antibiotic administration, including both label and extra-label use, and to determine if the type of extra-label use, the route of administration, and the drug used were factors associated with prolonged shedding of residues in milk.
Milk samples from 138 cows, treated with a variety of antibiotic products on farms in southwestern Ontario in 1989 and 1990, were collected before treatment and for six days after cessation of treatment. Samples were tested for antibiotic residues with the Brilliant Black reduction test (BR-test) and the Bacillus stearothermophilus var calidolactis disc assay. In 13/138 (9.4%) of cow treatments, at least one milk sample was positive on both antibiotic residue tests after the label milk withholding time for the drug(s) used. In ten of these instances, the antibiotics were administered in extra-label fashion and in three the drugs were reportedly used according to label instructions. Extra-label use of antibiotics was significantly associated with increased risk of antibiotic residues in milk beyond the label withholding time. No significant differences in risk were observed among the various antibiotic products used in the study.
The farms involved in this study were selected on the basis of their proximity to our laboratory; therefore, the frequency of antibiotic residue detection after withholding times may not be indicative of the provincial or national situation. If farmers and veterinarians find themselves in a situation where extra-label use of an antibiotic is necessary, use of an alternative antibiotic that can be used at label dose and with a known withdrawal time may avoid a problem with residues.
相似文献17.
Andrew SM Moyes KM Borm AA Fox LK Leslie KE Hogan JS Oliver SP Schukken YH Owens WE Norman C 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,134(1-2):150-156
Heifers (n=136) from 5 herds were treated with a commercially available beta-lactam intramammary (IMM) antibiotic preparation containing cephapirin sodium at 10-21 d prior to anticipated parturition to evaluate the risk of antibiotic residues occurring in milk postpartum and to determine factors associated with antibiotic residues and IMM pathogen presence in milk postpartum. Mammary secretions collected from quarters before antibiotic administration and during weeks 1, 2 and 3 postpartum were analyzed for mastitis pathogens. Composite milk was collected at milkings 3, 6 and 10 postpartum and analyzed for beta-lactam residues using a microbial inhibition antibiotic residue screening test. Antibiotic residues were confirmed with beta-lactamase treatment and re-tested for residues. Residues were detected in 28.0, 8.82 and 3.68% of milk samples obtained at the third, sixth, and tenth milking postpartum, respectively. Increases in interval between prepartum antibiotic therapy and parturition and an increase in the postpartum interval to sampling were associated with a decrease in risk of antibiotic residues. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk at the third milking was associated with a reduced risk for IMM pathogen prevalence in the first 21 d postpartum. Lower somatic cell counts, an increase in mean milk yield over 200 days in milk and a reduction in IMM pathogen prevalence were associated with the presence of an antibiotic in milk postpartum. Screening milk for antibiotic residues in milk postpartum following prepartum antibiotic therapy in heifers is recommended to reduce the risk for antibiotic residue contamination of milk. 相似文献
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17 feces samples of yak which were collected in Hongyuan county were measured with Gram staining method and 16S rRNA molecular identification in this study.8 suspected Enterococcus were separate from feces samples by bacteria purification and PCR amplification with 1 500 bp specific band. 6Enterococcus faecalis and 2Enterococcus faecium were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing.The homology analysis of the strains revealed that the homology between Enterococcus faecalis and reference strains sequence were 99.7% to 100%,that of Enterococcus faecium and reference sequence were 98.2% to 99.2%,indicating that the yak Enterococcus was highly conserved in the process of genetic evolution.The drug sensitive test results showed that the isolated strains were highly resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics.Enterococcus faecium 11-1-2 strain was not only 5 multi-resistant,but also showed resistence to vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis strains was most 3 multi-resistant.The antibiotics resistance results revealed that the resistance of yak Enterococcus was serious and should be taken seriously. 相似文献
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试验结合革兰氏染色及16S rRNA分子鉴定,对分离自红原县的17份牦牛粪便样中的肠球菌进行鉴定。结果显示,通过细菌分离纯化及PCR扩增,从牦牛粪便样品中分离出8株疑似肠球菌,分离菌的扩增产物经凝胶电泳后均产生1 500 bp特异性条带。16S rRNA测序结果显示,8株疑似肠球菌中,6株为粪肠球菌,2株为屎肠球菌。同源性比对分析显示,粪肠球菌与参考序列同源性为99.7%~100.0%,屎肠球菌与参考序列同源性为98.2%~99.2%,说明牦牛源肠球菌在遗传进化过程中高度保守。运用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,结果显示,分离株对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐受性较高,2株屎肠球菌中,11-1-2菌株表现为5重耐药,且该菌株耐万古霉素,粪肠球菌主要表现为3重耐药,药敏结果提示牦牛源肠球菌耐药较严重,应引起高度重视。 相似文献
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邱山桐王萌高娜余震徐庚全余四九王立斌潘阳阳 《动物营养学报》2023,(1):335-349
本试验利用蛋白质组学方法分析荷斯坦奶牛乳与牦牛乳乳清与乳脂肪球膜中的差异蛋白,比较功能差异,为开发不同品种牛乳提供帮助。通过离心法分离荷斯坦奶牛乳与牦牛乳的乳清与乳脂,分别提取蛋白,通过串联质谱标签（TMT）法进行蛋白质定性与定量分析,得到差异蛋白;对差异蛋白进行GO功能注释、KEGG代谢通路、蛋白质互作（PPI）等生物信息学分析。结果显示：牦牛乳的乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、总固形物和非乳脂固形物含量均显著高于荷斯坦奶牛乳（P<0.05）。在2种牛乳乳清中共鉴定到可信蛋白641种,在乳脂肪球膜中共鉴定到可信蛋白543种;在乳清中筛选出差异蛋白268种,其中牦牛乳比荷斯坦奶牛乳上调70种,下调198种;在乳脂肪球膜中筛选出差异蛋白267种,其中牦牛乳比荷斯坦奶牛乳上调68种,下调199种。GO功能注释及富集分析表明2种牛乳的乳清和乳脂肪球膜差异蛋白均主要富集在细胞外空间、小分子结合和免疫反应等方面。KEGG注释及富集分析表明2种牛乳的乳清和乳脂肪球膜差异蛋白主要富集在金黄色葡萄球菌感染、补体与凝血级联等通路。差异蛋白互作网络分析发现2种牛乳的乳清差异蛋白中甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPD... 相似文献