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《Journal of Landscape Research》2016,(2)
Formation and development of ancient terraces proves that slope-to-terrace project is a signifi cant measure for conserving water and soil in mountainous areas. UAV remote sensing technology was applied to obtain RS images with a resolution ratio of 0.1–0.5 m, Arc GIS was applied for data processing, and Fragstats3.3 was used to calculate characteristic indexes, to study landscape pattern of 4 ancient terraces in Huangping County, Guizhou Province. The results showed that terrace landscapes and woodland landscapes in the study area account for nearly 80% of the whole landscape(terrace 30%, woodland 50%); mean area of single fi eld is mainly concentrated between 100 m~2 and 200 m~2, and height between 0.7 m and 1.7 m, breadth 0.5 m and 0.6 m; most terraces have a gradient of 5–25°, accounting for 70% of the total number of fi eld. The water and soil conservation concept in the ancient terraces provides references for the slope-to-terrace project and the water and soil loss control of slope farmland. 相似文献
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吉林省黑土侵蚀区水土保持措施对土壤颗粒组成和速效养分影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探索黑土区生态环境恢复与土壤质量修复途径,笔者在榆树大沟采用全坡段“S”型采集土壤样品方法,分析吉林省黑土侵蚀区水土保持措施对土壤颗粒组成和速效养分的影响。结果表明：目前水土保持措施下,生态修复措施II是短时期内吉林省黑土侵蚀区进行土壤肥力恢复较好的措施。各措施粘粒含量均不高于12.6%,土壤质地为壤土。速效养分含量受水土保持措施影响较大,各水土保持措施土壤养分含量总体不高。碱解氮含量与粉粒、粘粒含量均呈极显著负相关;速效钾含量与砂粒含量、粉粒含量呈极显著正相关,而与粘粒含量呈极显著负相关;速效磷含量与土壤颗粒组成之间无显著相关性。为遏制黑土退化的趋势和保障生态安全,应结合当前国家需求,在进行水土流失综合治理的同时积极利用当地丰富的秸秆资源进行土壤培肥。 相似文献
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为探索沂河流域土壤侵蚀的强度和规律,利用ArcGIS的空间分析与统计分析功能,从高程、坡度、土壤类型、土地利用4个方面,对沂河流域土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征进行研究。结果表明：（1）流域土壤侵蚀总体以中度侵蚀为主,存在较为明显的区域差异;（2）侵蚀主要发生在600 m以下区域,其中高程位于200~400 m之间的区域侵蚀面积最大;（3）5°以下以及8°~15°坡度级土壤侵蚀面积较大,土壤侵蚀随坡度的增加总体都呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势;（4）土壤总面积越大,侵蚀面积也越大。石质土、粗骨土的土壤侵蚀率较高,潮土和砂姜黑土的土壤侵蚀率较低;（5）耕地、草地和林地侵蚀面积最大,林地、草地、未利用地土壤侵蚀率较大,水域土壤侵蚀率最小。 相似文献
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黄前流域土壤侵蚀特征及其与环境影响因子关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以黄前流域为研究对象,以减少水土流失为目的,运用3S软件和水土保持相关理论,通过对2008年ALOS影像解译,研究黄前流域内土地利用、坡度、高程和植被盖度因子对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明：流域内土壤侵蚀强度类型以轻度侵蚀和中度侵蚀为主;侵蚀主要发生在坡度为5°~35°、高程200~800 m、植被盖度45%~75%的林地和园地。水土流失区域主要发生在人类活动剧烈的园地,说明人类活动对流域的土壤侵蚀有很大的影响。 相似文献
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Influence of erosion on productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) cultivation
Accelerated erosion was monitored in Eastern Schleswig-Holstein (F.R.G.) during the last decades. The objective of this study was to compare agricultural productivity of upper, middle and base slope segments to the respective soil parameters, reflecting results of long-term erosion.
Five soil catenas were surveyed. Each catena was divided into three segments representing an eroded area (upper segment), an area with an equilibrium between erosion, accumulation and soil development (middle segment) and an area with accumulation (base slope segment).
In 1986 soil qualities, growth characters and yield components of maize were analysed for each slope segment. At eroded slope segments vegetation cover and yield were significantly lower than at middle and base slope segments. Middle slope segments (equilibrium between erosion, accumulation and soil development) snowed balanced soil quality parameters and high maize yields with a desired combination of yield components. 相似文献
Accelerated erosion was monitored in Eastern Schleswig-Holstein (F.R.G.) during the last decades. The objective of this study was to compare agricultural productivity of upper, middle and base slope segments to the respective soil parameters, reflecting results of long-term erosion.
Five soil catenas were surveyed. Each catena was divided into three segments representing an eroded area (upper segment), an area with an equilibrium between erosion, accumulation and soil development (middle segment) and an area with accumulation (base slope segment).
In 1986 soil qualities, growth characters and yield components of maize were analysed for each slope segment. At eroded slope segments vegetation cover and yield were significantly lower than at middle and base slope segments. Middle slope segments (equilibrium between erosion, accumulation and soil development) snowed balanced soil quality parameters and high maize yields with a desired combination of yield components. 相似文献
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ZHOU Fu - chun 《保鲜与加工》2006,(5):27-29
The highway project in mountainous area will lead to serious soil erosion,due to its long road line and large volume of the work.While the program of water and soil conservation is drawn up,the prediction of the amount of soil erosion is needed. The whole amount of soil erosion comprises primary and new soil erosion amount. The primary soil erosion amount may be predicted by the method of average erosion modulus or universal soil loss equation.The new soil erosion amount is made up of erosion amount due to disturbed earth surface and discarded soil.Finally, the prediction model of soil erosion amount about a specific highway project during its construction period in mountainous area is analyzed. 相似文献
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《Soil Technology》1992,5(1):67-79
Soil loss from and rainfall retention on cropland during individual seasons vary from year to year. To quantify this variability for evaluation of soil and water related risks for different seasons and crops, probability distributions of soil loss and rain water retention are needed. In this study, probability distributions of soil loss and rainfall retention rates were computed using rainfall, runoff, and soil loss data from three field watersheds with Cecil-Pacolet soil (Typic Hapludults) in the Southern Piedmont of the United States. Long-term (34-year) rainfall records from a nearby gage were included in the computations. Resulting probability distributions were compared to evaluate risks of soil loss and low rainfall retention for different seasons and crops. Risks due to watershed differences in slope and in terrace and waterway conservation practices were also compared. These comparisons showed that soil loss risks are greater for the summer than for the winter crop season and greater for soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr.) than for corn (Zea mays L.). Considerable soil loss risk reduction was also observed for watersheds with less land slope and with terrace and grassed waterway installation. Risk of low rainfall retention was found to be less for the winter crop season than for the summer season. Rainfall retention risks for the winter crop season appeared to be unaffected by crop and watershed differences. For the summer crop season, however, risk of low rainfall retention was observed to be slightly higher for soybean than for corn and slightly lower for fields with terraces, grassed waterways, and lesser slopes. Soil loss and rainfall retention risks computed in this study can be coupled with economic costs for crop production and conservation planning. 相似文献
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东北黑土区坡耕地侵蚀沟研究现状及进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
侵蚀沟造成了东北黑土区坡耕地大量的土壤流失,开展有关黑土区坡耕地侵蚀沟的研究对于土壤流失防治、耕地保护以及生态恢复具有重要意义。目前,在黑土区坡耕地侵蚀沟的发生发展的影响因素、预测、防治措施等方面进行了相关的研究。本文对当前的研究进行了深入的讨论和总结,指出当前对黑土区侵蚀沟分级分类缺乏细致标准的分类依据,对黑土区侵蚀沟影响因子的研究不够全面,对侵蚀沟治理的经济、生态效益以及各种治理措施的效果差异缺乏有效的定量评价。针对现有研究不足,提出了开展黑土区侵蚀沟分类分级体系的标准化,加强土壤、植物、工程措施和耕作措施等因子对侵蚀沟影响研究以及进行侵蚀沟治理措施效果的定量评价将是今后研究重点。 相似文献
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秸秆覆盖对坡耕地土壤性状和马铃薯产量的影响 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
通过田间试验研究稻草和玉米秸秆覆盖对坡耕地土壤侵蚀、土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤小动物种类和数量、杂草生长及马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明：坡耕地秸秆覆盖栽培秋马铃薯能减少土壤泥沙流失57.1%~71.4%,有效降低地面秋冬季节极端温度,提高土壤渗蓄保墒能力,增加土壤生物多样性和数量,特别是蚯蚓的数量明显增加,比对照高2倍以上,稻草和玉米秸秆杂草量仅为对照的9%~57%,马铃薯产量增幅为33%~77%,增产效果明显。因此,坡耕地稻草和玉米秸秆覆盖有利于保蓄水土,改良土壤性状,稳定提高马铃薯产量。 相似文献
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[目的]为了加快紫色土工程侵蚀区的植被恢复,针对紫色土工程侵蚀区种植福建柏进行防治侵蚀技术措施和初植密度试验研究。[方法]试验采用裂区试验设计。[结果]试验结果表明：采取鱼鳞坑整地或等高线反坡整地,筑建土石坝,使用土壤稳定剂和铺放秸秆能够提高福建柏造林成活率及其生长量,以铺放秸秆效果更好。不同初植密度对福建柏林分生长状况有影响,考虑到造林成本和调整林分结构,认为株行距1.8m×1.8m,初植密度3086株/hm2更为合理。[结论]该试验总结了一套紫色土工程侵蚀区栽植福建柏的技术措施,在生态层面和森林培育层面都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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水土流失是当前较为严重的环境问题之一。江淮丘陵区是水土流失较为严重的区域。本研究以肥东县为例研究土壤侵蚀问题,依据第二次土壤普查资料,采用分段3次Hermite插值法对土壤质地粒径进行转换及几何平均粒径修正模型进行计算,运用数理统计方法及SPSS相关性分析和ArcGIS软件地统计分析对研究区土壤质地类因子和可蚀性K值特征进行了研究。结果表明：（1）水稻土、黄褐土土壤质地组分含量变异系数差异较显著,黄棕壤变异系数差异较低;（2）水稻土、黄褐土质地类各因子主要通过CLA和Dg对土壤可蚀性进行作用,且均为负向作用;（3）肥东县土壤可蚀性K均值为0.02797,水稻土0.0279,黄褐土0.0281,黄棕壤0.0263;（4）不同土壤质地K值平均值中粉壤土最大,砂壤土最小,且土壤质地K值均呈弱变异性;（5）肥东县土壤可蚀性以中等可蚀性、高可蚀性为主。肥东县土壤可蚀性K值空间分布呈现由北向南先降低、后增高、再降低的趋势,由东向西逐渐增高的趋势,存在极大的土壤侵蚀风险。 相似文献
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为了有效地评价由土壤侵蚀引起的伊河流域的面源污染状况,依据水利部颁布的《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(SL 190-2007),应用通用土壤侵蚀方程,借助遥感和GIS技术精确计算模型各参数因子,对伊河流域区域土壤侵蚀强度进行评价,揭示土壤侵蚀在空间分布上的差异,并简要地分析植物覆盖度对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明,伊河流域微度侵蚀面积占整个流域的90.1%;在影响土壤侵蚀的几个因子中,地形因子的影响最大,在山区植被覆盖度高的地方,土壤的侵蚀模数较小。 相似文献
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黑土有机质含量丰富,土壤养分高,是全球最优质的土壤资源之一,更是国家的宝贵战略资源。黑龙江省地处中国东北部,黑土区土壤肥沃,是国家重要的商品粮基地。但是近年来由于水土流失等原因造成黑土肥力下降、黑土层变薄等相关问题,需要全面推行黑土地保护性耕作方法。运用数据分析法,参考文献法等方法,对黑龙江省黑土地保护性耕作实施的基本情况及问题进行分析。在黑土地保护性耕作实施过程中,面临着农户对黑土地保护耕作方式认知程度偏低、技术运用不规范、技术种类和机具数量偏少、缺少黑土地保护性耕作长效机制等现实问题。因此,提议从提高农户认知程度、建立大面积黑土地保护性耕作示范基地、提升政府扶持力度、为黑土地保护性耕作技术研发和装备供给提供专项资金、建立黑土地保护性耕作长效机制等方面建设黑土地保护性耕作的发展之路。 相似文献
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Based on ecological slope protection models by orthogonal tests, comparative experimental study of properties of slope protection through grass jetting on 3D geomat considered types of 3D geomat, density of grass seeds, types of soil and slope gradient are conducted under different rain intensity. The results show that the sequence of sensibilities for erosion modulus is density of grass seeds, slope gradient, types of soil and 3D geomat under the condition of simulating light rain, geomat can play a remarkable role to erosion modulus under the condition of simulating rainstorm, the erosion modulus for slope protection by grass jetting 3D geomat reduces 5 times than non protection natural slope. Equivalent cohesion of soil grass geomat compound decreases with the increase of depth, and curvilinear regression between equivalent cohesion and depth is cubic polynomial expression. Permeability coefficient of surface soil tends to increase with thicker geomat and bigger density of grassroots. 相似文献
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开发建设项目水土流失量预测是水土保持方案编制的依据和关键,针对水电站工程水土流失预测过程中出现的种种问题,如预测分区的混乱,预测面积不准确,预测时段划分不正确等,提出了相应的对策。给出了水土流失预测项目区划分图,对预测过程中流失系数的算法进行了分析,作者建议从侵蚀因子、选择类比法来或查阅相关水文资料确定流失系数。 相似文献
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南方坡耕地种植苎麻水土保持机理研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了明确苎麻水土保持机理,进而为大面积利用苎麻治理坡耕地水土流失提供理论依据,对苎麻不同利用方式叶面积指数、茎叶截留效应、枯落物持水能力、地下根系分布进行了研究。结果表明：不收获小区苎麻叶面积指数明显大于对照;苎麻不收获小区茎叶截留量最大为2.56 mm,高于其他小区;最大枯落物持水量,不收获小区最大为2.4 mm,饲用小区最小为0 mm;种植苎麻小区不同类型根系鲜重为萝卜根>扁担根>龙头根>细根;苎麻根系深度可达60 cm,玉米根系深度只有30 cm。研究表明,苎麻水土保持效果好,主要是其根系入土深、主根发达、根系分布广、覆盖时间长、叶面积指数大。 相似文献