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1.
The standard artificial reproduction technique with the use of Ovopel (GnRH analogue) was evaluated for the critically endangered cyprinid species in Poland, the lake minnow Eupallasella perenurus. Wild spawners were angled at the beginning of the spawning season. Only females with a condition coefficient value higher than the mean were included in the experiment and then stimulated with Ovopel. Group A (n = 20) was given standard treatment (0.2 pellet kg–1 and 1.0 pellet kg–1 after 12 h), whereas group B (n = 8) was treated with a single dose of 2.0 pellets kg–1. After fertilisation with the dry method, the glutinous eggs attached to the bottom of flow-through aquaria were incubated at 17.1–18.4°C. Throughout incubation (85D°), dead eggs were removed and counted. The same was done with dead larvae, those with deformed bodies or those with empty alimentary tracts after 2 days of external feeding. Two injections of Ovopel resulted in a significantly (P 0.05) higher ovulation rate in comparison with the single dose (70 and 25% in groups A and B, respectively). The individual hatching rates were very high (98.4–100%), as was the share of good quality larvae (91.1 and 96.5% of stripped eggs in groups A and B, respectively). These results indicate that the standard propagation method used with commercially important cyprinid species can also be used to successfully breed E. perenurus.  相似文献   

2.
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of out‐of‐season spawning of cultivated pikeperch (fish that were reared from the larval stage in re‐circulating systems and fed commercial feed exclusively) stimulated hormonally with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The impact of fish age (2+ and 3+) and hormone dosage [200 or 400 IU hCG kg−1 body weight (BW)] on spawning was analysed and expressed as the share of stripped females, commercial fecundity (% BW) and survival of embryos until the eyed‐egg stage (EES index). The possibility of utilizing changes in female pikeperch body weight (CBW index) that are observed following hormone injections as an additional indicator for determining maturity was also investigated. The age and hormone dosage were not noted to have a significant impact on the number of stripped females (≥80% on all groups), the latency period (90–100 h), commercial fecundity (11.3–13.3% BW) or the values of the EES index (61–73%; P>0.05). The mean value of EES from the 3+ age group females was higher than that in the 2+ females, and the interaction between the tested factors (fish age and hormone dosage) wasstatistically significant (P<0.05). In the fish from the control group (injected with a 0.9% NaCl solution), no progress was noted in the maturation of oocytes and no eggs were obtained from any female. It was noted that these females lost BW over the course of the subsequent 24 h of the measurements (P<0.05). In the groups of females that were stimulated hormonally, the opposite phenomenon was observed; in these groups, the CBW index increased significantly between 48 and 96 h following hormone injection. The value of the CBW index was not noted to have been statistically significantly determined by either hormone dose or fish age (P>0.05). The regression equations that described the dependence between CBW and the oocyte maturity stage were highly significant statistically, and the determination coefficient R2 assumed a value of 0.76. The most significant increase in BW was related to the oocytes achieving maturity stage III. The BW of pikeperch females with oocytes in this stage was 103% higher than the initial BW. This might be a valuable and useful tool for determining maturity in females of this fish species.  相似文献   

3.
Induced spawning in perch, Perca fluviatilis L., was studied using follicle stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone (FSH + LH) with the addition of pimozide or metoclopramide. The doses administered to fish were: 75 IU kg?1 of FSH + LH with 5 or 10mgkg?1 of pimozide (P) or metoclopramide (M) in females, and 25 IU kg?1 of FSH + LH with 2.5 or 5 mg kg?1 of P or M in males. Hormonal injections in males (except the injection of FSH + LH with 10 mg kg?1 of M) did not influence the quantity of milt obtained. All females treated in this experiment had oocytes at the same stage of nucleus migration, so the time of ovulation was very synchronous, i.e. 16-24 h after injection. The relationship between the quality of the eggs, expressed as a survival to eyed-egg stage, and latency was inverse. Spawning success, expressed as a spawning effectiveness coefficient (Se), was highest in the fish that had been treated with FSH + LH with a higher dose of M.  相似文献   

4.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hCG injections on reproductive efficiency by hCG treatment in both male or female brooders of domesticated pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in the first generation. The study consisted of four treatments based on hormone injection to male or female brooders including T1: both sexes were injected, T2: only females were injected, T3: only males were injected, and T4: without hormone injection. Each treatment which included 14 males and 12 females were introduced to a single rectangular concrete tank with one spawning nest for each mate (a total of 12 nests per tank). Fish were injected by a single dose of 200 IU/kg hCG before transferring to mating tanks. After mating, nests containing fertilized eggs were transferred to circular concrete tanks for incubation and hatching of embryos. According to the results, treatments T3 and T4 did not respond to hormonal stimulation and no fish were spawned. Treatments T1 and T2 showed a positive response to hormone injection. Latency time, fertilization rate, and hatching rate showed no significant difference between T1 and T2 (P?>?0.05), but the number of responded females was significantly higher in T2 (P?<?0.05). The results of the present study demonstrated that it is possible to perform the semi-artificial propagation of domesticated pikeperch via injecting with 200 IU/kg hCG just to females, without the need for hormonal stimulation for males.

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5.
A reliable breeding technique was developed for the mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal 1775), to help sustain the aquaculture of this immensely popular species in Southeast Asia. Using standardized indices of female maturity (based on mean oocyte diameter of ≥0.40 mm), time of injection (1000–1130) and sex ratio (one female to two males), a single injection of 100 μg kg?1 luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) (n=16 fish), but not 50 μg kg?1 (n=five fish), successfully induced egg (62.5% success rate) and larval (43.8%) production. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 500 IU kg?1 (n=five fish) also failed to induce spawning, but doses of 1000 (n=22 fish) and 1500 IU kg?1 (n=15 fish) gave spawning (77.3% and 80.0% respectively) and hatching success rates (72.7% and 60.0% respectively) that were not significantly different from those of 100 μg kg?1 LHRHa. No spawning was observed in saline‐injected controls (n=seven fish). While mean spawning latency, egg diameter, egg production per spawn, percent egg viability, hatching rate, percent of normal larvae and cumulative survival of eggs to normal larvae did not differ significantly among the effective hormones and doses, 1000 IU kg?1 hCG had a higher percentage (76.5%) of total spawns with egg production per spawn in excess of one million than those of 1500 IU kg?1 hCG (50.0%) and 100 μg kg?1 LHRHa (40.0%). Mangrove red snapper spontaneously spawned from March–April to November–December with a peak of egg collection and spawning in May–June. Egg collection per spawn ranged from 0.05 to 6.35 million. Spontaneous spawning of mangrove red snapper exhibited lunar periodicity with spawns mostly occurring 3 days before or after the last quarter and new moon phases and occurred consistently between 02:00 and 04:00 hours. High fecundity and good egg quality, coupled with the ability to respond to induce spawning or natural spawning in captivity, provide a sound basis for improving the sustainability of red snapper aquaculture in Southeast Asia.  相似文献   

6.
Induced spawning in bream, Abramis brama (L), was studied using acetone-dried common carp pituitary (CP) and bream pituitary (BP) with or without the addition of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The total dose administered to fish was of 5.0 mg kg?1 BP or 4.0 mg kg?1 CP with or without 2000-2200 IU hCG kg?1 for females and 2.5 mg kg?1 BP or 2.0 mg kg?1 CP with or without 1000–1100 IU HCG kg?1 for males. In all male treated groups 100% of spermiation was observed: in females the most effective method was a triple injection with hCG and carp pituitary, resulting in 79% of females ovulated (over 68% of eyed eggs). Biological quality of eggs, expressed as a percentage of eyed eggs, was negatively correlated with time elapsing between resolving (final) injection and ovulation. Spawning success, expressed as a value of Se (spawning effectiveness coefficient), was higher in fish treated with triple injection.  相似文献   

7.
Three trials of hormonally induced out-of-season spawning of cultured pikeperch were performed. Two preparations containing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (groups Bg-4 and Pl-4) were applied in experiment I. Injections of preparations containing hCG either alone (group P1-3) or in combination with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) of different producers (groups Sr-3 and Pg-3) were applied in experiment II. Spawning effectiveness was determined for four age groups (2+ to 5+) of pikeperch stimulated with hCG (groups Pl-2–Pl-5) in experiment III. The females from all the experimental groups were stimulated once with a single dose of hormone at 300 IU kg?1 body weight (BW). Females from the control group were injected with a 0.9 % solution of NaCl (group C). The working fecundity (CF; % of BW), latency time (LaT; h), and eyed-egg survival (EES, %) were determined. No progress in oocyte maturation was noted among the females from group C. Significant differences were noted in LaT, which was lower in group Pl-3 than in groups Sr-3 and Pg-3. The youngest fish (2+) matured significantly more slowly and exhibited significantly lower values of the CF and EES indexes in comparison with older fish (LaT 102 vs 75–80 h; CF 5.4 vs 10.4–11.2 % BW; EES 47 vs 70–77 %). The hormonal preparations used had a positive impact on the ovulation and spermiation of the cultured pikeperch. No improvement in the effectiveness of out-of-season spawning was noted when combined preparations of hCG and PMSG were used.  相似文献   

8.
Obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus (Abedate) is one of the several species of Takifugu genus that migrate to the Yangtze River, China during the spawning season of February to May. It is a popular fish among locals and fetches a premium price owing to its high-quality meat. It is also a potential species for intensive culture as its natural populations are currently declining. There have been no published studies on the effects of GnRH-a injection on the obscure puffer. In this paper, we report the results of several obscure puffer ovulation trials conducted in 1995 and 1996. We demonstrated that ovulation could successfully be induced in obscure puffer collected from open systems during spawning period using a dosage of LHRH-a as low as 40 µg kg–1 in two injections. We found no significant differences among 80, 60, 40 µg LHRH-a kg–1 treatments in ovulation success, egg production, fertilization rate and hatch rate. Accordingly, we recommend the use of 40 µg LHRH-a kg–1 as the optimal dosage from an economical point of view.  相似文献   

9.
Effects of the native GnRHs and various agonists have been evaluated on the spawning of an Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. This study tested salmon (s) GnRH agonists and mammalian (m) GnRH agonists where a D-amino acid residue was substituted alone at position 6 or the C-terminal was modified with ethylamide. GnRH agonists with a combination of these structural modifications were also evaluated separately for their effect on the spawning of the catfish. Native sGnRH, [Pro9 NEt]-sGnRH agonist and chicken (c) GnRH-II exhibited similar activity and induced spawning within 14–18 h at a dose of 100 g kg–1 body weight (BW). [D-Lys6]-sGnRH agonist and [D-Lys6 Pro9 NEt]-sGnRH agonist, induced spawning at a dose of 100 g kg–1 BW and 1 g kg–1 BW, respectively. The most notable observation in this study was the ineffectiveness of [D-Ala6]-mGnRH agonist and [Des Gly10 D-Ala6 Pro9 NEt]-mGnRH agonist. The results obtained suggest that substitution at position 6 alone, and in conjunction with an ethylamide-based modification at the C-terminal in the native sGnRH structure, increases the potency of the tested agonists to induce spawning in the catfish. This study also discusses the potential use and incorporation of cGnRH-II for the development of more generic spawning induction therapies.  相似文献   

10.
The aim of the present study was to study spawning stimulation in artificial reproduction of females pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) using “Chorulon” containing the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and compare with “Supergestran” containing a mammalian GnRH ([D-Ala6]GnRHProNhet) analogue. The females were divided into eleven experimental groups and injected with hCG at 250, 500, 750, and 1 000 IU kg?1 body weight (BW) and mGnRHa at 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 μg kg?1 BW. In all treatments, a single intramuscular injection of hormone was performed. Control group was injected with 0.9 % NaCl, 0.9 cm3 kg?1 BW. The average percentages of ovulating females were 88.5 ± 12.3 and 80.8 ± 10.9 % in hCG- and mGnRHa-treated groups, respectively. The average diameter of eggs was 0.95 ± 0.06 and 0.98 ± 0.06 mm in hCG- and mGnRHa-treated groups, respectively. Neither ovulation rate nor diameter of egg was statistically differed among hormonally treated groups. Statistical difference was observed only in hatching rate, where the average were 73.6 ± 14.4 and 50.6 ± 17.7 % in hCG and mGnRHa-treated groups, respectively. Among hormonally treated groups, the best results were observed in groups treated with hCG at 500 and 750 IU kg?1 and in groups treated with mGnRHa at 25 μg kg?1. No ovulation was observed in the control group. This study indicated successful ovulation in pikeperch using a single intramuscular injection of hCG or mGnRHa analogue.  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT

An attempt has been made for multiple spawning of Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus, by sustained hormone administrations through injection and pellet at three different levels of human chorionic gonado-tropin (HCG): 150, 200, and 250 IU. The size of the eggs and biometry of larvae were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in hormone-treated females compared with untreated groups during first as well as second spawning. The administration of all three levels of sustained hormone was also influenced the rate of fertilization and hatching, which were significantly higher (P< 0.05) compared with control group. The total larvae produced by the fish at 200 and 250 IU HCG treatments during both the spawning operations was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the other groups irrespective of the ways of administration. It was observed that the forms of sustained hormone had no variability on breeding parameters. But the fish can be bred prior to normal season by the use of sustained hormone and those can be again bred during the latter part of the season to augment the seed production.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of vitamin E on the pleopodal egg number of Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) was studied. Crayfish were fed 2% of their total wet weight daily with vitamin E supplemented diets and a control for 70 days. The vitamin E content of the control diet, diet 1, diet 2 and diet 3 were 20 mg kg–1, 40 mg kg–1, 80 mg kg–1 and 160 mg kg–1 respectively on a dry weight basis. Vitamin E levels of the control and experimental diets were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results showed that diets containing supplemental vitamin E were associated with an increase in the number of pleopodal eggs. The best result was obtained with diet 2 containing 80 mg kg–1 supplemental vitamin E.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of saline-dissolved or Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA)-emulsified GnRHa treatment on the induction of ovulation in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were examined. The FIA-emulsified GnRHa was first diluted in 0.25 ml physiological saline and then mixed with an equal volume of FIA. Fish were selected in the beginning of the spawning season and were allocated into four groups and were treated intraperitoneally with (a) 0.5 ml of emulsified GnRHa (GnRHa–FIA), (b) 0.5 ml saline-dissolved GnRHa in a single injection (GnRHa-1), (c) 0.5 ml saline-dissolved GnRHa in two injections spaced 1 d apart (GnRHa-2) and (d) 0.5 ml of saline (Control). The GnRHa dose in all hormone treatments was 25 µg kg− 1. All fish in the FIA–GnRHa and GnRHa-2 groups ovulated within 10 and 11 d after treatment, respectively. In contrast, only 75% in the Control fish and 60% of the fish in the GnRHa-1 group ovulated within 36 d after treatment. None of the treatments caused any pre- or post-spawning mortality in the broodstock. Fertilization, eyeing and hatching percentages of the produced progeny were normal in all the treatment groups and did not differ significantly among them. In conclusion, FIA-emulsified GnRHa can be effective in advancing the onset of and synchronizing the ovulation of rainbow trout within a two-week period, thus shortening the egg collection period, without affecting broodstock survival and egg quality.  相似文献   

14.
Induced spawning in Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L., was studied using human chorionic gonadotrophs (hCG) or acetone-dried common carp pituitary with or without hCG. The dose administered to fish was 5700 IU hCG kg-1 or 4.0 mg kg-1 carp pituitary with or without 500-700 IU hCG kg-1 for females and 2850 IU hCG kg-1 or 2.0 mg kg-1 carp pituitary with or without 250-350 IU hCG kg-1 for males. There were no statistically significant differences in quantity of milt in treated and control groups, although the best result was observed when males were treated with a triple injection of hCG and carp pituitary extract. Male spermiating success, expressed as a quantity of milt, was negatively correlated with fish weight. All females treated in this experiment had oocytes at the same division, so time of ovulation was highly synchronous. Spawning success, expressed as a spawning effectivity coefficient (Sc), was highest in fish treated with the triple injection. Spawning methods described in this paper were successful, even though hormones from another order of fish were used.  相似文献   

15.
The impact of feeding, fish size (body weight from 18.5 to 56.5 g) and water temperature (20 and 23 °C) on oxygen consumption (OC, mg O2 kg–1 h–1) and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg–1 h–1) was studied in Eurasian perch held in recirculation systems. OC for both fed and feed-deprived (3 days) fish was higher at 23 °C (278.5 and 150.1 mg O2 kg–1 h–1) than at 20 °C (249.3 and 135.0 mg O2 kg–1 h–1; P < 0.01). AEs for both fed and feed-deprived fish were also significantly higher at 23 °C than at 20 °C (P < 0.001). Water temperature and fish size had a significant impact on the oxygen:feed ratio (OFR, kg O2 kg–1 feed fed day–1) and ammonia:feed ratio (AFR, kg TAN kg–1 feed fed day–1; P < 0.001). Their average values at temperatures of 20 and 23 °C were 0.17 and 0.19 kg O2 kg–1 feed fed day–1 and 0.009 and 0.011 kg TAN kg–1 feed fed day–1, respectively.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of a single injection of mammalian superactive analogue [d ‐Ser(tBu)6,Pro9‐NEt]‐LHRHa (20 μg/ kg?1) combined with the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol (HAL, 0.5 mg kg?1), for induction of ovulation in the koi carp broodstocks were determined under routine hatchery conditions. The results were compared with classic carp pituitary extract (CPE, double injection) application (water temperature 22 °C). Physiological saline (0.7% NaCl)‐injected fish were used as a control group and no ovulation occurred in this group. The spawning ratio was high in the LHRHa+HAL treatment group and in the CPE treatment group (6/7 and 5/7 respectively). The latency period was 14–16 h in the LHRHa+HAL treatment group and 12–14 h in the CPE treatment group (after the second injection). There was no difference between the two ovulating groups with respect to the spawning index (the weight of eggs as a percentage of female body weight) and fertilization rate of eggs (P>0.05). As a result, ovulation can be induced successfully in koi carp broodstocks with 20 μg kg?1 [d ‐Ser(tBu)6,Pro9‐NEt]‐LHRHa+0.5 mg kg?1 HAL treatment in a single injection without decreasing the egg quality. Application of this combination can be useful for hatchery and broodstock management in koi carp culture.  相似文献   

17.
Mature black sea bass, Centropristis striata L. (200–800 g), were captured in coastal South Carolina during the spawning season and administered hormones for ovulation induction and strip spawning. During both study years, control groups of females were incorporated into the study design and administered sham injections containing physiological saline solution. In 2004, females received a single intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (330 IU kg−1) (n=8) or two injections of hCG at 24‐h intervals (n=8). In 2005, females received a single injection of hCG (n=10) or an analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRHa) (n=10). In 2004, all fish administered a single dose of hCG ovulated at least once. Six fish ovulated on two consecutive days and one fish ovulated on 3 days consecutively. In contrast, six of eight fish receiving two doses of hCG ovulated once, five ovulated on 2 days successively and three fish ovulated 3 days in succession. Of the fish that spawned, no differences were found in any reproductive parameters. In 2005, all fish administered hCG or LHRHa ovulated at least once. Three fish administered hCG ovulated twice, four fish ovulated on three consecutive days and one fish 4 days successively. All fish administered LHRHa spawned at least twice, six fish ovulated thrice and three fish ovulated 4 days, successively. A significant difference in fertility was found between hCG (75.6±11.4%) and LHRHa (55.6±27.4%). The results of this study indicate that both hCG and LHRHa are effective for ovulation induction in prespawning black sea bass.  相似文献   

18.
An attempt was made to increase free amino acids (FAA) concentrations in eggs of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus as part of an induced spawning protocol. Mature female red snapper were given intramuscular injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at a 1100 IU kg?1 of female body weight. Immediately after the HCG injection, one set of females received an intramuscular injection of FAA in a buffered saline solution at a dose of 20 mg FAA cocktail kg?1 of body weight. The FAA cocktail was 25% isoleucine, 25% leucine, 25% lysine and 25% valine on a molecular weight basis. A second set of fish did not receive the FAA supplement. Both sets of fish were equally successful in spawning with ovulation occurring 21–32.5 h post injection. Injection of FAA into brooders as eggs began final maturation and hydration resulted in an increase in leucine (nmoles mg egg?1) and a slight increase in isoleucine (nmoles egg?1) in recently ovulated eggs. FAA supplementation via brood injection altered FAA utilization rates by embryos and during larval development, resulted in a greater yolk sac and oil globule reserve in larvae as they approached the time of first feeding.  相似文献   

19.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a mean (sd) weight of 120 (2) g were fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin extracted from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (OY1 = 50 mg carotenoids kg–1 feed, OY2 = 100 mg carotenoids kg–1 feed), astaxanthin (AX = 100 mg astaxanthin kg–1 feed) and canthaxanthin (CX = 100 mg canthaxanthin kg–1 feed) for 4 weeks. Muscle analyses at the end of the experiment indicated a significantly higher carotenoid concentration in the AX group, while CX and OY1 groups were similar in spite of the differences in dietary concentration. The measure of total muscle colour difference (E* ab) between initial samples and 4 week ones was higher for the AX fish group but showed no significant difference between OY1, OY2, and CX. The hue and the reflectance ratio (R650:R510) of fish muscle increased in proportion to carotenoid intake. Digestibility (ADC) of yeast astaxanthin in OY1 and OY2 groups was significantly higher than that in the AX group. Canthaxanthin ADC was about one sixth of that of astaxanthin (AX group). Carotenoid retention in the muscle, expressed as a percentage of carotenoid intake, was higher for the AX group than that recorded for OY1 and OY2. According to ADC, carotenoid retention showed a marked lower value for the CX group. Muscle retentions were similar for astaxanthins from both sources.  相似文献   

20.
Eggs of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.), were exposed to malachite green (5, 10, 15 mg 1–1: 10 min), glutaraldehyde (50, 100, 150 mg 1–1: 3 min) and iodine as BuffodineTM (50, 100, 150 mg 1–1: 10 min). The efficiency of the treatments was tested by incubating eggs individually in wells of multiwell dishes with TSB agar for 14 days after exposure. In order to find any effect on viability, batches of 30 eggs from each of three females were incubated artificially in a recirculation system for 19 days and repeatedly exposed to the disinfectants. Iodine as Buffodine (150 mg 1–1) was the only treatment that resulted in a significant decrease of the bacterial growth on lobster eggs, but the treatment also resulted in inhibited hatching compared with the control group. Thus, our results indicate that treatment with 150mg–1 iodine as Buffodine could be a strategy for reducing bacterial growth on lobster eggs when massive egg mortality due to bacteria is otherwise unavoidable. The treatment could, however, lead to decreased viability of larvae due to inhibited hatching.  相似文献   

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