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1.
Cyst fluid antigens of Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena and T pisiformis were examined by electrophoresis using homologous and heterologous hyperimmune rabbit sera to these antigens. While arc 5 forming antibodies were identified in sera from rabbits immunised with E granulosus and T hydatigena cyst fluids, antibodies responsible for forming precipitating antigen B band were detected in rabbit antisera to E granulosus, T hydatigena and T pisiformis antigens. T hydatigena cyst fluid appears to contain antigen similar to E granulosus antigen 5 and probably antigen B while T pisiformis cyst fluid has mainly an antigen close to hydatid antigen B.  相似文献   

2.
Antigens in the extracellular protein (ECP) complexes of Bacteroides nodosus, isolated from sheep with either benign or virulent footrot, were studied by immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). Rabbit antisera against ECP from virulent and benign strains, were used in homologous and heterologous crossed IEP. Four precipitin peaks unique to the virulent strain, and five peaks unique to the benign strain were identified. In an attempt to characterize the different antigens in ECP, rabbit antisera were raised against an outer membrane protein (OMP, mol. wt. 35 000 daltons), pili and various proteases of virulent and benign strains of B. nodosus. No precipitin band was observed when ECP from both B. nodosus strains were reacted against anti-OMP and anti-pilus antisera. However, single precipitin bands unique to one protease from the benign strain and one protease from the virulent strain were identified. The results suggest that specific antigens other than proteases or pili are important in determining whether a B. nodosus isolate is virulent or benign.  相似文献   

3.
The diagnostic value of intradermal tests was verified on 126 bulls (out of this number 32 autopsically positive) subject to intravital diagnostics of bovine cysticercosis. As allergen were used homologous antigens from adult larvae of Taenia saginata and heterologous antigens from larvae of Taenia crassiceps, as well as hydatid fluid from Echinococcus granulosis. With the antigen T. saginata the sensitivity reached 53.1% and specificity 90.4%, with the antigen T. crassiceps 53.1% and 80.9% and with the antigen E. granulosus 16.7% and 89.5%.  相似文献   

4.
Antisera raised in rabbits against the porcine enterovirus strains V13 and T80 produced two precipitin lines in immunodiffusion tests with the homologous crude antigens, and a single precipitin line with each of ten heterologous porcine enteroviruses which were tested, and with poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus B4 and equine rhinovirus type 1, but not with a bovine rhinovirus. C and D antigens prepared from V13 virus by density gradient centrifugation produced single precipitin lines with V13 antiserum. A single precipitin line was also formed when the heated crude antigens of V13 and T80 viruses were reacted with the homologous antisera, indicating destruction of the D antigen, and these lines fused with those produced by the heterologous viruses. It was concluded that porcine enteroviruses contain C and D antigens, and that the C antigen is responsible for the serological cross-reactivity demonstrated among porcine enteroviruses and other picornaviruses by immunodiffusion.  相似文献   

5.
Nineteen antisera produced in pigs against 14 enteropathogenic and five nonenterotoxigenic porcine strains of Escherichia coli were tested for their ability to inhibit gut loop fluid accumulation induced by homologous and heterologous organisms. In addition, four antisera produced in pigs by an intensive series of intravenous inoculations and three by a less intensive series of intramuscular injections of a polyvalent E. coli vaccine were evaluated. Antisera were also produced in rabbits against eight strains of porcine enteropathogens and tested in pig gut loops. Fluid inhibiting activity was detected in prevaccinal sera of pigs but not of rabbits. This activity was significantly increased following immunization. When single strains of E. coli were used for immunization the activity of the antisera against heterologous organisms varied considerably from one test strain to another and was usually much less than that against the homologous organism. The activity against heterologous organisms could not be associated with relatedness of the O, K and H antigens of the vaccine and the test strains. Antisera produced against a vaccine made by combining three strains were shown to exert inhibitory effects on heterologous organisms similar to those against homologous organisms. Considerably less activity against homologous and heterologous organisms was present in antisera produced by the series of intramuscular compared with the series of intravenous injections.  相似文献   

6.
The serological reactivity in indirect ELISA of five different bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes (4, 10, 15, 16 & 20) was compared using polyclonal antisera raised against virus particles and an outer structural protein, VP2. Rabbit and sheep antisera against BTV-10 produced higher ELISA values with their homologous antigens than with heterologous serotypes. A hyperimmune rabbit serum specific for virus particles was able to distinguish heterologous serotypes from each other, but a sheep serum from an infected animal was not. An antiserum directed against VP2, the protein responsible for serotype specificity in neutralization tests, was not serotype-specific in ELISA and cross-reacted with other serotypes. The discriminatory ability of a BTV-4 antiserum was improved by cross-absorption with heterologous antigens. This greatly reduced the ELISA signals with heterologous serotypes and produced an antiserum that was effectively serotype-specific.  相似文献   

7.
Geographically separate United States isolates of Anaplasma marginale were differentiated, using polyclonal bovine antiserum and microfluorometry. Both isolate-common and restricted antigen-specific antibodies were apparent in sera of splenectomized calves after resolution of infection, as judged by the capability of the antisera to recognize heterologous isolate antigens to a lesser extent than homologous antigens. Furthermore, absorption of the antisera with homologous antigens removed homologous and heterologous reactions, whereas heterologous absorptions resulted in the capability to discriminate the tailed or appendage-associated isolates (Virginia and Washington) from the tail-less isolate (Florida).  相似文献   

8.
A crude antigen extract of larval Taenia solium was shown by immunodiffusion (ID) and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) to cross-react with rabbit antisera against pig serum proteins and larval T. hydatigena, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antisera against pig serum proteins, Fasciolopsis buski, larval T. hydatigena, hydatid cyst, Hymenolepis diminuta and Dipylidium caninum. Immunoblotting demonstrated that the crude antigens extract contained epitopes of pig serum proteins of 48 and 66 kDa. The crude extract also contained a subunit of antigen B (95 kDa) which was also found in T. hydatigena and H. diminuta. Immunoperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescence studies showed that cross-reacting antigens were distributed mainly on the tegument of T. solium.  相似文献   

9.
Two identical host contaminant-free lipoprotein antigens were isolated from the metacestodes of T. hydatigena and T. multiceps, of which antigen 1 was more reactive than antigen 2. These antigens appear to be identical with antigens B and A, respectively, and antigen 2 with arc 5 of Echinococcus granulosus described by other workers. Attempts to use these antigens in serodiagnosis showed that only in the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) technique was there any increased sensitivity and specificity compared with the unpurified cyst fluid antigens. No correlation was found between the size of the infecting dose, the number of cysts found at necropsy, the IHA titres, or number of precipitation lines seen in immunodiffusion tests.  相似文献   

10.
In order to monitor the progress of New Zealand's hydatids eradication campaign, a specific, serological, diagnostic test is required to identify infected sheep. An indirect haemagglutination test, using pyruvic aldehyde-stabilized sheep erythrocytes as the antigen carrier, was developed for the serodiagnosis of larval cestode infections of sheep. Using cyst fluid from Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena and T. ovis as the antigens in this test, it was shown that the larval cestode species, responsible for an infection in sheep harbouring a single specific infection, could be identified by the higher titre given with the homologous antigen, in comparison to that given with the heterologous antigens. Sera of sheep infected with two or more species were also tested by this method, and the only specific infections to be diagnosed by differential titres were those due to the presence of live E. granulosus cysts. These antigens cannot be used for the diagnosis of specific larval cestode infections in the field because of the cross-reactivity between cyst fluids. However, the test did show that infection with larval cestodes could be diagnosed on a non-specific basis.  相似文献   

11.
In order to identify those bacterial antigens which might be involved in immunity against ovine footrot, antisera were raised in sheep to 6 proteins in the outer membrane complex (OMC) of one strain of Bacteroides nodosus. Examination of the specificity of these antisera by Western blotting, crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIEP) and IEP, revealed that they recognized the homologous OMC protein, but did not precipitate either undenatured pili or OMC, nor could they agglutinate the homologous bacteria. In contrast, anti-OMC and anti-pili sera could precipitate OMC or pili respectively, and agglutinate whole bacteria. Subsequent analysis of these sera against 5 strains of B. nodosus from different serogroups revealed that Proteins 1, 3 and 4 had a similar antigenic structure in all strains examined. The reactivity of anti-pili sera was restricted to homologous bacteria whereas anti-pilin sera (raised against denatured pili) also reacted with pilin from 2 of 3 heterologous strains. However, none of the patterns of staining or absorption of any of these sera matched the spectrum of cross-protection afforded by vaccination of sheep with B. nodosus strain 198 cells. The results question the role of individual OMC proteins in cross-protective immunity and may imply that interactions between several bacterial components are involved in the phenomenon.  相似文献   

12.
Hyperimmune sera were produced by serial inoculation of rabbits with Vero cell-adapted, sucrose gradient-purified Nigerian peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) isolate. Two antisera produced, neutralized the homologous PPRV but not the heterologous rinderpest Kabette "O" virus. The antisera gave strong precipitin lines with purified PPRV antigens and were used to detect PPRV and rinderpest virus antigens from ante-mortem secretions and post-mortem tissue homogenates from PPR and rinderpest virus infected goats and cattle by the agar gel precipitation tests (AGPT). The hyperimmune sera gave good titration curves with both purified Nigerian goat and the United Arab Emirate wildlife PPRV isolates in the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results of indirect ELISA showed that although there were some cross reactions with the rinderpest, canine-distemper and measles viruses, at 1:100 dilution, the antisera would give a positive signal with only the homologous PPR virus.  相似文献   

13.
Stable mycoplasma antigens for the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) were prepared employing glutaraldehyde treated sheep erythrocytes sensitized with Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium antigens. Employing these antigens mycoplasma antibodies were detected in sera from cattle which had mastitic symptoms due to natural infection with either M. agalactiae subsp. bovis or M. bovigenitalium. A total of 200 cows from four herds were examined at varying intervals for the presence of M. agalactiae subsp. bovis and for the detection of antibody using growth inhibition and IHA tests. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 37 animals. Growth inhibiting antibody was detected from 56 of the 200 animals. In the IHA tests, antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:80 were detected in 148 animals, 76 of these having antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:160, while sera of 116 normal control animals had no growth inhibiting antibody and none had IHA antibody titers greater than 1:40. M. bovigenitalium was isolated from the milk of three of 26 animals in a fifth herd during an outbreak of mastitis. Growth inhibiting antibodies were demonstrated in the sera of ten of the 26 animals. However, the IHA test detected antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:160 in 13 animals and of 1:80 in one of the 26 animals. To determine the specificity of the IHA tests, M. agalactiae subsp. bovis and M. bovigenitalium antigens were reacted with rabbit hyperimmune typing sera produced against 12 species of bovine mycoplasmatales. Homologous antisera showed IHA antibody titers of 1:1280 and 1:2560 against M. agalactiae subsp. bovis and M. bovigenitalium respectively, whereas heterologous antisera showed IHA antibody titers of less than or equal to 1:20. Also eight type-specific bovine antisera were reacted with M agalactiae subsp. bovis and M. bovigenitalium antigens in homologous and heterologous tests. Homoogous reactions showed IHA antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:320, whereas heterologous reactions showed IHA titers of less than or equal to 1:20. This IHA test promises to be useful for the detection of bovine mycoplasma antibodies in sera from cattle infected with M. agalactiae subsp. bovis or M. bovigenitalium. Thes test is sensitive, reproducible and specific and the technique is relatively simple and rapid. The antigens were stable for at least seven months.  相似文献   

14.
Polysaccharide antigens were obtained from either the secretions produced during in vitro cultivation of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces or from mouse hydatid cyst membranes by phenol extraction. When either of these antigens was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody activities were detected in sera from sheep infected 27 or more weeks earlier with at least 100 E granulosus eggs. These antibody responses were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those of sheep infected with Taenia hydatigena or T ovis and tested with the E granulosus antigens. Very high cross-reacting antibody responses in sera from sheep recently infected with T hydatigena were only detected with the protoscoleces secretions antigen. Neither antigen was sufficiently sensitive or specific for serodiagnostic use. However, when sera were first tested with one antigen and then with the other, and only sera that were positive in both tests were regarded as positive, the overall sensitivity and specificity of this two antigen method increased to about 80 per cent.  相似文献   

15.
Serum antibody responses in sheep naturally or experimentally infected with Echinococcus granulosus and/or other larval cestodes were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with various antigens prepared from sheep hydatid cyst fluid ( SHCF ). Serum donors included: sheep experimentally infected with E. granulosus and their age-matched non-infected controls; sheep experimentally infected with other helminth parasites; sheep naturally infected with E. granulosus both from Tasmania and the Australian mainland; sheep from Tasmania naturally infected with larval cestodes other than E. granulosus; and naturally reared sheep completely free from infection with larval cestodes. Attempts were made to eliminate serological reactions which were not specific for E. granulosus by using a series of antibody affinity chromatography steps to deplete crude SHCF antigen; these included adsorption with a monoclonal antibody, 3EgH 29-2, removal of host IgG using rabbit anti-sheep IgG antibody, and removal of antigens which bound non-specifically to normal sheep immunoglobulin. The final affinity-depleted antigen product was designated AD SHCF . Specific serological reactivity in infected sheep was very low. Affinity depletion of SHCF using 3EgH 29-2 did not appear to increase the specificity of serological diagnosis of E. granulosus infection when experimentally infected sheep were compared with their non-infected controls provided the latter were age-matched with experimental animals. The other affinity adsorption steps significantly reduced non-specific background binding to antigen by normal sheep serum. Despite this reduction in background in the ELISA, only low levels of antibody could be detected in naturally-infected sheep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Rabbit antisera against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) produced by two immunization procedures were compared for neutralization and immunochemical properties against homologous and heterologous strains. The VHSV isolate used as the immunogen was a member of a serogroup not neutralized by previously available antisera. The results from this study suggested that frequent intravenous (IV) injections of rabbits with viral antigens were superior to adjuvant-mediated, combined subcutaneous and intraperitoneal (SC/IP) injections for the production of neutralizing antisera. All IV injected rabbits produced high neutralization titers against the homologous VHSV isolate but not against an isolate from a different serogroup. The SC/IP injected rabbits had no significant neutralization titers against either the homologous VHSV strain or two isolates of a heterologous VHSV strain. Sera from all injected rabbits reacted in indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assays with either strain; however, the SC/IP injected rabbits produced higher titers against the heterologous VHSV strain by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). By Western blotting, neutralizing antisera primarily stained the viral glycoprotein (G) whereas the nonneutralizing sera stained all the viral structural proteins equally well. Our results demonstrate that immunization procedures to produce antisera against VHSV in rabbits determine whether the resultant antibodies will have primarily neutralizing or binding capabilities.  相似文献   

17.
An indirect immunoperoxidase procedure was developed to detect viral antigens in bluetongue virus (BTV)-infected tissues. Embryonating chicken eggs were infected with BTV serotypes 10, 11, 13, or 17, and the chorioallantoic membranes were subsequently fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) system was used to examine the infected membranes for the presence of viral antigens. Sheep antisera raised against BTV serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 served as the primary antibodies in the PAP procedure. Specific staining was observed when each of these antisera was applied to membranes expressing antigens of homologous and heterologous BTV serotypes. The PAP method was rapid, reliable, and specific in its detection of BTV.  相似文献   

18.
Groups of dogs raised free of helminths were monospecifically infected with the common nematodes Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum and Trichuris vulpis. Serums from these dogs, and a group of dogs of unknown history but infected with Dirofilaria immitis and Dipylidium caninum, had levels of antibody to their homologous nematode antigens readily detectable by ELISA. No cross-reactions were apparent when these serums were tested by ELISA using oncosphere antigens of Taenia hydatigena, T. pisiformis and T. ovis, scolex excretory/secretory antigens of T. hydatigena, T. pisiformis and Echinococcus granulosus or protoscolex antigen of E. granulosus.  相似文献   

19.
The antigenic relationships among 50 strains of equine herpesvirus (EHV) were studied by neutralization tests using antisera prepared in rabbits against four EHV reference strains: types 2 and 3, cytomegalo-like virus 82-A, and our leukocyte isolant H-40. No distinctive antigenic differences among reference strains were demonstrated in reciprocal neutralization tests but each antiserum neutralized its homologous virus more rapidly than any heterologous strain. Forty-six EHV strains isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of apparently healthy horses were antigenically indistinguishable from each other and from the four reference strains. Their high degree of antigenic relatedness suggests that these viruses are isolants of a single, widely distributed serotype of which type 2 (LK) strain is a typical representative.  相似文献   

20.
Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae as antigen, the cross-reactivity of antigens between this species and 22 other mycoplasma species was examined using reference polyclonal antisera. Significant cross-reactivity with M. ovipneumoniae was demonstrated by five species, only, viz. M. bovoculi, M. dispar, M. flocculare, M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis. Using one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting techniques with homologous and heterologous antisera, cross-reacting antigens of M. dispar, M. flocculare, M. hyopneumoniae and M. ovipneumoniae were further investigated. Cross-reacting antigens with apparent molecular weights of 64, 44 and 32 kDa were common to all and a 184 kDa cross-reacting antigen occurred in all except M. ovipneumoniae. Further cross-reacting antigens (one-way and two-way) between two of the four species are reported. Four monoclonal antibodies against different antigens of M. ovipneumoniae did not recognise any antigen in the other three species examined.  相似文献   

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