共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
新疆野苹果多酚物质的遗传多样性 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
以新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)30个单株的成熟果实为试材,对果实多酚物质的组成、含量及遗传多样性进行了研究,结果表明：新疆野苹果30个单株多酚物质含量存在广泛的遗传变异,变异系数均在36.12%以上,遗传多样性极为丰富;鉴定出原花青素、没食子酸、绿原酸、对羟基苯甲酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、香草醛、阿魏酸、苯甲酸、根皮苷、槲皮素、肉桂酸、根皮素等13种多酚物质,其中原花青素、表儿茶素、根皮苷和绿原酸是野苹果的主要多酚组分,总酚及主要多酚物质含量显著高于栽培苹果(Malus domestica)品种红星。 相似文献
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3.
苹果多酚提取物抗氧化活性的体外试验 总被引：37，自引：2，他引：37
从还原能力、抗脂质过氧化和对不同体系产生的活性氧自由基清除效果等方面对苹果多酚提取物的抗氧化 活性进行了试验研究和评价。结果表明苹果多酚提取物具有较强的还原能力,对脂质过氧化、Fenton反应产生的羟 自由基和光照核黄素及邻苯三酚自氧化产生的超氧阴离子自由基均具有很强的抑制作用或清除作用,且在试验浓 度范围内其最大抑制率或清除率分别可达到94.4％、96.64％、95.19％和90.48％,优于同浓度维生素C的效果或基本 相当。这表明该苹果多酚提取物是一种优良的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂。 相似文献
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为分析不同李品种果实中多酚含量及其抗氧化能力,以14个李品种为试材,测定果皮和果肉中的多酚含量,采用超氧自由基(O_2~-)清除法、羟自由基(OH·)清除法、DPPH法、FRAP法和TBARS法测定抗氧化能力,比较多酚含量、抗氧化能力的差异,分析多酚含量与抗氧化能力的相关性,比较抗氧化能力测定方法间的相关性。结果表明:(1)李果实中富含多酚并且品种间存在差异,不同品种果皮中含量为1.40~3.37 mg·g~(-1) FW,果肉中含量为0.50~0.97 mg·g~(-1) FW,果皮中含量远大于果肉中含量;果皮中多酚含量较高的李品种为皇后李、猪肝李,其次为黑宝石李、红玫瑰李;果肉中多酚含量最高的为秋姬李,其次为威克逊李。(2)李果皮、果肉多酚提取物均具有较强的抗氧化能力,果皮提取物综合抗氧化能力较强的为皇后李、黑宝石李和猪肝李,果肉的为红美丽李、红玫瑰李和秋姬李。(3)果皮中多酚含量与清除O_2~-、OH·能力及DPPH、FRAP、TBARS均呈极显著正相关,果肉中多酚含量与抗氧化能力呈显著正相关。(4)对5种方法的相关性分析表明,各方法从不同的角度评价李果多酚抗氧化能力,方法间均具有很好的相关性,DPPH法与FRAP法综合评价最佳,可作为主要选择。 相似文献
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5个葡萄品种果实生物活性物质的检测与抗氧化活性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用高效液相色谱——二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD),以柠檬酸-乙酸铵缓冲液和甲醇为流动相,利用梯度洗脱,分析了玫瑰红、巨峰、藤稔、奶油和马奶子5个葡萄品种果皮、果肉和种子中没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、芍药素、白藜芦醇、鞣花酸和山奈酚的含量。结果表明,玫瑰红葡萄果皮、果肉和种子中7种生物活性物质组分的含量均高于其它品种,而奶油和马奶子果实中7种生物活性物质组分的含量较低或未检出。利用改进的过氧化自由基清除能力(PSC)法评价了5个葡萄品种的果实不同部位提取物抗氧化活性,发现所有品种果皮提取物抗氧化活性均高于果肉和种子,其中玫瑰红果皮抗氧化活性为311.5mmol/kg,奶油和马奶子果肉提取物抗氧化活性分别为28.0和17.5mmol/kg。分析表明,葡萄果实3个部位抗氧化活性与7种生物活性物质组分的总量呈显著正相关关系(r=0.949)。红皮葡萄果实生物活性物质水平和抗氧化活性均高于白皮葡萄。 相似文献
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苹果果实酚类物质含量与果实苦涩关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以富士苹果为试材, 利用高效液相色谱(HPLC) 研究了果实酚类物质含量与果实苦涩的关系以及酚类物质在果实中的分布。结果表明, 苦涩的幼果中, 根皮素和儿茶素含量均高达成熟果实的30多倍; 表儿茶素、原花青素和绿原酸含量分别为成熟果实的10倍左右。在成熟果实中, 有涩味的果实其绿原酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素和原花青素含量显著高于风味正常的果实; 有苦味的果实其根皮素和原花青素含量显著高于风味正常的果实; 苦涩味均较强的果实其绿原酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、根皮素和原花青素含量最高。苦痘病果病变组织中根皮素和原花青素含量分别是正常组织的15倍和3倍。绿原酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素和原花青素是引起苹果果实涩感的主要物质; 根皮素、儿茶素和原花青素是引起苦味的主要物质。成熟果实中绿原酸主要分布于种子、果心和果肉; 儿茶素、表儿茶素和槲皮素主要分布于果皮; 原花青素主要分布于果皮中, 果肉和果心中也有分布; 根皮素则主要分布于种子、果皮和果心中。 相似文献
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以海南“妃子笑”荔枝为试材,采用原花青素、p-香豆酸、茶多酚、苹果多酚和绿原酸等5种多酚类物质溶液浸泡荔枝果实,探究不同多酚处理对采后贮藏荔枝果肉总酚、总黄酮、维生素C等抗氧化物质含量以及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,与对照(清水)相比,不同多酚处理均可有效维持荔枝果肉较高的总酚、总黄酮和维生素C含量以及抗氧化活性。其中,原花青素处理的效果显著优于其他多酚处理。相关性、主成分分析及抗氧化活性评分发现,不同多酚处理均可有效维持荔枝果肉较高的抗氧化能力,保持效果从高到低依次为原花青素、绿原酸、苹果多酚、茶多酚和p-香豆酸处理,且均明显优于对照(清水)。 相似文献
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笔者用高效液相色谱法测定三个苹果品种(金冠、恩皮尔、罗岛青皮)成熟和冷藏期间果皮及果肉内的酚类化合物。发现三个品种苹果主要酚类化合物是表儿茶素(epicatechin)和原花青素B_2(Procyanidin B_2)。苹果果肉中具体酚类化合物含量在发育初期明显降低,而后在成熟和冷藏期间保持相对稳定。果肉和果皮的多酚化合物含量直接相关。果实在整个发育成熟期间褐变倾向减小。 相似文献
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以云南富民杨梅为原料,提取其中的多酚类活性物质进行总酚含量测定,并进一步研究其抗氧化、抑制亚硝胺能力。试验结果表明:杨梅总酚含量140.43mg/100g样品。DPPH自由基法显示,杨梅多酚提取物具有一定的清除DPPH自由基能力,其清除能力与多酚提取物浓度之间存在明显的剂量效应关系,随着杨梅多酚提取物浓度的增大,其清除二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)的能力增强。在与2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)的抗氧化性比较中,杨梅多酚提取物的抗氧化性明显要高于合成的抗氧化剂BHT,当杨梅多酚提取物的浓度0.20mg/ml时,清除羟自由基的清除率为91.60%,同等条件下,杨梅多酚提取物清除羟自由基的清除率是常用抗氧化剂BHT的1.52倍。杨梅中多酚类物质具有良好的阻断亚硝胺合成能力,有一定的清除亚硝胺能力,当杨梅多酚提取物含量为0.60mg/ml时,清除率最高。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2017,(5)
【目的】分析野生樱桃李资源果实多酚的多样性,以便为其利用和新品种培育提供基本材料。【方法】对收集、保存于辽宁兴城的野生樱桃李(Prunus cerasifera)103份高接株系中筛选出的13份优异资源和‘晚熟红李’(Prunus salicina)成熟果实酚类物质进行分析。【结果】13份野生樱桃李资源多酚质量分数变异幅度为2 597.63~5 802.33 mg·kg~(-1),变异系数为19.51%;绿原酸、原花青素B_1、儿茶素、原花青素B_2、表儿茶素、原花青素C、芦丁、槲皮素-半乳糖、槲皮素-葡萄糖、槲皮素-木糖醇、槲皮素-吡喃阿拉伯糖等组分含量变异系数为30.56%~108.01%,体现出野生樱桃李丰富的多酚含量多样性;野生樱桃李资源与‘晚熟红李’主要多酚组分不同,存在丰富的多酚组成多样性。【结论】13份野生樱桃李资源在多酚组成和含量上存在丰富的多样性。野生樱桃李5、野生樱桃李7、野生樱桃9、野生樱桃李10、野生樱桃12等5个株系是原花青素B_1、儿茶素、绿原酸、原花青素B_2、表儿茶素和原花青素C的良好来源,进一步挖掘利用的潜力很大。 相似文献
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The total phenolics content, browning susceptibility, antioxidant capacity, and other physicochemical attributes of five cultivars of apple with different chilling hours requirements were studied to be minimally processed. Granny Smith (GS) and Red Delicious (RD) cultivars (high chill requirement), and Caricia (C), Eva (E), and Princesa (P) cultivars (low chill requirement) were studied. The flesh color, firmness, juiciness, pH, acidity, soluble solids, and flesh browning development, and total phenolics content and antioxidant capacity in flesh and peel were determined. All attributes were significantly different (p ≤ 0.001) among cultivars. RD showed the highest values of soluble solids and pH, and GS, the lowest. GS and P had the highest values of firmness and juiciness. GS, P, and E showed the lowest browning development. RD had the highest phenol content in flesh, followed by E and C. Phenolic content in peel was 2–5 times higher than in flesh for all varieties. The antioxidant capacity of RD flesh was higher than the other four apple cultivars. The antioxidant capacity of the apple peel was 2–4 times higher than the flesh, being RD the highest, followed by C, GS, and P with 50% less. Considering the lower browning development, and higher values of firmness and juiciness, GS and P would be the most suitable cultivars for minimal processing. If fresh-cut apples are not peeled, GS and P would increase their phenolic content in 28–56% and their antioxidant capacity in 65–78%. 相似文献
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Yuri José A. Neira Amalia Fuentes Mauricio Sáez Bárbara Razmilic Iván 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2022,64(2):201-209
Total and specific phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were quantified over two seasons in flowers, leaves, fruitlets, and ripe fruit at harvest of the apple cultivars ‘Brookfield’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Fuji’, as well the crabapple cultivars ‘Hillary’ and ‘Manchurian’. The results showed that leaves had the highest phenol concentrations and antioxidant capacity. Phenolic and antioxidant content was progressively lower from flowers, fruitlets, and ripe harvested fruit. There were high concentrations of phloridzin in flowers and leaves, while concentrations were lower in fruitlets, peel, and entire fruit at harvest. The phenolic compound with the highest concentration in peel was quercetin glycoside, while in the entire fruit it was flavanols. The studied crabapple cultivars did not present differences between them in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity.
相似文献13.
The quali-quantitative distribution of phenolic compounds varies considerably between apple flesh and peel, but the concentration of phenolics is substantially higher in the peel than flesh. Because the peel comprises only a small percentage of the entire fruit weight, its significance as a donor of phenolics is disputable. We assessed the contribution of the peel to the total phenolic yield of 19 apple cultivars. Calculations were based on the weight of the whole fruit and the peel (which is frequently discarded) and the concentration of individual phenolic compounds. On average, 8, 24, 32, 50 and 66% of chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, phloridzin, and rutin, respectively, were present in the peel, which constitutes about 6–8% of the whole apple weight. With the exception of chlorogenic acid, 50% or more, on average, of the above phenolics were present in the peel of ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Idared’, ‘Red Rome’, ‘Jonamac’ and ‘Gloster’ apples; the highest percentage was found in ‘Starking Delicious’ apple peel (82%). The lowest peel contribution to total phenolic content per whole apple ranged between 26 and 29% and was observed in ‘Pilot’, ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Prima’ apples. Presented results may be useful for further investigations of the relationship between phenolics and agronomical parameters or future selection of apple genotypes having improved nutritional quality when consumed as fresh or as processed apple products. 相似文献
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在人工气候室条件下,采用溶液培养法研究了缺锌胁迫对平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）和小金海棠（M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang）两种苹果砧木幼苗SOD、POD和CAT的活性,膜质过氧化水平及内源激素IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA含量的影响。结果表明,缺锌胁迫下,两品种叶片和根系中SOD活性显著下降,POD和CAT活性、MDA含量不同程度增加,但小金海棠SOD活性下降幅度较平邑甜茶小,POD和CAT活性增加比例大,且MDA积累量低。缺锌使两种砧木幼苗不同器官中IAA、GA3含量显著降低,ZR、ABA含量增加;小金海棠缺锌植株IAA、GA3、ZR含量较平邑甜茶高,ABA含量低。平邑甜茶缺锌植株膜质过氧化水平高,对缺锌胁迫较敏感,小金海棠在缺锌胁迫下抗氧化能力强,促进生长的激素含量高,对缺锌胁迫有较强的抵御和耐受能力;平邑甜茶缺锌植株膜质过氧化水平高,对缺锌胁迫较敏感。 相似文献
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Antioxidant capacity, antioxidant compounds and antioxidant enzyme activities in dates of five cultivars during development and ripening were studied in the 2009 and 2010 seasons. Fruit growth followed a smooth sigmoid curve with maximum weight at the bisir stage. Both the antioxidant capacity measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the antioxidant compound (phenols, tannins and vitamin C) concentrations decreased from young stages through to the maturation and the ripening stages. The antioxidant capacity was highly positively correlated with the concentration of antioxidant compounds in most cultivars. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) increased from the hababouk through to the kimri and/or the bisir stage, upon cultivar, and thereafter, declined at the ripening stages. The possible relation of these biochemical changes with fruit maturation and ripening was discussed. 相似文献
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采用TP-M13-SSR 荧光标记方法,构建19 个适宜加工脆片和25 个适宜制汁的苹果品种在
11 个SSR 位点的指纹图谱,并通过聚类分析研究其遗传关系。仅利用两对引物CH04h02 和CH05d04 即
可区分44 个供试品种,各品种的TP-M13-SSR 指纹图谱互不相同。构建的适宜加工苹果品种的SSR 指纹
图谱可以作为品种特异指纹图谱为品种鉴别提供重要依据。44 个苹果品种的相似系数在0.7259 ~ 0.9704
之间,在相似系数0.798 处划分供试品种,除瑞光、马空、红月、蜜脆、珍宝、赤阳和短枝金冠,其余适
宜制汁的品种均聚到了一起,而适宜加工脆片的品种聚类比较分散。适宜加工苹果品种遗传基础广泛,
适宜加工特性与亲本相关。在制订和完善制汁用和加工脆片用苹果品质评价体系时,需要兼顾遗传关系
与加工特性的相关性。金冠、红玉、国光、富士和元帅等为较好的加工苹果品种的育种亲本,应加强育
种利用。 相似文献
17.
轮纹病菌对不同抗性苹果品种防御酶的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
实验研究了3个苹果品种被轮纹病菌(Botryosphaeriaberengrianaf.piricola)侵染后苹果枝干轮纹病防御酶系的变化。结果表明,在受病菌侵染后,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)均表现为先升后降的趋势,且抗病品种的峰值出现较晚。抗病品种鸡冠的PAL、SOD和POD活性变化峰值和均值要高于国光和富士,而PPO活性变化的峰值和均值则低于国光和富士。 相似文献
18.
砂梨果肉褐变与酚类物质及相关酶活性的相关分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】为了探明砂梨褐变的内在机制,为砂梨贮藏与加工过程中品种选择和褐变控制提供理论依据,【方法】以11个砂梨品种的成熟果实为试材,测定总酚与酚类物质组成及含量、GSH含量、PPO、SOD、CAT、PAL、POD酶活性等相关指标。【结果】结果表明,不同品种酶促褐变程度有很大差别,‘新兴’和‘早生黄金’褐变较重,而‘秋黄’和‘丰水’较轻。绿原酸、儿茶素、芦丁和没食子酸是梨果肉中含量较高的酚类物质。总酚含量与果实褐变度相关性最高,绿原酸次之,儿茶素最低。【结论】梨果肉褐变相关酶活性与酚类物质组分及含量对其酶促褐变的影响程度因品种不同而存在差异。梨果肉酶促褐变与总酚和绿原酸含量的相关度高于与酶类的相关度。 相似文献
19.
It is expected that crop cultivars with a higher antioxidant ability have better stress resistance, nutritional quality and storage characteristics. In this study the antioxidant metabolism in apple peel, as a primary target of unfavorable environmental factors during common cold (CCS) or controlled atmosphere (CA) storage in cultivars varying in their storage potential was monitored over two seasons. In general, the examined cultivars kept their antioxidant status, but it was difficult to definitively link its value with the extent of apple storage length ability. ‘Jonagold’, which expressed the highest storability, had the poorest antioxidant characteristics, but with a quite good stability level specified, especially in relation to enzyme activity. Since storage characteristics might be probably more attached to antioxidant status after harvest, followed by supporting high redox state enzymes and antioxidant precursors finally keeping relative stability of bioactives through storage, than by their global pool. Differences between storage types in preserving antioxidant status were more distinct after longer time of storage. The first storage period (45 days) resulted in an increase of the antioxidant pool. The increase of ascorbate, thiols and phenolic compounds was more pronounced in the CA conditions. After the second storage period (90 days) the antioxidant status was kept more efficiently in CA as compared to CCS. Glutathione maintained its reduced form and redox state at a higher level than ascorbate. 相似文献