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1.
Field observations on northeast Ellesmere Island indicate that the maximum advance of the northwest Greenland Ice Sheet was about 100 kilometers beyond its present margin. This occurred before the outermost Ellesmere Island ice advance, which took place more than 30,000 years before present (B.P.). Recession from the Ellesmere Island ice margin began at least 28,000 to 30,000 and possibly more than 35,000 years B.P. During this sequence of glacial events, significant land areas remained free of ice. The late Wisconsin ice extent along both northeast Ellesmere Island and northwest Greenland was extremely limited, leaving an ice-free corridor along Kennedy and Robeson channels. Recession from these ice margins is indicated by initial postglacial emergence around 8100 to 8400 years B.P. The relatively minor extent of late Wisconsin ice in the High Arctic probably reflects a period of extreme aridity occasioned by the buildup of the Laurentide Ice Sheet to the south. 相似文献
2.
Ruddiman WF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1977,196(4295):1208-1211
During the last interglacial-to-glacial climatic cycle [127,000 to 10,000 years before the present (B.P.)], the fundamental geographic shift in the main axis of ice-rafting deposition occurred at 75,000 years B.P. An earlier meridional depositional maximum along the Greenland-Newfoundland coasts was superseded by a nearly zonal and much stronger axis some 1500 kilometers to the south along 40 degrees N to 50 degrees N. Both depositional patterns are best explained by cyclonic flow in the subpolor gyre, with the depositional shift related to the retreat of warm, ice-melting North Atlantic drift water from the northwestern half of the gyre. Similar shifts must have characterized preceding interglacial-glacial cycles. 相似文献
3.
Baker PA Seltzer GO Fritz SC Dunbar RB Grove MJ Tapia PM Cross SL Rowe HD Broda JP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5504):640-643
Long sediment cores recovered from the deep portions of Lake Titicaca are used to reconstruct the precipitation history of tropical South America for the past 25,000 years. Lake Titicaca was a deep, fresh, and continuously overflowing lake during the last glacial stage, from before 25,000 to 15,000 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.), signifying that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru and much of the Amazon basin were wetter than today. The LGM in this part of the Andes is dated at 21,000 cal yr B.P., approximately coincident with the global LGM. Maximum aridity and lowest lake level occurred in the early and middle Holocene (8000 to 5500 cal yr B.P.) during a time of low summer insolation. Today, rising levels of Lake Titicaca and wet conditions in Amazonia are correlated with anomalously cold sea-surface temperatures in the northern equatorial Atlantic. Likewise, during the deglacial and Holocene periods, there were several millennial-scale wet phases on the Altiplano and in Amazonia that coincided with anomalously cold periods in the equatorial and high-latitude North Atlantic, such as the Younger Dryas. 相似文献
4.
研究了云杉(Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis)林土壤持水特性,结合团聚体和有机质两个因子进行分析。结果表明,云杉林表层土壤团聚体以5.00 mm的大颗粒为主,25年生云杉土壤5.00 mm的颗粒占48.4%,B层占42.2%。2.00~5.00 mm颗粒数量A层(21.1%)B层(18.9%)。40年生云杉林团聚体特点与25年生具有相同的规律特征。比较两个林龄A、B层团聚体特征,发现随着林龄增长,A、B层土壤团聚体,大颗粒含量有减少的趋势,但变化不太明显。25年和40年生林龄云杉林,土壤A、B层最大持水量A层高于B层(75.60%40.43%;100.20%61.30%),从林龄大小看,A、B层土壤最大持水量40年生均优于25年生云杉林。田间持水量也有上述规律出现。土壤有机质含量A层B层。随着林龄增长,各层土壤有机质含量也呈现增加的趋势,土壤持水能力也表现出同样的变化规律。 相似文献
5.
A hydrogen isotope time series obtained from an analysis of organic matter extracted from a lake core in Kalamazoo, southwestern Michigan, reveals four distinct isotope stages within the last 12,000 years that can be interpreted in terms of oscillations between cold and warm, dry climates. The most dramatic are a cold phase between 12,000 and 9000 years before present (B.P.), a warm, dry period between 8500 and 2000 years B.P., a cold period between 2000 and 1000 years B.P., and a warming trend since 1000 years B.P. The warming trend of the last 1000 years is comparable in magnitude to the mid-Holocene warm phase. 相似文献
6.
Bradbury JP Leyden B Salgado-Labouriau M Lewis WM Schubert C Binford MW Frey DG Whitehead DR Weibezahn FH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,214(4527):1299-1305
Chemical, paleontological, and mineralogical analyses of a 7.5-meter core from the middle of Lake Valencia, Venezuela, have provided information on the paleoclimatic history of this low-elevation, low-latitude site for the last 13,000 years. The data show that dry climates existed in this region from 13,000 years before present (B.P.) until about 10,000 years B.P. The Lake Valencia Basin was occupied by intermittent saline marshes at that time. About 10,000 years B.P., a permanent lake of fluctuating salinity formed and arboreal plant communities replaced the earlier dominant xeric herbaceous vegetation and marsh plants. By 8500 years B.P., Lake Valencia reached moderate to low salinities and discharged water; the modern vegetation became established at that time. After 8500 years B.P., the lake twice ceased discharging as a result of reduced watershed moisture. The second of these drying episodes is still in progress and has been aggravated by human activities in the watershed. 相似文献
7.
A 5000-year regional paleoflood chronology, based on flood deposits from 19 rivers in Arizona and Utah, reveals that the largest floods in the region cluster into distinct time intervals that coincide with periods of cool, moist climate and frequent El Ni?o events. The floods were most numerous from 4800 to 3600 years before present (B.P.), around 1000 years B.P., and after 500 years B.P., but decreased markedly from 3600 to 2200 and 800 to 600 years B.P. Analogous modern floods are associated with a specific set of anomalous atmospheric circulation conditions that were probably more prevalent during past flood epochs. 相似文献
8.
Accelerator mass spectrometer dating of an assemblage of fibrous and leather footwear from Arnold Research Cave in central Missouri documents a long sequence of shoe construction by prehistoric Midwestern peoples, beginning perhaps as early as 8300 calendar years before the present (cal years B.P.). An earlier fibrous sandal form dates from 8325 to 7675 cal years B.P., and later fibrous or leather slip-ons span the period from 5575 to 1070 cal years B.P. The assemblage adds to a growing picture of the highly varied nature of prehistoric footwear production in the United States throughout the Holocene. 相似文献
9.
A pelecypod from the Salina beds of northern Peru at elevation 4.5 m ( 15 ft) shows a date of about 3000 years B. P., while a gastropod from elevation 22.5 m (75 ft) was older than 30,000 years B. P. A pelecypod from the island of Tierrabomba, near Cartagena, Colombia, at elevation 2.7 m ( 9 ft) gave a date of about 2850 years, while a pelecypod from Comodoro Rividavia, Argentina, at elevation 9 m ( 30 ft) gave a date of 5350 years B. P. 相似文献
10.
Sixteen radiocarbon dates extending back to 70,000 years provide a chronology for the continuous continental pollen record of Grande Pile. This record reflects climatic changes over the last 140,000 years in northeastern France. The cold period initiating the Middle Weichselian, dated previously at 55,000 years, is dated at 70,000 years before the present (B.P.) at Grande Pile. This event is marked by the disappearance of deciduous forests at this site. The Early Weichselian is placed before 70,000 years B.P. A correlation with the oxygen isotope stages from oceanic records is demonstrated until 70,000 years B.P. and attempted beyond. 相似文献
11.
The climatic and environmental changes associated with the last glaciation (90,000 to 10,000 years before the present; 90 to 10 ka B.P.) are an important example of the effects of global climate change on biological diversity. These effects were particularly marked in Beringia (northeastern Siberia, northwestern North America, and the exposed Bering Strait) during the late Pleistocene. To investigate the evolutionary impact of these events, we studied genetic change in the brown bear, Ursus arctos, in eastern Beringia over the past 60,000 years using DNA preserved in permafrost remains. A marked degree of genetic structure is observed in populations throughout this period despite local extinctions, reinvasions, and potential interspecies competition with the short-faced bear, Arctodus simus. The major phylogeographic changes occurred 35 to 21 ka B.P., before the glacial maximum, and little change is observed after this time. Late Pleistocene histories of mammalian taxa may be more complex than those that might be inferred from the fossil record or contemporary DNA sequences alone. 相似文献
12.
Pope KO Pohl ME Jones JG Lentz DL von Nagy C Vega FJ Quitmyer IR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5520):1370-1373
Archaeological research in the Gulf Coast of Tabasco reveals the earliest record of maize cultivation in Mexico. The first farmers settled along beach ridges and lagoons of the Grijalva River delta. Pollen from cultivated Zea appears with evidence of forest clearing about 5100 calendar years B.C. (yr B.C.) [6200 (14)C years before the present (yr B.P.)]. Large Zea sp. pollen, typical of domesticated maize (Zea mays), appears about 5000 calendar yr B.C. (6000 yr B.P.). A Manihot sp. pollen grain dated to 4600 calendar yr B.C. (5800 yr B.P.) may be from domesticated manioc. About 2500 calendar yr B.C. (4000 yr B.P.), domesticated sunflower seeds and cotton pollen appear as farming expanded. 相似文献
13.
针对我省油菜单产低的状况，在我省二种主要稻田土壤上进行了氮、磷、钾、硫、硼肥配施对油菜增产效应及植株内养分分布状况的研究。结果表明：（１）稻田种植油菜，由于水改旱的变化，使土壤有效态磷、硼含量降低，导致土壤严重缺磷、硼，这是致使稻田种油菜低产的主要原因。（２）油菜吸氮、磷、钾养分主要在盛花期以前，分别占总吸收量的９２％、７９％、８９％左右；而硼、硫在盛花期后吸收量分别占总吸收量的５０％、３６％左右。说明氮、磷、钾肥应早施，着重为基肥和越冬肥．而硼肥应以基施为主，部分追喷施为好。 相似文献
14.
Interference by tribothermoluminescence and by regeneration thermoluminescence can be eliminated for burned flint if thin polished slices are used instead of the powders conventionally used in thermoluminescent measurements. Measurement of the internal and external radiation dose rates then makes possible the absolute determination of the date of pyrolization of small fragments of chert or chalcedony to an accuracy of about 10 to 15 percent. The method may be usable to ages in the range from 200,000 to 300,000 years before the present (B.P.). For samples from the archeological site at Carigüela in southern Spain dates from 12,000 to 50,000 years B.P. have been determined, covering deposits ranging from Late Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic to Mousterian. One Bronze Age specimen gave an age of 4,300 years B.P., in excellent agreement with the age determined by other methods. 相似文献
15.
通过毒力测定和田间调查,测定了甘蓝、小白菜上的小菜蛾幼虫对敌敌畏、高效氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素的药剂敏感性,以及阿维菌素作用下的不同蔬菜品种上的小菜蛾幼虫的种群动态。结果表明,不同年份、不同蔬菜品种上的小菜蛾对不同杀虫剂的药剂敏感性存在差异。2003年敌敌畏对甘蓝上小菜蛾LC50与2004年的之间没有差异,但2005年的LC50明显高于2003年,但在各调查的年份,小白菜上的小菜蛾对敌敌畏的药剂敏感性没有差异,从蔬菜品种来看,只有在2005年,敌敌畏对甘蓝上小菜蛾的LC50大于小白菜;在各个调查年份,高效氯氰菊酯对甘蓝上小菜蛾的药剂敏感性没有差异,只有2005年高效氯氰菊酯对小白菜上小菜蛾的LC50明显高于2003年,高效氯氰菊酯对甘蓝上小菜蛾的LC50与小白菜上的没有差异;2003年阿维菌素对甘蓝和小白菜上的小菜蛾LC50与2004年之间没有差异,但2005年的LC50明显高于2003年;在调查的各个年份,阿维菌素对甘蓝上小菜蛾的LC50与小白菜上的没有差异。施用阿维菌素对小菜蛾田间种群有明显抑制作用。施用1次阿维菌素的菜田中,虫量回升缓慢,最高值虫量仅约为对照菜田最高峰时的一半;施用阿维菌素2次的菜田中,虫量相对较低,仅在第2次药前有一个小高峰;在甘蓝和小白菜菜田中,小菜蛾幼虫种群数量动态基本一致,但甘蓝菜田的小菜蛾数量明显高于小白菜菜田。 相似文献
16.
Two marine sediment cores from a basin on the southeastern Labrador Shelf penetrate a mud sequence extending back to 21,000 carbon-14 years before the present (B.P.). The benthic foraminifera are dominated by subartic nearshore species indicative of ice-free summer waters. The pollen record indicates the presence of a sedge-shrub tundra in eastern Labrador as early as 21,000 years B.P. Both sources of evidence suggest less extensive continental ice than has previously been reported for this subarctic region. 相似文献
17.
A detailed record of sea surface temperature from sediments of the Cape Basin in the subtropical South Atlantic indicates a previously undocumented progression of marine climate change between 41 and 18 thousand years before the present (ky B.P.), during the last glacial period. Whereas marine records typically indicate a long-term cooling into the Last Glacial Maximum (around 21 ky B.P.) consistent with gradually increasing global ice volume, the Cape Basin record documents an interval of substantial temperate ocean warming from 41 to 25 ky B.P. The pattern is similar to that expected in response to changes in insolation owing to variations in Earth's tilt. 相似文献
18.
Fleitmann D Burns SJ Mudelsee M Neff U Kramers J Mangini A Matter A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5626):1737-1739
A high-resolution oxygen-isotope record from a thorium-uranium-dated stalagmite from southern Oman reflects variations in the amount of monsoon precipitation for the periods from 10.3 to 2.7 and 1.4 to 0.4 thousand years before the present (ky B.P.). Between 10.3 and 8 ky B.P., decadal to centennial variations in monsoon precipitation are in phase with temperature fluctuations recorded in Greenland ice cores, indicating that early Holocene monsoon intensity is largely controlled by glacial boundary conditions. After approximately 8 ky B.P., monsoon precipitation decreases gradually in response to changing Northern Hemisphere summer solar insolation, with decadal to multidecadal variations in monsoon precipitation being linked to solar activity. 相似文献
19.
Gilbert MT Jenkins DL Götherstrom A Naveran N Sanchez JJ Hofreiter M Thomsen PF Binladen J Higham TF Yohe RM Parr R Cummings LS Willerslev E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5877):786-789
The timing of the first human migration into the Americas and its relation to the appearance of the Clovis technological complex in North America at about 11,000 to 10,800 radiocarbon years before the present (14C years B.P.) remains contentious. We establish that humans were present at Paisley 5 Mile Point Caves, in south-central Oregon, by 12,300 14C years B.P., through the recovery of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from coprolites, directly dated by accelerator mass spectrometry. The mtDNA corresponds to Native American founding haplogroups A2 and B2. The dates of the coprolites are >1000 14C years earlier than currently accepted dates for the Clovis complex. 相似文献
20.
Evidence from the Irish Sea basin supports the existence of an abrupt rise in sea level (meltwater pulse) at 19,000 years before the present (B.P.). Climate records indicate a large reduction in the strength of North Atlantic Deep Water formation and attendant cooling of the North Atlantic at this time, indicating a source of the meltwater pulse from one or more Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Warming of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the Southern Hemisphere also began at 19,000 years B.P. These responses identify mechanisms responsible for the propagation of deglacial climate signals to the Southern Hemisphere and tropics while maintaining a cold climate in the Northern Hemisphere. 相似文献