共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
利用15N标记研究铵态氮与硝态氮对大豆的营养作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以东农47为材料,采用15N示踪技术,利用组培的方式进行了铵态氮与硝态氮营养作用研究.结果表明,在无菌条件下,以NH4+-N为唯一氮源大豆表现出了铵盐毒害;以NO3--N和混合态氮作为氮源时,大豆可以正常生长.以混合态氮为氮源植株总生物量最大,以NO3--N为氮源次之,以NH4+-N为氮源的处理生物量最小,不同形态氮之间生物量差异达到显著水平.随氮素水平增加,外源氮在植株中比例增加,当培养基中NH4+-N与NO3--N比例为1∶1时,大豆吸收NH4+-N与NO3--N比例为1.5∶1,叶片、茎、根NH4+-N与NO3--N吸收比例分别为1.6∶1、1.4∶1和1.6∶1,说明硝态氮的存在能够解除铵盐毒害并促进大豆对氮素的吸收利用. 相似文献
2.
3.
不同氮源条件下橡胶树小苗NH4+和NO3-的吸收特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用改进常规耗竭法,研究(NH)SO4,KNO3,NH4NO3三种氮源条件下橡胶树小苗对N4+和NO3-的吸收特性.结果表明:不论是单一氨源(NH4+-N或NO3--N)还是NH4+-N和NO3--N的混合氮源,橡胶树小苗对NH4+的吸收量均大于NO3-的吸收量,其差异在浓度大于0.5 mmol/L的混合氮源下达显著水平.混合氮源条件下,不论是NH4+还是NO3-的吸收量,均比单一氮源条件下的大,且其差异分别在浓度小于1.25 mnlol,L(NH4-)和0.25 mmol/L(NO3-)时达显著水平.吸收动力学特征表现为,单一氮源条件下,橡胶树小苗对NH4+的最大吸收速率和离子亲和力大于NO3-,表明小苗更喜好NH4+-N.而在NH4+-和NO3-N的混合氮源条件下,橡胶树小苗吸收NH4+的Vma值和离子亲和力都较单一氮源时高;吸收NO3-的Vma和KmI值都有所下降,但Km值的下降幅度比Vma值的大,说明混合氮源条件能同时促进橡胶树小苗对NH4+和NO3-的吸收.与单一NH4++N营养相比,橡胶树小苗可能更喜好NH4+-N和NO3--N混合营养.用LB法和H法2种方法处理数据,橡胶树小苗吸收NH4+和NO3-的动力学特性基本相同,不同之处仅在于H法所得的参数值Vma和Km普遍略大于LB法的. 相似文献
4.
不同氮源对大豆硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性及蛋白质含量的影响 总被引：26，自引：4，他引：26
利用硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4 -N)及混合态氮对4个栽培大豆品种结荚期植株进行诱导处理,研究不同氮源对叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性以及子粒蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,NO3--N增加4个品种NR活性效果最好,其次是混合态氮,而NH4 -N的效果较差.从4个品种叶片的GS活性看,混合态氮和NH4 -N的处理效果好,而NO3--N的效果差;三种氮源处理4个基因型的子粒蛋白质含量都有不同程度的增加,增加的顺序与提高NR活性的顺序相同.说明施用三种氮肥能增加大豆品种子粒的蛋白质含量,而以施用硝酸钾的效果最佳.相关分析表明,大豆叶片NR活性与子粒蛋白质含量之间呈极显著正相关(r=0.663**),可以把结荚期叶片的硝酸还原酶活性作为选择高蛋白大豆材料的参考指标之一. 相似文献
5.
在施氮总量相同的条件下，比较NO3--N、NH4+-N的比例分别为1∶0、2∶1、4∶1、6∶1、10∶1和0∶1时对文心兰“黄金2号”生长发育的影响。试验结果表明，文心兰“黄金2号”苗期和花期生长发育的最佳N源是NO3--N/NH4+-N为10∶1，其次为6∶1；随着NO3--N比例的增加，文心兰植株体内N、K含量呈上升趋势，NH4+-N 利于根部对Ca，Mg素的吸收，NO3--N 利于茎部对Ca，Mg的吸收；在文心兰整个生长发育阶段，中苗期至花芽分化期对N，K元素的吸收最旺，对P，Ca，Mg整体吸收量 相似文献
6.
低磷胁迫下氮素形态对玉米苗期生物学性状、花青苷含量及糖含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了探讨低磷胁迫下氮素形态对玉米糖代谢以及花青苷含量的影响,以Ca3(PO4)2模拟低磷胁迫环境,采用水培方式,研究3种形态氮素营养(NO3--N、NO3--N与NH4+-N混合营养和NH4+-N)对玉米植株生物量、花青苷含量及糖代谢等的影响.结果表明:当营养液中以Ca3 (PO4)2形式供应磷素时,与KH2PO4形式供应磷素相比,3种氮素处理的玉米整株生物量依次降低20.6％、15.4％和12.9％;在磷胁迫状态下,玉米茎秆的花青苷含量显著升高,同时受到氮素形态的影响,3种氮形态处理下茎秆的花青苷含量高低顺序依次为:铵态氮＞铵硝混合营养＞硝态氮；磷胁迫还引起玉米植株中糖分累积,与KH2PO4处理相比,3种氮形态处理的玉米植株根、茎、叶的可溶性糖含量均明显升高,且在根和茎中差异达显著性水平;在低磷胁迫时,铵态氮处理的玉米根、茎、叶中可溶性糖含量分别是硝态氮处理的1.12倍、1.22倍、1.18倍,相应的还原性糖的数值依次为1.03倍、1.37倍、1.24倍.可见,铵态氮处理的玉米生长受抑制程度最小,表现为铵态氮处理提高了植物各部分糖的含量,促进了花青苷合成,以此缓解低磷胁迫引起的代谢失调. 相似文献
7.
为明确二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（DDTC）对淹水胁迫下大豆根系氮代谢的调控作用,采用盆栽试验,以大豆品种徐豆18（敏感）和南农1138-2（耐涝）为试验材料,在大豆初花期（R1）叶面喷施蒸馏水或DDTC,喷施1 d后进行淹水胁迫8 d（水面淹至大豆子叶节部位）,研究DDTC对花期淹水大豆根系活力、根系含氮化合物以及氮代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明：淹水胁迫下,与徐豆18相比,南农1138-2根系活力、固氮能力以及根系含氮化合物输出能力的下降幅度较小,根系中铵态氮（NH4+-N）含量增加幅度较小,而根系中硝酸还原酶（NR）和谷氨酰胺合酶（GS）活性、硝态氮（NO3--N）和游离氨基酸（FAA）含量增加幅度较大。DDTC处理提高了淹水胁迫下根系活力和根系干质量,进而有利于缓解淹水胁迫对大豆产量的抑制;增加了根系中NR、GS活性,NO3--N、FAA、可溶性蛋白含量,并降低了NH4+-N含量,从而增强了根系对氮素的吸收、同化能力;抑制了根瘤干物质重和根瘤固氮酶活性下降,进而提高了淹水胁迫下大豆固氮能力;DDTC处理也能缓解淹水胁迫下伤流液中NO3--N、FAA总量下降,表明DDTC处理促进了根系中含氮化合物向地上部转运。总之,淹水胁迫下,外源DDTC能够通过调控根系氮代谢减轻淹水胁迫对大豆植株的伤害。 相似文献
8.
氮素形态对大豆根系形态性状及释放H+的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用水培培养方法,研究了不同形态氮素对大豆根系形态性状及释放H 的影响.结果表明,不同形态氮素对根系形态特性的影响不同,表现为,NO3-N和NH4NO3-N促进根表面积增加;NH4 -N对根系的生长表现出抑制作用;而生物固氮处理,除根尖数随生育期的延长而增加外,其他根系形状几乎没有变化.NH4 -N处理根系释放出大量H ,且大豆根系受到NH4 -N的毒害,阻碍了根系对其它元素的吸收;而NO3-N处理,根系释放出大量OH-,对根系吸收其他元素的抑制作用较小,因此,生物量增加较明显;NH4NO3-N处理根际pH变化较小,促进大豆植株生长;而生物固氮处理,在生育前期,根瘤固氮能力较弱,不能及时为大豆生长提供充足的氮素,进而抑制大豆的生长,使生物量偏低. 相似文献
9.
氮素形态对冬油菜幼苗生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过营养液培养试验研究了硝态氮（NO3-）和铵态氮（NH4+）不同搭配比例对甘蓝型油菜中双9号幼苗生长的影响。试验设5个处理：NO3-:NH4+分别为100:0（N1）、75:25（N2）、50:50（N3）、25:75（N4）和0:100（N5）。结果发现,与N1处理相比,油菜幼苗干重、根长、根表面积、根体积、氮（N）含量及N积累量、硝酸还原酶活性等指标均以N2处理最高,之后随着营养液中NH4+比例的升高而显著降低。而光合色素含量、铁（Fe）和锰（Mn）浓度却随营养液中NH4+的添加而显著升高,锌（Zn）浓度随NH4+的添加而显著降低。说明中双9号属于喜硝态氮的作物,在供应NO3-时搭配适量的NH4+更有利于其生长,但是当NH4+比例超过50％时,则会显著抑制其生长。 相似文献
10.
不同铵硝配比对香蕉幼苗硝态氮吸收动力学特征影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将香蕉苗移植到0.2 mmol/L CaSO4溶液中饥饿3d,采用改进耗竭法研究了香蕉幼苗期在5种铵硝配比营养液中的硝态氮的吸收动力学特征,以探讨香蕉铵硝营养特点.结果表明,香蕉幼苗所有铵硝配比处理的硝态氮吸收曲线特征均符合Michaelis-Menten酶动力学模型的描述.加铵不仅显著影响香蕉幼苗硝态氮吸收动力学参数Vax,对Km的影响也达显著水平.在霍格兰营养液的基础上直接添加10％NH4+-N比将10％NO3-N用NIH4+-N替换更能降低香蕉对硝态氮的吸收速率,但这两种处理对Km的影响不显著.在100％硝态氮的基础上,增铵降低了香蕉对硝态氮的吸收速率,增10％NH4+-N降低香蕉对硝态氮的亲和力,增25％ NH+4-N对香蕉对硝态氮的亲和力的影响则相反.在本实验条件下,香蕉硝态氮吸收系统属于低亲和吸收系统. 相似文献
11.
针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
12.
Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
13.
通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
14.
1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
15.
Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
16.
以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
17.
18.
M. D. Harrison Gestur Johnson R. D. Barmington 《American Journal of Potato Research》1970,47(10):386-393
A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly. 相似文献
19.
P. Mésochina W. Martin-Rosset † J.-L. Peyraud ‡ P. Duncan § D. Micol† S. Boulot¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》1998,53(2):189-196
Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R2= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r2= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r2= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r2= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands. 相似文献
20.
橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献