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1.
试验旨在探讨无血清条件下脐带间充质干细胞（UC-MSCs）和奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（BMECs）共培养对类胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）表达的影响,将UC-MSCs和BMECs按1：2直接共培养,对比单纯培养的两种细胞,48 h时利用ELISA法检测各组上清IGF-Ⅰ浓度水平,再利用Transwell小室将两种细胞分离培养,实时荧光定量 PCR检测各组细胞IGF-ⅠR、IGF-Ⅰ mRNA的表达。结果显示,共培养中IGF-Ⅰ浓度显著高于UC-MSCs组（P < 0.05）,极显著高于BMECs组（P < 0.01）;UC-MSCs/BMECs、BMECs/UC-MSCs组IGF-Ⅰ mRNA表达值均极显著高于单纯培养组（P < 0.01）,BMECs/UC-MSCs组显著高于UC-MSCs/BMECs组（P < 0.05）;UC-MSCs/BMECs、BMECs/UC-MSCs组IGF-ⅠR mRNA表达值显著或极显著高于单纯培养组（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,BMECs/UC-MSCs组较UC-MSCs/BMECs组差异显著（P < 0.05）。综上,体外无血清培养条件下,UC-MSCs和BMECs共培养可显著提高IGF-ⅠR及IGF-Ⅰ mRNA表达,IGF-Ⅰ浓度水平和IGF-ⅠR mRNA的表达具有一致性,IGF-Ⅰ主要存在于UC-MSCs中。 相似文献
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旨在研究妊娠后期饲喂不同钙磷水平饲粮对产后伊犁马初乳成分、乳脂脂肪酸组成、血液钙磷及钙磷代谢激素、繁殖及生长代谢激素等生理生化指标的影响，为明确伊犁马在妊娠后期对钙磷的适宜需要量提供参考。本试验选取健康、无亲缘关系、12~13周岁、体重为（380±32）kg、胎次为4~5胎、处于第10妊娠月左右的伊犁马25匹，随机分为5组，每组5个重复。各组饲粮钙饲喂水平分别为36.00、39.00、42.00、45.00和48.00 g·d-1，磷饲喂水平分别为26.30、28.30、30.30、32.30和34.30 g·d-1。试验预试期10 d，正试期从第11天至母马分娩后第2天结束。母马分娩后12 h内采集初乳用于测定乳成分和乳脂脂肪酸含量，空腹血液用于测定Ca、P、甲状旁腺素（PTH）、降钙素（CT）、骨钙素（OC）、胎盘催乳素（PL）、垂体催乳素（PRL）、雌酮（E1）、雌二醇（E2）、血清孕酮（PROG）、甲状腺素（T4）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（IGF-1）等激素浓度。结果表明：1）饲粮钙磷水平对初乳中钙、磷、乳脂率、乳糖率均无显著影响，组间乳蛋白率、总固形物、体细胞数、乳脂中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）比例存在显著差异（P<0.05）。随着饲粮钙、磷水平的增加，乳磷浓度、乳蛋白率和UFA比例呈显著线性增加（P<0.05），总固形物呈显著二次增加（P<0.05），而乳糖率、SFA及肉豆蔻酸比例呈显著线性降低（P<0.05）。2）饲粮钙磷水平显著影响血液中OC和PROG浓度（P<0.05），随着饲粮钙磷水平的增加，血液中离子钙、CT和OC浓度呈显著的线性降低（P<0.05），而PTH和PROG水平呈显著的线性升高（P<0.05）。饲粮钙、磷水平对PL、PRL、E1、E2等生殖激素以及T3、T4、GH和IGF-1等生长代谢激素浓度均无显著影响。由此可见，在本试验条件下，饲粮钙磷通过提高初乳中乳蛋白率和总固形物来改变乳脂中饱和脂肪酸含量和不饱和脂肪酸比例影响初乳成分；通过降低血液中OC浓度影响钙磷代谢；通过提高血液中PROG浓度影响繁殖状况。 相似文献
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为了查明奶牛产后21d内子宫炎的发病率及与季节、胎次、人工干预和发病阶段的关系。本研究采用现场调查结合统计学分析的方法，选择宁夏不同地区的5个规模化牧场为研究对象。结果表明：奶牛分娩后21d内子宫炎的平均发病率为7.34%,A、B、C、D、E五个牧场分别为7.81%、3.53%、2.35%、12.62%、9.65%；季节性方面，秋季发病率最高，春季最低，秋季与其他三个季节差异极显著（P<0.01）；胎次方面，1胎的发病率最高，与其他胎次差异极显著（P<0.01）,2胎及2胎以上发病率均无显著差异（P>0.05）；人工干预方面，助产奶牛子宫炎的发病率相比自然分娩差异极显著（P<0.01）；发病时间方面，主要集中在产后0～7d内。调查结果对掌握宁夏部分规模化奶牛场奶牛分娩后子宫炎的发病情况，以及早发现和控制该病发生、降低其发病率具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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本研究对济南郊区卫生和管理条件较好的大型奶牛场临床型奶牛乳房炎和隐性奶牛乳房炎与胎次之间的关系进行了调查。结果表明,该奶牛场1～5胎次奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率高于临床型奶牛乳房炎发病率,而两种不同型的奶牛乳房炎发病率在6～9胎次奶牛表现相同,均为28.00%。临床型乳房炎除第3胎次稍有降低外,其余随胎次增多,发病率呈上升趋势。1胎、2胎、3胎、4胎、6～9胎的临床型乳房炎发病率分别为3.86%、8.04%、5.26%、9.00%、10.00%、28.00%,不同胎次间存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同胎次奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率依次为16.49%、29.15%、31.58%、20.07%、22.22%、28.00%,其中第3胎次奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率显著高于其它胎次发病率,且各组间也具有差异显著性(P<0.05)。总之,该奶牛场随奶牛胎次的增加,乳房炎总发病率呈上升的趋势,6～9胎次奶牛乳房炎发病率最高,其次为2、3胎次。 相似文献
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规模化奶牛场乳腺炎发病规律的调查分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]为分析昆明地区规模化奶牛场临床乳腺炎的发病情况及流行规律,从2003年6月至2006年5月,对昆明某奶牛场饲养的342～426头奶牛乳腺炎的发病情况进行为期3年的跟踪调查.[方法]应用奶牛临床乳腺炎诊断方法进行判定.[结果]表明:牛场奶牛临床乳腺炎平均发病率为8.35%,各年之间平均发病率(8.17%～8.63%)差异不显著(P＞0.05);月份之间最高和最低发病率相差5.22个百分点(6.57%～11.79%),差异显著(P＜0.05),不同胎次奶牛发病率差异较大(6.32%～16.67%),1～3胎次与4～7胎次奶牛发病率差异极显著(P＜0.01);日均产奶量分别为0～10 kg、10～20 kg、20～30 kg和30 kg以上的奶牛临床乳腺炎发病率(3.33%～11.88%)差异极显著(P＜0.01).乳区的平均发病率为9.35%(8.99%～9.80%),各乳区之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),乳区平均瞎奶头率为3.21%(1.60%～4.45%),后乳区的瞎奶头率极显著(P＜0.01)高于前乳区.[结论]昆明地区的奶牛乳房炎发病率无明显季节性差异. 相似文献
6.
为研究促卵泡素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）对儋州鸡体内其他生殖激素的调控规律,本试验通过改变FSH和LH在儋州鸡血液中的浓度,并采用双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对处理前后儋州鸡血液中FSH、LH、催乳素（PRL）、孕酮（P）、雌二醇（E2）的浓度进行测定。结果发现,注射外源性FSH和LH分别能提高儋州鸡血液中FSH和LH浓度;当儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度显著升高时则均能引起PRL浓度显著降低（P < 0.05）,但当FSH和LH浓度同时显著升高时,PRL浓度显著升高（P < 0.05）;当儋州鸡血液中FSH浓度显著升高时,E2及P浓度显著提升（P < 0.05）,且在高浓度LH的协同下提升幅度更大;当儋州鸡血液中LH浓度显著升高时E2及P浓度升高但不显著（P > 0.05）。本研究结果表明,儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度的提高均能降低PRL的浓度,并能不同程度的提升E2及P的浓度,但FSH与LH浓度同时提高则能通过协同作用刺激E2及P浓度的大幅提升,当E2及P浓度过高时能通过刺激PRL的释放,负反馈调节血液中FSH与LH,并恢复血液中E2及P浓度。 相似文献
7.
目的 本研究旨在摸清兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床乳房炎流行规律,为该病的防控提供参考。方法 采用加州奶牛亚临床乳房炎试验（CMT）方法对3 家规模化奶牛场的547 头泌乳奶牛进行亚临床乳房炎检测,调查该病与奶牛胎次、泌乳期和乳区的关系。结果 奶牛阳性率为20.11%,乳区阳性率为10.88%;1~2、3~4和≥5胎次的奶牛发病率分别为13.37%、20.53%和29.46%;泌乳前期、泌乳中期和泌乳后期发病率分别为15.11%、22.12%和30.89%;乳区阳性率介于8.59%~13.16%。结论 兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床型乳房炎的发病率相对较低,与胎次、泌乳期存在正相关,与乳区无明显关系。 相似文献
8.
近几年,规模化万头牧场全面兴起,单产不断提升,然而奶牛胎衣不下常有发生,本文旨在查明分娩奶牛胎衣不下的发病原因及规律,为防治奶牛胎衣不下制定有效的综合防治措施提供数据参考。本研究通过流行病学调查,对2022年11月—2023年10月一年间分娩的2 936头荷斯坦奶牛从分娩胎次、胎儿性别、单双胎、胎儿出生体重、产犊难易度等生产实际状况进行调查与统计,分析其与分娩母牛胎衣不下的关系。结果显示,二胎次奶牛产后胎衣不下的发病率最低,初次分娩的奶牛产后胎衣不下发病率高达24.41%,发病率最高;产公犊的奶牛胎衣不下发病率显著高于产母犊的奶牛（P<0.05）;产双胞胎的奶牛胎衣不下发病率显著高于产单胎的奶牛（P<0.05）;犊牛初生重<30kg时,奶牛胎衣不下发病率高于其他体重群体;在胎天数<260d的分娩奶牛胎衣不下发病率显著高于其他分娩奶牛（P<0.05）;自然分娩奶牛胎衣不下发病率显著低于助产奶牛（P<0.05）。综上,分娩胎次为二胎时,奶牛胎衣不下发病率最低,头胎发病率最高;产公牛犊,母畜怀有双胎,胎儿出生体重<30 kg、>36 kg,早产... 相似文献
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10.
规模化奶牛场奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对山东省临沂市规模化奶牛场的调查研究发现,奶牛发病率较高。在经产奶牛中．奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病率高达22．5％。并且奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病率具有明显的季节性（P〈0．05）和胎次间的差异性（P〈0．01）。全年中以夏季7-8月和冬季1-2月的发病率较高．占全年发病率的37．69％。不同胎次的奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病率随胎次的增加呈逐渐上升趋势．而且不同场际间奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病率存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。 相似文献
11.
XU Xiao-ling XIAO Yin-xia BAI Jia-hua FENG Tao XIAO Lin-li SONG Yu-qing LIU Yan 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(7):1898-1903
In order to explore the incidence,pathogenic factors and the formation mechanism of cystic ovarian disease (COD) in Beijing scale dairy farm,we used the rectal examination and ultrasound diagnosis,combined with the dairy parity,calving season and serum biochemical indices and hormone levels to investigate the distribution,influencing factors and formation cause of cow ovarian cysts.The results showed that the incidence of cystic ovarian disease (COD) was 10.73% in the testing dairy herds and the incidence of COD was associated with the parities.The incidence rate of ovarian cyst in the cows calving in the summer (51.06%) was higher than those calving in the spring (8.51%) and winter (17.02%).Insulin,IGF-1 and E2 were closely related with the formation of the cow ovarian cyst.The average concentrations of serum insulin and IGF-1 in cows with ovarian cysts were significantly lower than those of normal cows(P < 0.05),but the average concentration of serum E2 was significantly higher than that of normal cows(P < 0.05).This study provided reliable basis for the prevention and treatment of cow ovarian cyst. 相似文献
12.
L Cattaneo ML Signorini J Bertoli JA Bartolomé NC Gareis PU Díaz GA Bó HH Ortega 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1028-1033
To describe the epidemiology of cystic ovarian disease (COD), to find possible risk factors associated with the incidence of cysts and to analyse the impact of COD on the reproductive performance of dairy cows, databases from 22 dairy herds from the main dairy region in Argentina were retrospectively evaluated throughout a 3‐year period (2009–2011). A total of 248 COD cases over 9156 parturitions were recorded, resulting in a cumulative incidence rate of 2.7%. Cystic ovarian disease incidence density was lower during the first 100 days post‐partum (DPP) than during later stages of lactation. Seasonality had a significant influence on the disease presentation with higher incidence rates during winter and spring. Cows with a previous diagnosis of clinical mastitis showed 2.72 times more chances of developing ovarian cysts. Cystic cows had longer calving to first service and calving to conception intervals and lower conception rate than controls. 相似文献
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试验旨在探明皮下注射褪黑素（MT）对荷斯坦奶牛配种妊娠率及血清生殖激素的影响。用计步器法确定自然发情的首次配种荷斯坦奶牛150头，对其中70头进行颈部皮下肌内注射褪黑素30 mg，12 h后进行人工输精；选择170头产后首次配种的荷斯坦奶牛进行同期排卵-定时输精处理，其中90头荷斯坦奶牛最后一次注射促性腺激素释放激素（gonadotropin-releasing hormone，GnRH）的同时进行颈部皮下肌内注射褪黑素30 mg，16 h后进行人工输精。在进行二次配种的荷斯坦奶牛中选择153只进行皮下注射褪黑素。荷斯坦奶牛输精后20~35 d进行妊娠检查，详细记录首次配种妊娠母牛头数、二次配种妊娠母牛头数、产犊数。选取同期排卵-定时输精的荷斯坦奶牛25头，皮下注射褪黑素8 h后用放射免疫法检测其血清中褪黑素、促卵泡素（FSH）、促黄体素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）的含量及35 d妊检时妊娠母牛血清中孕酮（P4）含量。结果显示，与自然发情和同期排卵对照组相比，其对应的皮下注射褪黑素组荷斯坦奶牛的妊娠率及产犊率均显著提高（P<0.05）；皮下注射褪黑素组的双犊率显著提高（P<0.05），首次配种妊娠率和产犊率均显著提高（P<0.05），二次配种妊娠率和产犊率均差异不显著（P>0.05）。血清激素检测结果表明，与对照组相比，皮下注射褪黑素组血清中褪黑素、LH、E2含量均显著增加（P<0.05）；35 d妊检时，皮下注射褪黑素的妊娠母牛P4含量显著增加（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明，皮下注射褪黑素能够提高荷斯坦奶牛的妊娠率、产犊率及血清中LH、E2和P4含量，说明皮下注射褪黑素能够促进卵母细胞成熟和排卵，并提高配种妊娠率。 相似文献
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The objectives of this study were to determine the risk factors for development of postpartum ovarian cysts by evaluating several reproductive factors in individual cows, and to determine the economic impact of ovarian cysts on subsequent reproductive performance in dairy herds in Korea. The data, including cow parity, abnormal puerperium, endometritis, body condition score (BCS), and breeding status were collected from 634 cows in 9 dairy herds. We used logistic regression to evaluate the effects of these factors on ovarian cysts. A stepwise procedure, used to obtain the appropriate model with alpha=0.05, revealed that cow parity was the most important risk factor for ovarian cyst development within 8 weeks postpartum, while development of endometritis and BCS loss>or=1 from the dry period to 8 weeks postpartum were the most important risk factors for ovarian cyst development beyond 8 weeks postpartum. The occurrence of ovarian cysts beyond 8 weeks postpartum prolonged (P<0.01) the mean intervals from calving to first service (27 days) and conception (77 days), and increased (P<0.05) the culling rate (7.8%), while ovarian cyst development within 8 weeks postpartum did not affect (P>0.05) the mean intervals from calving to first service and conception or the culling rate. The economic loss resulting from the occurrence of ovarian cysts was estimated at approximately 823,996 won ($687) due to effects on the cost of nutrition, average growth of calves, labor and medical costs, and culling. These results suggest that cow parity is correlated with the development of ovarian cysts within 8 weeks postpartum, and endometritis and BCS loss>or=1 from the dry period to 8 weeks postpartum are correlated with the development of ovarian cysts after 8 weeks postpartum, which decreases reproductive performance and results in economic loss in dairy herds in Korea. 相似文献
15.
T Vanholder JLMR Leroy J Dewulf L Duchateau M Coryn A de Kruif G Opsomer 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(5):460-467
The present study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of cystic ovarian disease (COD) in high-yielding dairy cows postpartum (pp). Hormonal and metabolic profiles during the first 3 weeks pp as well as during the final week prior to ovulation/cyst formation, were compared between dairy cows that developed either an ovulatory follicle (OV) or a cyst (CYST) < day 60 pp. Thirty-four lactations of 28 high-yielding (9500 kg/305 days) Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were studied. Ovaries of cows were scanned twice a week from day 10 pp on, until ovulation/cyst formation. Milk yield data, body condition scores and blood samples, for determination of oestradiol-17beta, insulin, beta-OH-butyrate and non-esterified fatty acids, were collected simultaneously. Milk samples for progesterone analysis were collected daily. Four lactations were excluded from further analysis because of irregular pp ovarian cyclicity, excluding COD. Eight lactations (26.7%) developed a cyst, while 22 lactations ovulated < days 60 pp. Ovulation and cyst formation occurred at similar times pp. Metabolic and hormonal profiles did not differ between CYST and OV lactations during the first 3 weeks pp. In the final week prior to cyst formation/ovulation, insulin concentrations were lower in CYST than in OV lactations while no differences were observed for any of the other parameters tested. In two lactations, cyst formation was preceded by suprabasal progesterone and increased oestradiol-17beta concentrations. These results suggest that cyst formation in high-yielding dairy cows pp is associated with lower insulin levels but not with other distinct hormonal and metabolic alterations. However from this study, we cannot exclude the involvement of subtle hormonal and metabolic changes in the pathogenesis of ovarian cysts. Suprabasal progesterone, and altered oestradiol-17beta concentrations, seem to play a minor role in cyst formation. 相似文献
16.
The aim of the following investigation was to study the effect of beta-carotin serum concentrations on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Blood samples were collected from 201 cows 3 to 4 weeks antepartum, 1 to 2 weeks postpartum and at the time of insemination. Concentrations of beta-carotin in blood serum were determined via HPLC. The incidence of retained placental fetal membranes, endometritis, ovarian cysts as well as the beginning of the oestrous cycle and various measures of fertility such as first service conception rate, pregnancy index, interval from calving to first insemination, interval from calving to conception, interval from first insemination to conception and expected calving interval were recorded and analysed. The beta-carotin serum concentrations were not related to the incidence of retained placental fetal membranes, endometritis, ovarian cysts or the onset of cyclicity post partum. Cows with lower beta-carotin concentrations partially seemed to have a reduced reproductive performance than cows with higher beta-carotin concentrations. Overall, our results suggest only a minor relationship between the beta-carotin serum concentration and fertility in dairy cows. 相似文献
17.
Delayed conception is defined as an interval of greater than 90 days postpartum before a cow becomes pregnant again. In this study, the risk factors for delayed conception in Korean dairy herds were determined by evaluating several reproductive factors in individual cows. The following data was recorded from 1,012 pregnancies in eight dairy herds (designated A-H) from July 2001 to June 2006: herd, cow parity, repeated animal (cows included 2, 3, or more times), calving season, calving condition (abnormal partus), postpartum disorders (retained placenta, metabolic disorders, metritis and ovarian cysts) and conception. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of these factors on delayed conception. A stepwise procedure was used to obtain the appropriate model (α = 0.05), which revealed the herd, metritis and ovarian cysts to be significant risk factors for delayed conception. The odds ratio showed that the likelihood of delayed conception increased by 3.3 and 2.0 fold for each incidence of metritis and ovarian cysts, respectively. Delayed conception was significantly more likely in 2 herds, in herd A by 2.0 fold and in herd B by 2.4 fold, compared with herd H. These results suggest that the prevention of postpartum metritis and ovarian cysts, as well as improved herd management, will be needed to maintain a short interval between calving and conception in Korean dairy herds. 相似文献
18.
The incidence of cystic ovaries in dairy cattle housed in a total confinement system. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The incidence of cystic ovaries following 1830 calvings of 1061 dairy cows maintained in total confinement was evaluated. The overall incidence was 14% of lactations and 22% of cows during a three year period. Fewer primiparous than multiparous cows became cystic, 5.7% vs 18%, respectively. There was an unexplained higher incidence (18%) among calvings in 1979 than in 1980 (12%) and 1981 (13%). There were no effects due to season of calving or genetic line of cow. During the last year of the study milk production by cystic cows was significantly greater than that by non-cystic cows. 相似文献
19.
Several studies have clarified that the follicular cysts degenerate and are replaced by newly growing follicles that develop into new follicular cysts without ovulation, i.e., turnover of ovarian follicular cysts in cows. However, the relativity of endocrinological changes, including the inhibin profile during turnover of spontaneous follicular cysts in dairy cows, is still unclear. In the present study, the relationship between turnover of follicular cysts and changes in the peripheral blood concentrations of progesterone (P), estradiol-17beta (E(2)), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin were examined in lactating dairy cows. Five cows diagnosed with follicular cysts (follicles of more than 25 mm in diameter in the absence of a corpus luteum) were investigated. Their ovarian dynamics were monitored using ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected at 2- or 3- day intervals throughout the experiment. The day when a follicle fated to become a follicular cyst reached more than 8 mm in diameter was defined as the start of a cystic follicular wave. Four of the 5 cows exhibited a similar patterns of cystic follicular changes and hormone profiles. The data from the 4 cows was used for analysis of the relationships between turnover of cystic follicles and the hormone profiles. Two or three new cystic follicular waves occurred in each cow during the experimental period. The mean diameter of the cystic follicles was more than 25 mm 13 to 15 days after the start of the cystic follicular wave, and it began to decrease 1 to 6 days before the start of the subsequent cystic follicular wave. The levels of E(2) and inhibin tended to decrease for 7 to 9 days before the start of a new cystic follicular wave and to increase concomitantly with new follicular cyst growth. The levels of FSH rose for 1 to 3 days before the start of a new cystic follicular wave. The present study clarified the relationship between FSH and inhibin during turnover of spontaneous follicular cysts in dairy cows and found that it was very similar to previous results for cows. The present results suggest that an increase in FSH secretion following a reduction in inhibin secretion triggers turnover of cystic follicles in cows with spontaneous follicular cysts. 相似文献
20.
Naoki ISOBE 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(1):1-6
Follicular cysts are the most critical reproductive disorder in dairy cows and disturb the normal ovarian cycle, resulting in a prolonged interval from calving to conception. Therefore, this condition causes significant economic losses to the dairy industry. Two direct causal factors for cysts are suggested in this review; ovulation disorder and the delay of regression. Ovulation disorder has been accepted to be a main etiology of cystic follicle. This seems to be caused by the deficiency of positive feedback of estrogen to the hypothalamus, leading to the lack of luteinizing hormone surge. On the other hand, if a large anovulatory follicle is regressed immediately after the failure of ovulation, its follicle does not continue to grow, resulting in no cystic follicle being formed. Therefore, it is proposed that another cause of a cystic follicle is the delay (or absence) of the degeneration system of the follicle. This review will introduce these two causes separately, referring to recent advances in understanding the follicular cyst in dairy cows. 相似文献